CN104253470B - Electric automobile and grid interacted and coordinated orderly charging control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric automobile and grid interacted and coordinated orderly charging control method. Multi-level multi-object control strategies are adopted, and electric automobile orderly charging and charging and discharging control strategies are divided into multiple levels according to different control main bodies and control objects. When an electric automobile is under the control of a plurality of main bodies to realize the control object at each level, each level is constrained by the control objects at an upper level and a lower level. When all control levels exist at the same time, the control ranges and the control objects of all levels have a mutually constrained relationship. The orderly charging control method disclosed by the invention can realize electric automobile orderly charging and grid interaction, reduce the adverse influence of the electric automobile to the grid and can promote the popularization and application of electric automobile charging facilities by supporting the operation of the grid by using the charging flexibility and adjustability features and the energy storage capacity of the electric automobile. The method is simple to operate, is convenient to manage, has excellent performance and is convenient and practical to use for electric automobile and grid interacted and coordinated orderly charging control.

Description

Electric automobile and the interactive orderly charge control method coordinated of electrical network

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of electric automobile and the interactive orderly charge control method coordinated of electrical network.

Background technology

The electric automobile of scale application will produce deep effect to electrical network.On the one hand, it is not added with the electric automobile of management and control Charging will make network load peak value occur to increase, and reduce electric network reliability and operational efficiency, and another aspect electric automobile has can The double attribute of control load and energy-storage units, is the utilizable valuable source of following electrical network.Current China electrical network Distribution Network Frame Weakness, automaticity are low, and scheduling means fall behind, and are managed to being widely distributed in the strong electric automobile of electricity consumption side, randomness Power network monitoring, communication and the ability for controlling will be challenged.See clearly impact of the electric automobile to electrical network, using intelligent grid skill Art makes electric automobile become the organic moiety of electrical network, in electric automobile infrastructure construction and planning considers electric automobile with electricity The interaction of net, is the coping strategy that should be taken under electric automobile scale application prospect.

Under electric automobile scale application, its charge requirement will have a negative impact to electrical network, and such as charging electric vehicle is needed Asking to increase network load peak, or even can exceed the ability to bear of localized power distribution net, and electrical network needs adding new capacity, changes Make corresponding equipment for power transmission and distribution so that operation of power networks efficiency is reduced.Charging electric vehicle facility can also bring harmonic wave, voltage pulsation etc. Problem, affects the public quality of power supply.Using intelligent power grid technology, electrical network can be managed to charging electric vehicle, it is to avoid electronic Automobile charges and electrical network is adversely affected, while the operation effect of electrical network is also improved using the motility of charging electric vehicle Rate, it is at a specified future date consider electric automobile and bidirectional energy conversion (V2G) of electrical network after, electric automobile also as distributed energy storage unit, Improve the stability and economy of electrical network.

The interactive approach of electric automobile and electrical network is not yet reached common understanding, with research deeply and demonstration project development, Electric automobile also enriches central constantly with the interactive use-case of electrical network.The mutual moving-target of electric automobile and electrical network, pattern and control Method processed also has pending exploration.Electric automobile charges in order and electrical network interaction technique has at home and abroad received extensive concern, Generally research both at home and abroad is in starting and exploratory stage, it would be highly desirable to the interaction mode, control in scale electric automobile and electrical network The aspects such as strategy are studied, and are that extensive electric automobile establishes theory and engineer applied basis with electrical network interaction.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electric automobile and the interactive orderly charge control method coordinated of electrical network, to realize Electric automobile charges and the interaction with electrical network in order, reduces adverse effect of the electric automobile to electrical network, while utilizing electric automobile Charge flexible tunable characteristic and energy storage capacity is supported to operation of power networks.

In order to realize object above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of electric automobile is interactive with electrical network to be coordinated Orderly charge control method, the method adopts the multiobject control mode of multi-layer, and the level wrapped successively according to priority Regional power grid management level, power distribution network management level, integrated management layer, local energy management level and user management layer are included, wherein, region The control of administration of power networks layer is, in regional power grid, to be guided by discharge and recharge of the electricity price signal to electric automobile, helps real Existing power supply and demand balance, or the charging and discharging capabilities for disperseing electric automobile are polymerized by halfpace, participate in wide area electricity The management and running of net.

The regional power grid management level abandon the minimum target of wind-powered electricity generation amount with caused because of peak-load regulating off-capacity, set up Object function, constraints is from the overall power bound of electric automobile and the energy requirement of entirety, the control mould of the level Type is as follows：

p_GjPlan for normal power supplies is exerted oneself, and represents that the totality of normal power supplies in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself；

p_WjFor the predictive value of wind power, represent that the totality of each wind energy turbine set in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself；

p_ljFor predicted load, the total load in j-th period regional power grid is represented；

p_EVjOverall power traffic order for regional power grid management system j-th period to electric automobile；

E_EVnElectric energy total amount for needed for electric automobile is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_EVMjRepresent the overall power upper limit of electric automobile in the jth period；

P_EVmjRepresent the overall power lower limit of electric automobile in the jth period.

