CN104245163A - Antifouling web - Google Patents
Antifouling web Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104245163A CN104245163A CN201380014426.6A CN201380014426A CN104245163A CN 104245163 A CN104245163 A CN 104245163A CN 201380014426 A CN201380014426 A CN 201380014426A CN 104245163 A CN104245163 A CN 104245163A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antifouling
- protrusion
- base surface
- front side
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
- B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
- B63B59/045—Preventing hull fouling by wrapping the submerged hull or part of the hull with an impermeable sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
- B29C2059/023—Microembossing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/04—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
Abstract
The invention relates to an antifouling web having a front side and a rear side, wherein the antifouling web has on its front side a material having a surface tension of less than 25 mN/m and elevations. In order to prevent fouling of underwater hulls and underwater constructions, provision is made for elevations to be provided on the front side of the antifouling web, said elevations being connected to the antifouling web by a base surface and defining a laying direction for laying the antifouling web. According to the invention, the maximum extent thereof extends in the laying direction and the elevations are delimited from one another in the laying direction. The invention also relates to a method for producing the antifouling web.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antifouling with front side and rear side, this the antifouling material that there is surface tension on its front side and be less than 25mN/m, and this antifouling has protrusion, and this protrusion is connected with antifouling by base surface, and this protrusion is defined for the placement direction placing antifouling.What antifouling protection was positioned at structure under water and vehicle is positioned at portion's section (hereinafter referred to as " submerged structure " or " underwater case ") under water from corrosion with pollute.The invention still further relates to the method for the production of this antifouling.
Background technology
Document DE101 10 589A1 discloses the film with Rotational Symmetry protrusion, and this film guarantees impact fluid runoff (lotus leaf effect (lotus effect)) completely.The underwater use of film is not discussed.
Usually become known for protecting submerged structure and underwater case to exempt from contaminated antifouling, such as, know from WO2008/025538 and WO2011/098266.These documents propose such antifouling, and this surface of antifouling has low surface tension and has protrusion.According to the model of sharkskin, protrusion is used for preventing algae and other marine growths from growing on antifouling.Antifouling that provided or to have complicated production process or have be not the structure of shaped in the best way.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide antifouling for submerged structure and underwater vehicles, easily produce and design in the best way for this antifouling.Another object of the present invention proposes the method for the production of this protective device.
This object is by antifouling and method according to claim 20 realization according to claim 1.
According to antifouling of the present invention, there is front side and rear side.This front side of antifouling has the material that surface tension is less than 25mN/m.This front side of antifouling is also provided with protrusion, and this protrusion to be connected with antifouling by base surface and to be defined for the placement direction placing antifouling.According to the present invention, the maximum extension of protrusion at base surface place along placement direction development and this protrusion relative to each other delimit along placement direction.
The front side of antifouling of the present invention is provided with protrusion, may also be referred to as fin.Based on some fishes dorsal fin and have selected term " fin ", the dorsal fin of fish makes fish more easily keep and judges its position in water.When the shape of protrusion according to the present invention or fin not being limited to this, this term conveyed be applied to according to the routine of the protrusion of antifouling of the present invention or the image of shape that is applicable to.With regard to the application, fin is three-dimensional protrusion.According to the present invention, it has base surface the front side of antifouling.Fin is applied to front side by base surface---or be employed integratedly or be employed as protrusion in the time after a while or form.This protrusion extends until coronal from base surface, namely protrusion or the free end of fin.
Protrusion leaves base surface and the front side therefore leaving antifouling upwards extends.The height of protrusion, namely advantageously approximately corresponding with the length of protrusion to the distance of free end or coronal from base surface.It is high that protrusion is 1mm to the maximum, but be preferably 200 μm high to 700 μm.Fin is particularly advantageously 250 μm to 500 μm, but preferably 300 μm high to 400 μm.The minimum constructive height of protrusion is 0.01mm.The lower limit of protrusion height is determined according to available production method, and it can realize the economical production of protrusion.There is height does not provide increase effect higher than the protrusion of 1mm.