The power distribution network management level are guided and are controlled to electric automobile discharge and recharge according to the operational objective of power distribution network, are led to The direct management of electric automobile charging station under setting circuit is crossed, the target of line load peak valley balance is reached；Object function according to The variance of each moment load of setting circuit is minimum to be set up, and equally in the Power Control to charging station, meets the upper and lower of charging station Power limit and need for electricity are limited, the control mathematical model of the level is：

p_2jRepresent the mean power of load under j-th period circuit；

p_2EVjPower dispatching order for power distribution network management level j-th period to charging station；

E_2EVnElectric energy for needed for charging station is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

The integrated management layer receives power distribution network management level to its overall charge and discharge control order, by charge-discharge electric power point Each electric automobile of dispensing administration, in the case where certain general power is limited, the distribution limited by each user power：When having in system N number of child user, the current positive general power of system are limited to p_s+, reverse general power is limited to p_s-, the charge and discharge electric work of each child user Rate demand is respectively p₁,p₂,p₃...p_N, whenOrWhen, the demand of child user is restricted, this When carry out power distribution according to the priority of user, realize coordinating configuration to the charge power of each child user.

The priority of each automobile user is defined as：

Wherein, T₀For current time；

B_iFor the rated capacity of i-th electric automobile power battery；

T_endiThe departure time is expected for i-th electric automobile；

SOC_0iFor the initial state-of-charge of i-th electric automobile；

SOC_endiFor i-th electric automobile target state-of-charge；

The span of the priority is 0～1, and value shows that more greatly the priority for charging is higher, while the priority of electric discharge It is lower；The power limit of each vehicle drawn by the product of priority and system total power limit value, i.e.,：

p_li+=PRI_i×p_s+

p_li-=(1-PRI_i)×p_s-

Wherein, p_li+For charge power limit value, p_li-For discharge power limit value.

The local energy management level realize the coordinated operation of electric automobile and other loads and power supply, and control targe is to protect While demonstrate,proving the local quality of power supply, the charge requirement of automobile user is at utmost met.

The micro-grid system managed by setting local energy management level includes Wind turbines, photovoltaic, electric automobile charging station And life load, to realize the local target at utmost utilizing renewable energy power generation using electric automobile management of charging and discharging, Control mode of the micro-grid system to electric automobile charging station is set up, the Controlling model of the level is as follows：

p_6wjFor the average output power of Wind turbines in j-th period；

p_pvjFor the average output power of photovoltaic system in j-th period；

p_6jFor the mean power of j-th period load in micro-grid system in addition to charging station；

p_6EVjFor power dispatching order of j-th period of micro-grid system to charging station；

E_2EVnElectric energy for needed for charging station is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

The control targe of the user management layer is to ensure the charge requirement of user and reduce charging expense, and the layer utilizes car Load or off-board intelligent terminal realize the charging process optimum management of electric automobile；Charging-discharging controller is filled to vehicle as user The interface of control of discharge, realizes user's estimated charging interval set in advance, target state-of-charge parameter, and final charge and discharge is automatically controlled Order processed can be assigned to vehicle-mounted charge-discharge machine by charging-discharging controller and perform；Automobile user is combined certainly according to the information for receiving Various information are made a choice and Response Decision by the traveling demand of body according to hierarchy of users control mode.

When automobile user makes discharge and recharge decision-making according to the information for receiving, including the following two kinds control mode：

(1) if electric automobile is not allowed to electrical network feedback electric energy, according only to the charging work(of constraints decision-making calculation interval Rate, control targe are charging network minimal, and the mathematical model of its control strategy is：

(2) if electric automobile allows, to electrical network feedback electric energy, to be charged in each calculation interval according to constraints decision-making Or electric discharge and the size of charge-discharge electric power, control targe is user's total expenditure network minimal, causes electricity including electric discharge The cost that the pond life-span is lost and brings；Ignore impact of the factors such as charge-discharge electric power, charge and discharge process to battery life herein, will Battery life is lost and is approximately：C_BFor the battery price of unit capacity；k_lFor battery life-cycle cycle-index； Simultaneously in order to avoid overcharging and discharging, the SOC of whole process battery should be maintained at set point [SOC_min, SOC_max] it Interior, the mathematical model of its control strategy is：

Wherein, Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_iFor electric automobile calculation interval i charge-discharge electric power；

T_pluginThe moment of electrical network is accessed for electric automobile；

T_endThe departure time is expected for electric automobile；

SOC₀For the initial state-of-charge of electrokinetic cell；

SOC_iFor the state-of-charge at the end of i-th calculation interval；

SOC_endFor target state-of-charge；

P_CFor electrically-charging equipment and the minima of Vehicular charger Power Limitation；

ζ_1iFor the charging electricity price of each calculation interval；

ζ_2iFor the electric discharge electricity price of each calculation interval；

P_i+Charge power for each calculation interval is limited；

P_i-Discharge power for each calculation interval is limited；

λ_iThe penalty coefficient of charge-discharge electric power restriction is run counter to for day part；

B is electric automobile power battery capacity.

Electric automobile of the present invention devises multi-layer multi objective control with the interactive orderly charge control method coordinated of electrical network Strategy, electric automobile charges in order and charge and discharge control strategy is multiple layers according to the different demarcation for controlling main body and control targe Level.When electric automobile receives the control of multiple main bodys to realize the control targe of each level, each level will be subject to higher level with The constraint of subordinate's control targe.In the presence of respectively controlling level simultaneously, there is mutual pact in the scope of each layer control, the target of control Beam relation.Control level is higher, and the physical object being related to is wider, electrical network level of intelligence is required also higher.

The orderly charge control method of the present invention realizes electric automobile charging and the interaction of electrical network in order, reduces electric automobile Adverse effect to electrical network, while carrying out propping up to operation of power networks using the flexible tunable characteristic of charging electric vehicle and energy storage capacity Hold, the promotion and application of charging electric vehicle facility can be promoted.The method designs ingenious, function admirable, and convenient and practical is used for Electric automobile and the interactive orderly charge control coordinated of electrical network, simple to operate, convenient management.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention system hlerarchy schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is the interactive configuration diagram of embodiment of the present invention electric automobile and microgrid energy management system；

Fig. 3 is the interactive configuration diagram of embodiment of the present invention electric automobile and power distribution network EMS；

Fig. 4 is the interactive configuration diagram that embodiment of the present invention electric automobile and regional power grid dispatch system；

Fig. 5 is embodiment of the present invention regional power grid management level；

Fig. 6 is embodiment of the present invention power distribution network management level；

Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention integrated management layer；

Fig. 8 is embodiment of the present invention local energy management level；

Fig. 9 is embodiment of the present invention vehicle user management level.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described further to the present invention.

Impact of the present invention from electric automobile to electrical network is started with, and interaction relationship of the electric automobile with electrical network is carried out Analysis.On this basis, under the background of demand response technology, with reference to the charging scenarios and control model of electric automobile, propose Electric automobile and the interactive control targe of electrical network, according to control targe, establish the interactive framework of electric automobile and electrical network, and Information model is established to automobile user, intermediate management platform, power distribution network management platform, the control plan of each level is designed Slightly.

The system hlerarchy of the present invention is as shown in figure 1, be related to three class electric automobiles with electrical network interaction framework and five levels Sequential charging control system.With electrical network interaction framework, three class electric automobiles include that electric automobile is coordinated with local energy management system Interactive framework, electric automobile and distribution management system interaction framework, electric automobile and power network dispatching system interaction framework.The party Method adopts the multiobject control mode of multi-layer, five level to include regional power grid management level, distribution successively according to priority Net management level, integrated management layer, local energy management level and user management layer, electric automobile are filled in order with the interactive coordination of electrical network Electric control finally realizes electric automobile with electrical network interaction and orderly Charge Management by the multiobject control mode of multi-layer.

The electric automobile of the present embodiment and local energy management system system mutual, with electric automobile directly with micro-capacitance sensor pipe As shown in Fig. 2 directly receiving the management of microgrid energy management system as a example by reason system mutual, automobile user will charge to be needed Information is asked (include target SOC, time departure etc.) to inform microgrid energy management system, energy management system of micro-grid is according to itself Running status and optimisation strategy assign real time charging power instruction, or the generating according to micro-grid system and use to electric automobile Electricity prediction, the charging plan of each electric automobile in computing system are assigned to electric automobile execution.Electric automobile is used as controllable burden Participate in the operational management of micro-grid system.When the capacity of electric automobile in micro-grid system reaches certain level, electric automobile may be used also Micro-grid system is supported as energy-storage units.When system grid connection, the acceptable energy management system of micro-grid of electric automobile Active, idle control instruction, exchanges power in controlled range between help system and electrical network.When micro-grid system off-network, Electric automobile can gather this ground voltage, frequency signal, and which is automated toed respond to, and help micro-grid system to realize stable operation, this When electric automobile also can receive the dispatch command of energy management system of micro-grid simultaneously.