According to the present invention, be discrete protrusion according to fin of the present invention, this means that the base surface of each fin is separated from each other with specific distance.According to base surface outward flange between distance and the distance from a fin to next fin measured be at least 0.1 times of the longest dimension of fin and be its five times to the maximum.0.5 times of the longest dimension of fin to 3 times are preferably from a fin to the distance of next fin.When fin is arranged to minimum distance apart, also achieve the Expected Results avoiding underwater case and structural pollution.Such as, but on the better impact of the flow behavior of underwater case, that is, under identical speed, the minimizing of energy ezpenditure, is realized as early as possible by the fin be spatially separated.
Especially, surprisedly find, be used in the submerged structure that is in water or in use when idle underwater case antifouling according to of the present invention, prevent or the growth of marine growth on having delayed antifouling at least greatly.This is obviously due on fin or form air bubble between fin and occur, and air bubble effectively forms protection zone between water and antifouling.
For according to for antifouling of the present invention importantly the base surface of protrusion be not circular.Therefore fin is non-cylindrical.Base surface, and usually, in any case the cross section parallel with base surface of fin is via until the whole height of coronal of fin is preferably almost symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of protrusion, this longitudinal axis is in the plane of base surface or be parallel to base surface development.
By non-cylindrical configurations, the base surface of fin or protrusion and the cross section of fin have at differing heights place and base surface parallel longitudinal axis in a distance usually.The longitudinal axis parallel of fin extends in placement direction, this means that the vector that placement direction stretches that is parallel to of longitudinal axis at least has equal length or longer with other vectors of longitudinal axis.In other words, longitudinal axis---relative to placement direction---can present the angle reaching 45 °.Placement direction is the direction of antifouling, and it is usually consistent with the longest dimension of antifouling.Placement direction is arranged in aforementioned areas, and this placement direction is parallel to the flowing of expection or the angle flowing into nearly 45 ° with expection after antifouling is installed.
Fin can relative to each other be arranged by any way, as long as independent fin is parallel to placement direction, (+/-45 °) aims at.Fin can advantageously in a row be arranged on the front side according to antifouling of the present invention.But according to one substituting be also preferred design, fin relative to each other offsets on the front side of antifouling.Fin on the front side of antifouling mode in column or skew structure setting up replacement scheme according in the design of antifouling of the present invention, this contribute to optimize according to antifouling effect of the present invention.Therefore, such as, no matter fin is attached to the structure that is in water or is attached to underwater case, and it all can be optimised.
Outer surface extends to free end from base surface on the both sides of protrusion longitudinal axis.Outer surface can form consistent shell.But according to the shape of protrusion, it can be divided into some surfaces separately, particularly when outer surface is intersected with each other due to different curvature and gradient.In this case, independent outer surface is separated by one or more outward flange.Outward flange has such as illustrated profile or the outline line of protrusion in by the cross section of longitudinal axis.
Non-cylindrical protrusion according to the present invention in base surface according to the present invention along placement direction---that is, along the flow direction of expectation after installing---there is non-circular cross sections.On the base surface, protrusion has the longest size, longitudinal axis, and it has shorter extension; Axis of pitch, this axis of pitch makes two points laid respectively at apart from longitudinal axis line farthest of base surface be interconnected.The base surface of protrusion has the maximum length of 1mm usually.But this length is advantageously between 100 μm and 800 μm.Be proved to be specially suitable between the maximum lengths of 300 μm to 600 μm.When longitudinal axis reaches 1mm, be usually provided with the axis of pitch of the protrusion reaching 600 μm long.The ratio of the length of axis of pitch and the length of longitudinal axis is advantageously 1:1.3 to 1:6, and advantageously ratio is 1:1.5 to 1:3 especially.The height of protrusion, length and width are sized to little as far as possible.What limit is production process, can produce protrusion economically thus.
According to design favourable especially, be according to the feature of antifouling of the present invention, protrusion has outward flange, this outward flange has at least one first section and second section, wherein, with respect to the vertical line of the base surface of the protrusion on outer peripheral coronal extremely antifouling, first section between base surface and vertical line has the first gradient (outline line) and second section between vertical line and base surface has the second gradient (outline line), and wherein, the first gradient and the second gradient unequal.