Electric automobile is interactive with distribution management system as shown in figure 3, by orderly charging management system and distribution webmaster The interaction of reason system, can avoid the power distribution network operating index that charging electric vehicle causes out-of-limit, and be capable of achieving the optimization of power distribution network Operation；The each node real-time status of power distribution network grasp network is estimated, each node subsequent period load prediction results are (a few days ago, ultrashort Phase), power distribution network possesses the mode to user's Charge Management, for example, each user is guided by dynamic electricity price, real-time release Capacity limit, each user capacity of support to each user is bidded.The orderly charging system of above-mentioned electric automobile can be considered power distribution network One Virtual User, the management to power distribution network are responded.Electrically-charging equipment positioned at power distribution network difference node is concentrated by which Management, arranges the charging process of each electric automobile.User can be filled to the inquiry of orderly charging management system by end application Electricity condition, setting charge target.Charging management system possesses each Vehicular charging state acquisition, each vehicle real time charging control in order The functions such as system, subsequent period charge requirement prediction (a few days ago, ultra-short term).

Electric automobile is with power network dispatching system interaction as shown in figure 4, certain amount electric automobile can after integrated management Considerable schedulable power supply (load) is formed, herein similar to the virtual power station (VPP) of distributed power source.Electricity after integrated management Electrical automobile can provide various assistant services to electrical network, such as：Spinning reserve, frequency are adjusted, peak load is stabilized.Electric automobile integrated pipe The object of reason system administration includes dispersion electrically-charging equipment with unique user as target, charging station management system, used for electric vehicle Family agency plant, wherein, automobile user agency plant refers to the intermediate system for managing certain dispersion user.Electric automobile is integrated System mode and information of forecasting are reported power network dispatching system by management system, and dispatching of power netwoks assigns scheduling to integrated management system Instruction.Under Power Market, integrated management system participates in bidding for assisted hatching, obtains the fortune of system next stage Row plan.Now, electric automobile integrated management system needs to have the status monitoring of electric automobile and fills (put) electric control, system Overall charging and conversion electric requirement forecasting and the coordination control strategy function between the prediction of variable capacity and multiple objects.

As shown in figure 5, hierarchy management object is regional power grid, electric automobile is filled by large-scale above-mentioned zone administration of power networks layer Electrical changing station or third party's management platform participate in the management that regional power grid dispatches system, provide various services for electrical network, realize system Stable and optimization operation.The control strategy of above-mentioned level is regional power grid by the integrated management from the electricity consumption link that generates electricity, reality The safety and stability of existing electrical network and optimization operation.In the control strategy of existing regional power grid, need to consider that electric automobile etc. is located at The scheduling of the controllable resources of user side.In regional power grid, discharge and recharge that can be by electricity price signal to electric automobile is drawn Lead, power supply and demand balance is realized in help, also the charging and discharging capabilities for disperseing electric automobile can be polymerized by halfpace, be joined With the management and running of the Wide Area Power.

In regional power grid, after the aggregated management of large-scale electric automobile, various assistant services can be provided to electrical network, such as be adjusted Peak, frequency modulation etc., it is contemplated herein that the regional power grid with high wind-powered electricity generation permeability, by electric automobile and the coordinated scheduling of wind-powered electricity generation, reaches The purpose of wind-powered electricity generation ability of dissolving to raising regional power grid.

The minimum target of wind-powered electricity generation amount is abandoned with caused because of peak-load regulating off-capacity, object function is set up, constraints From the overall power bound of electric automobile and the energy requirement of entirety.Model is as follows：

Wherein, p_EVjFor variable；p_wjFor the predictive value of wind power；p_GjPlan for normal power supplies is exerted oneself；p^l _jFor load Predictive value.

The parameter being related in model is as follows：

p_GjTotality for normal power supplies in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself, unit：kW；

p_WjTotality for each wind energy turbine set in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself；Unit：kW；

p_ljFor the total load in j-th period regional power grid；Unit：kW；

p_EVjOverall power traffic order for regional power grid management system j-th period to electric automobile, unit：kW (p_EVj

Represent that charging station can represent that charging station can to system send power when being negative from Systemic absorption power for timing)；

E_EVnElectric energy total amount for needed for electric automobile is in n calculation interval, unit：kWh

Δ t be calculation interval length, unit：h；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_EVMjFor the overall power upper limit of electric automobile in the jth period；

P_EVmjFor the overall power lower limit of electric automobile in the jth period.

Power distribution network management level as shown in fig. 6, level management object for somewhere distribution network, the target of this layer is to subtract The network that few electric automobile causes " blocks " problem, improves the utilization rate of distribution facility, reduces via net loss etc..Above-mentioned level Control strategy is that, for the reliability and operational efficiency that ensure power distribution network, power distribution network is managed to Demand-side, such as direct load Control and demand response.Electric automobile can include the category of dsm, and distribution management system is adopted by distribution network data The running status of power distribution network is grasped in collection and monitoring (SCADA), grasps electric automobile by senior measurement system or other modes Status information, guides and controls to electric automobile discharge and recharge according to the operational objective of power distribution network.Distribution management system pair The control strategy of electric automobile is subject to constraining for every operating index of power distribution network, also relates to and other controllable burdens and power supply Coordination.

As a example by this sentences certain 10kV circuit, direct pipe of the distribution management system by electric automobile charging station under the circuit Reason, reaches the target of line load peak valley balance.Object function can be set up according to the variance of each moment load of 10kV circuits is minimum, Equally in the Power Control to charging station, the bound power limit and need for electricity of charging station, control strategy should be met Mathematical model is：

Wherein, p_2EVjFor variable, p_2jFor known quantity, predicting the outcome from the node load.

p_2jFor the mean power of load under j-th period 10kV circuit, unit：kW；

p_2EVjPower dispatching order for distribution management system j-th period to charging station, unit：KW, (p_EVjFor Just

When represent that charging station can represent that charging station can to system send power when being negative from Systemic absorption power)；

E_2EVnFor electric energy of the charging station in n calculation interval to needed for, unit：kWh；

Δ t be calculation interval length, unit：h；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

Integrated management layer is as shown in fig. 7, hierarchy management object is multiple charging and conversion electric facilities and automobile user, the level Realized by electric charging station monitoring system or third party's management platform, realized by the coordinated management of each charging and conversion electric facility or user Maximum revenue.The control strategy of above-mentioned level is that this layer receives superior system (power distribution network management level) to its overall discharge and recharge Charge-discharge electric power is distributed to each electric automobile of administration by control command, including control is coordinated in many electric automobile discharge and recharges Target maximum degree perform higher level's control command, at utmost meet the charge requirement of each automobile user.Controlling Cheng Zhong, electric automobile are accessed, are exited, the state of each control object in constantly changing, therefore coordination control strategy should in real time, Dynamically carry out.

When integrated management being carried out to a number of electric automobile and electrically-charging equipment, there is the coordination of many electric automobiles Control problem.In the case where certain general power is limited, the distribution limited by each user power：When having N number of child user, system in system Current positive general power be limited to p_s+, reverse general power is limited to p_s-, the electrical power requirements of filling (put) of each child user are respectively p₁,p₂,p₃...p_N(p_iCharging is represented during ＞ 0, otherwise to discharge).WhenOrWhen, the demand of child user will It is restricted, now, power distribution strategies should be carried out according to the priority of user and the charge power of each child user is coordinated Configuration.

When the available power of system can not meet the demand of all vehicles, can be according to certain priority rule to each electricity The power of electrical automobile is allocated.The priority of each automobile user is defined as：

Wherein, T₀For current time；

B_iFor the rated capacity of i-th electric automobile power battery；

T_endiThe departure time is expected for i-th electric automobile；

SOC_0iFor the initial state-of-charge of i-th electric automobile；

SOC_endiFor i-th electric automobile target state-of-charge；

The span of the priority is 0～1, and value shows that more greatly the priority for charging is higher, while the priority of electric discharge It is lower.The power limit of each vehicle drawn by the product of priority and system total power limit value, i.e.,：

p_li+=PRI_i×p_s+

p_li-=(1-PRI_i)×p_s-

Wherein p_li+For charge power limit value, p_li-For discharge power limit value.

Local energy management level as shown in figure 8, hierarchy management object be the electric automobile under local distribution facility and other Power supply or load, this layer realize the coordinated operation of electric automobile and other loads and power supply, are held by local EMS OK.While its control targe is to ensure the local quality of power supply, the charge requirement of automobile user is at utmost met.

As a example by this sentences a micro-grid system comprising Wind turbines, photovoltaic, electric automobile charging station and life load, with The local target at utmost utilizing renewable energy power generation is realized using electric automobile management of charging and discharging, micro-grid system pair is set up The control strategy of electric automobile charging station.

The control targe of micro-grid system also can be extended to common electrical at utmost to utilize local renewable energy power generation Net conveying and the electricity minimum consumed from public electric wire net, system is to the Power Control of charging station except the bound that should meet charging station Outside power limit, also enough electric energy should be provided to charging station.Thus set up system control model as follows：

Wherein, only p_EVjFor variable, other are known quantity, from each power supply and the pre- power scale of load.

Parameter in Policy model is as follows：

p_6wjFor the average output power of Wind turbines in j-th period, unit：kW；

p_pvjFor the average output power of photovoltaic system in j-th period, unit：kW；

p_6jFor the mean power of load (in addition to charging station) in j-th period micro-grid system, unit：kW；

p_6EVjFor power dispatching order of j-th period of micro-grid system to charging station, unit：kW；

(p_6EVjRepresent that charging station can represent that charging station can to system send work(when being negative from Systemic absorption power for timing Rate)；

E_2EVnFor electric energy of the charging station in n calculation interval to needed for, unit：kWh；

Δ t be calculation interval length, unit：h；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

Vehicle (user) level is the bottom and execution level of interactive framework as shown in figure 9, management object is electric automobile Itself, its target is to ensure the charge requirement of user and reduce charging expense.The layer is using vehicle-mounted or off-board intelligent terminal's reality The charging process optimum management of existing electric automobile.The control strategy of the level is completed by vehicle-mounted or off-board intelligent terminal, is filled The interface that electric controller is controlled to charging and discharging vehicle as user, realizes user's estimated charging interval set in advance, target lotus The parameters such as electricity condition (SOC), final charge and discharge control order can be assigned to vehicle-mounted charge-discharge machine by charging-discharging controller and perform. The information that automobile user is received is potentially included：Electricity price information, reward and punishment information, charge-discharge electric power are limited, charge and discharge Electric time restriction etc..These information are may be from different main bodys, and automobile user combines itself according to these information Various information are made a choice and Response Decision by traveling demand.The constraint that automobile user traveling demand is brought includes：It is next Secondary journey time, target state-of-charge (SOC) etc..The decision-making of automobile user also will be by power battery management system simultaneously (BMS) constraint, needs to be grasped the state of battery, it is ensured that the safety of charge and discharge process.

When automobile user makes discharge and recharge decision-making according to the information for receiving, in order to describe the discharge and recharge of whole process Whole charging process is divided into the period of equalization by state, and the information that automobile user is received within certain period is identical, Charging and discharging state does not change.

(1) consider that electric automobile is not allowed to electrical network feedback electric energy, according only to the charging of constraints decision-making calculation interval Power, control targe are charging network minimal.The mathematical model of control strategy is：

(2) electric automobile is allowed to electrical network feedback electric energy, is charged also in each calculation interval according to constraints decision-making It is the size of electric discharge and charge-discharge electric power, control targe is user's total expenditure network minimal, causes battery including electric discharge The cost that life-span is lost and brings.Ignore impact of the factors such as charge-discharge electric power, charge and discharge process to battery life herein, by electricity The pond life-span is lost and is approximately：Unit：Unit/kWh, wherein C_BFor the battery price of unit capacity；k_lIt is complete for battery Life Cycle number of times.Meanwhile, in order to avoid overcharging and discharging, the SOC of whole process battery should be maintained at certain limit it On interior, [SOC is set to herein_min, SOC_max], the mathematical model of its control strategy is：

Parameter in Policy model is as follows：Δ t be calculation interval length, unit：h；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_iFor electric automobile calculation interval i charge-discharge electric power, unit：KW, (p_iCharging is represented for timing, table when being negative Show electric discharge)；

T_pluginThe moment of electrical network is accessed for electric automobile；

T_endThe departure time is expected for electric automobile；

SOC₀For the initial state-of-charge of electrokinetic cell；

SOC_iFor the state-of-charge at the end of i-th calculation interval；

SOC_endFor target state-of-charge；

P_CFor electrically-charging equipment and the minima of Vehicular charger Power Limitation, unit：kW；

ζ_1iFor the charging electricity price of each calculation interval, unit：Unit/kWh；

ζ_2iFor the electric discharge electricity price of each calculation interval, unit：Unit/kWh；

P_i+Charge power for each calculation interval is limited, unit：kW；

P_i-Discharge power for each calculation interval is limited, unit：kW；

λ_iThe penalty coefficient of charge-discharge electric power restriction, unit are run counter to for day part：Unit/kWh (if in certain period, charging work( Rate p_i＞ P₊, then punishment cost be：λ_i(p_i-P₊) Δ t, discharge as the same)；

B be electric automobile power battery capacity, unit：kWh.

The electric automobile of the present invention devises multi-layer multiple target control with the interactive orderly charge control method coordinated of electrical network System strategy, electric automobile charges in order and charge and discharge control strategy is multiple according to the different demarcation for controlling main body and control targe Level.When electric automobile receives the control of multiple main bodys to realize the control targe of each level, each level will be by higher level With the constraint of subordinate's control targe.In the presence of respectively controlling level simultaneously, the scope of each layer control, the target of control exist mutual Restriction relation.Control level is higher, and the physical object being related to is wider, electrical network level of intelligence is required also higher.In electronic vapour In the car different frameworks interactive from electrical network, the control level being related to is also different.

Above example is only used for the core concept for helping understand the present invention, it is impossible to limit the present invention with this, for ability The technical staff in domain, every thought according to the present invention, modifies to the present invention or equivalent, in specific embodiment And any change done in range of application, should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the orderly charge control method that a kind of electric automobile is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that：The method adopts multilamellar The multiobject control mode of level, the level include regional power grid management level, power distribution network management level, integrated successively according to priority Management level, local energy management level and user management layer, wherein, the control of regional power grid management level is, in regional power grid, to lead to Cross discharge and recharge of the electricity price signal to electric automobile to guide, power supply and demand balance is realized in help, or passes through halfpace pair The charging and discharging capabilities of dispersion electric automobile are polymerized, and participate in the management and running of the Wide Area Power；Regional power grid management level are with because being System peak is not enough and it is caused abandon the minimum target of wind-powered electricity generation amount, set up object function, constraints is whole from electric automobile The power bound and the energy requirement of entirety of body, the Controlling model of the level are as follows：

$min\[z=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}(p_{wj}+p_{Gj}-p_{lj}-p_{EVj})\mathrm{\Δ}t\]$

$s.t.\left\{\begin{array}{c}{p}_{EVmj}\≤p_{EVj}\≤p_{EVMj}\\ \underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{p}_{EVj}\mathrm{\Δ}t=E_{EVn}\\ -p_{wj}\≤p_{Gj}-p_{lj}-p_{EVj}\≤0\end{array}\right.$

p_GjPlan for normal power supplies is exerted oneself, and represents that the totality of normal power supplies in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself；

p_WjFor the predictive value of wind power, represent that the totality of each wind energy turbine set in j-th period regional power grid is exerted oneself；

p_ljFor predicted load, the total load in j-th period regional power grid is represented；

p_EVjOverall power traffic order for regional power grid management system j-th period to electric automobile；

E_EVnElectric energy total amount for needed for electric automobile is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_EVMjRepresent the overall power upper limit of electric automobile in the jth period；

P_EVmjRepresent the overall power lower limit of electric automobile in the jth period.

2. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 1 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： The power distribution network management level are guided and are controlled to electric automobile discharge and recharge according to the operational objective of power distribution network, by setting line The direct management of electric automobile charging station under road, reaches the target of line load peak valley balance；Object function is according to setting circuit The variance of each moment load is minimum to be set up, and equally in the Power Control to charging station, meets the bound power limit of charging station It is worth and need for electricity, the control mathematical model of the level is：

$min\{z=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{\[p_{2j}+p_{2EVj}-\frac{1}{n}\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}(p_{2j}+p_{2EVj})\]}^2\}$

$s.t.\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{2EVmj}\≤p_{2EVj}\≤P_{2EVMj}\\ \underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{p}_{2EVj}\mathrm{\Δ}t=E_{2EVn}\end{array}\right.$

p_2jRepresent the mean power of load under j-th period circuit；

p_2EVjPower dispatching order for power distribution network management level j-th period to charging station；

E_2EVnElectric energy for needed for charging station is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

3. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 1 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： The integrated management layer receives power distribution network management level to its overall charge and discharge control order, and charge-discharge electric power is distributed to administration Each electric automobile, in the case where certain general power is limited, the distribution limited by each user power：When there is N number of sub- use in system Family, the current positive general power of system are limited to p_s+, reverse general power is limited to p_s-, the charge-discharge power demand of each child user Respectively p₁,p₂,p₃...p_N, whenOrWhen, the demand of child user is restricted, now according to The priority of user carries out power distribution, realizes coordinating configuration to the charge power of each child user.

4. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 3 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that The priority of each automobile user is defined as：

${\mathrm{PRI}}_i=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\frac{B_i({\mathrm{SOC}}_{endi}-{\mathrm{SOC}}_{0i})}{T_{endi}-T_0}}{\underset{k=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}\frac{B_k({\mathrm{SOC}}_{endk}-{\mathrm{SOC}}_{0k})}{T_{endk}-T_0}},& T_{endi}>T_0\\ 0,& T_{endi}\≤T_0\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, T₀For current time；

B_iFor the rated capacity of i-th electric automobile power battery；

T_endiThe departure time is expected for i-th electric automobile；

SOC_0iFor the initial state-of-charge of i-th electric automobile；

SOC_endiFor i-th electric automobile target state-of-charge；

The span of the priority is 0～1, and value shows that more greatly the priority for charging is higher, while the priority of electric discharge is lower； The power limit of each vehicle drawn by the product of priority and system total power limit value, i.e.,：

p_li+=PRI_i×p_s+

p_li-=(1-PRI_i)×p_s-

Wherein, p_li+For charge power limit value, p_li-For discharge power limit value.

5. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 1 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： The local energy management level realize the coordinated operation of electric automobile and other loads and power supply, and control targe is to ensure local electricity While energy quality, the charge requirement of automobile user is at utmost met.

6. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 5 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： It is negative that the micro-grid system managed by setting local energy management level includes Wind turbines, photovoltaic, electric automobile charging station and life Lotus, to realize the local target at utmost utilizing renewable energy power generation using electric automobile management of charging and discharging, sets up microgrid Control mode of the system to electric automobile charging station, the Controlling model of the level are as follows：

$min(z=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}|p_{6wj}+p_{pvj}-p_{6EVj}-p_{6j}\left|\mathrm{\Δ}t\right)$

$s.t.\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{2EVmj}\≤p_{6EVj}\≤P_{2EVMj}\\ \underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{p}_{6EVj}\mathrm{\Δ}t=E_{2EVn}\end{array}\right.$

p_6wjFor the average output power of Wind turbines in j-th period；

p_pvjFor the average output power of photovoltaic system in j-th period；

p_6jFor the mean power of j-th period load in micro-grid system in addition to charging station；

p_6EVjFor power dispatching order of j-th period of micro-grid system to charging station；

E_2EVnElectric energy for needed for charging station is in n calculation interval；

Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

P_2EVMjFor the power upper limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period；

P_2EVmjFor the lower limit of electric automobile charging station in the jth period.

7. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 1 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： The control targe of the user management layer is to ensure the charge requirement of user and reduce charging expense, and the layer is using vehicle-mounted or non-car Carry the charging process optimum management that intelligent terminal realizes electric automobile；Charging-discharging controller is as user to charging and discharging vehicle control Interface, realize user's estimated charging interval set in advance, target state-of-charge parameter, final charge and discharge control order can Vehicle-mounted charge-discharge machine is assigned to by charging-discharging controller to perform；Automobile user combines the traveling of itself according to the information for receiving Various information are made a choice and Response Decision by demand according to hierarchy of users control mode.

8. the orderly charge control method that electric automobile according to claim 7 is coordinated with electrical network interaction, it is characterised in that： When automobile user makes discharge and recharge decision-making according to the information for receiving, including the following two kinds control mode：

(1) if electric automobile is not allowed to electrical network feedback electric energy, according only to the charge power of constraints decision-making calculation interval, control Target processed is charging network minimal, and the mathematical model of its control strategy is：

$min(z=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}(p_i{\mathrm{\ζ}}_{1i}+c_{i+}\left(p_i-P_{+}\right){\mathrm{\λ}}_i\left)\mathrm{\Δ}t\right)$

$s.t.\left\{\begin{array}{c}0\≤p_i\≤P_C\\ \underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}{p}_i=\frac{N({\mathrm{SOC}}_{end}-{\mathrm{SOC}}_0)B}{T_{end}-T_{plugin}}\end{array}\right.$

$c_{i+}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0,& p_i-P_{i+}\≤0\\ 1,& p_i-P_{i+}>0\end{array}\right.$

(2) if electric automobile allows, to electrical network feedback electric energy, to be charged still in each calculation interval according to constraints decision-making Electric discharge and the size of charge-discharge electric power, control targe is user's total expenditure network minimal, causes the battery longevity including electric discharge The cost that life is lost and brought；Ignore the impact of charge-discharge electric power, charge and discharge process factor to battery life herein, by the battery longevity Life is lost and is approximately：C_BFor the battery price of unit capacity；k_lFor battery life-cycle cycle-index；It is simultaneously Avoid overcharging and discharge, the SOC of whole process battery should be maintained at set point [SOC_min, SOC_max] within, its control Making tactful mathematical model is：

$min(z=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}(k_{+}{p}_i{\mathrm{\ζ}}_{1i}+k_{i-}{p}_i\left({\mathrm{\ζ}}_{2i}-{\mathrm{\ζ}}_B\right)+c_{i+}\left(p_i-P_{i+}\right){\mathrm{\λ}}_i+c_{i-}\left(P_{i-}-p_i\right){\mathrm{\λ}}_i\left)\mathrm{\Δ}t\right)$

$s.t.\left\{\begin{array}{c}\left|p_i\right|\≤P_C\\ {\mathrm{SOC}}_{\min }\≤{\mathrm{SOC}}_i\≤{\mathrm{SOC}}_{\max }\\ {\mathrm{SOC}}_i={\mathrm{SOC}}_{i-1}+\frac{p_i\mathrm{\Δ}t}{B}\\ \underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}{p}_i=\frac{N({\mathrm{SOC}}_{end}-{\mathrm{SOC}}_0)B}{T_{end}-T_{plugin}}\end{array}\right.$

$c_{i+}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0,& p_i-P_{i+}\≤0\\ 1,& p_i-P_{i+}>0\end{array}\right.;c_{i-}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0,& P_{i-}-p_i\≤0\\ 1,& P_{i-}-p_i>0\end{array}\right.$

$k_{i+}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0,& p_i\≤0\\ 1,& p_i>0\end{array}\right.;k_{i-}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0,& p_i>0\\ 1,& p_i\≤0\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, Δ t is calculation interval length；

N is calculation interval quantity；

p_iFor electric automobile calculation interval i charge-discharge electric power；

T_pluginThe moment of electrical network is accessed for electric automobile；

T_endThe departure time is expected for electric automobile；

SOC₀For the initial state-of-charge of electrokinetic cell；

SOC_iFor the state-of-charge at the end of i-th calculation interval；

SOC_endFor target state-of-charge；

P_CFor electrically-charging equipment and the minima of Vehicular charger Power Limitation；

ζ_1iFor the charging electricity price of each calculation interval；

ζ_2iFor the electric discharge electricity price of each calculation interval；

P_i+Charge power for each calculation interval is limited；

P_i-Discharge power for each calculation interval is limited；

λ_iThe penalty coefficient of charge-discharge electric power restriction is run counter to for day part；

B is electric automobile power battery capacity.