Protrusion extends to free end from base surface.Free end is formed by coronal usually.If fin does not have coronal but crown line or crown surface, then the mid point of crown line or crown surface can be used as coronal.The vertical line touching base surface from coronal will touch base surface at longitudinal axis continually.
In simple embodiment, outer peripheral first section and second section can be designed to straight.But namely they preferably develop in the mode of spill or convex in bending mode.Outer peripheral portion section can have uniform gradient.But also may be easily the gradient that portion's section has increasing or decreasing.
According to preferred embodiment another, be according to the feature of antifouling of the present invention, protrusion has the outer surface with first section and second section, wherein, relative to the plane of the base surface perpendicular to the protrusion on antifouling, between base surface and vertical plane first section of outer surface has the first gradient (outline line), and between vertical plane and base surface second of outer surface section has the second gradient (outline line), and the second gradient (outline line) is different from the first gradient or outline line.Herein, first section of outer surface and second section also can develop into straight or bending.First section and second section of outer surface can merge in the mode of rounding.In this case, fin only has an outer surface.But first section of outer surface also can be cut into mutually each other with second section and make to occur one or more outward flange.A part of portion section of outer surface with the happy and harmonious conjunction of the mode of rounding and a part of portion section to cut mutually each other be also possible.
Transition from the base surface of protrusion to the front side of antifouling is preferably with the patten's design of rounding.Therefore, protrusion is advantageously to enter the radius transition in the front side of antifouling.Like this, the anchoring of protrusion on the front side of antifouling is improved and its flow behavior usually also improved.
Many selections for the outward flange of protrusion and/or the design of outer surface are important advantage of the present invention.In like fashion, protrusion such as can be suitable for each demand of antifouling or mate with the properties of materials produced for protrusion.
According to the present invention, non-circular protrusion is direction constrain, means that it carrys out the flow behavior of alter flowing by the direction of flowing according to fluid.At first view, this seemingly retrains; But the shaping of this non-cylindrical of protrusion in fact make it possible to than can when smooth, the lepidiod impression of antifouling or when forming cylindrical projection or linear bulges portion obviously better mode handle the flow behavior in such as water route.Experiment display, is reducing according to the structure according to protrusion of the present invention on the front side of antifouling of the present invention or is stopping the growth of marine growth such as muscle or algae on underwater case or submerged structure effectively.Protrusion or have and be particularly suitable for this situation by silicones, rubber or natural rubber or the cover layer with the protrusion that other materials that surface tension is 25mN/m to the maximum is made.
According to another favourable embodiment, antifouling has supporting layer.Supporting layer is used as simple enough firm foundations of placing or substrate, but also for antifouling permanent use under water on housing or submerged structure according to the present invention.Its reply is applied to according to the power on antifouling of the present invention by water route, current and tidal range.Antifouling and therefore supporting layer have front side, on front side of this under the front side of antifouling is in mode of operation namely according to according to the present invention antifouling install after towards water.Antifouling and therefore supporting layer also have rear side, on rear side of this according to according to the present invention antifouling install after towards submerged structure (rig, bulkhead plate, waterway structure) or underwater case.
In the simplest situations, supporting layer can be made up of the material identical with fin.If desired, then supporting layer and fin can such as be cast or impress and manufacture single-piece.But supporting layer preferably includes: fabric, mat or braid, but also can be made up of film alternatively.Fabric, mat and braid are made up of fiber.Film is made up of stratiform or film forming polymer usually.Film can design has multiple layer, and it can be strengthened by fiber or be stretched to have better strength character.
Preferred material for supporting layer comprises the mixture of natural fiber, staple fibre or these natural fibers and staple fibre.The mixture of different natural fibres or different staple fibre is also suitable for producing supporting layer.Supporting layer is advantageously made up of aramid fiber, polyamide, polyethylene, acrylate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyester, but also can be made up of the mixture of glass or mineral fibres or aforementioned substances.According to the needs according to antifouling of the present invention, supporting layer can be designed to one or more layers.Some layers can be interleaved, be bonded together, and sew up, cohere or be otherwise interconnected to be provided for the enough firmly supporting layers according to antifouling of the present invention.Especially, the layer of film or fiber base can connect the supporting layer forming multilayer.
Be considered to particularly advantageously supporting layer according to antifouling of the present invention and can be selected from a large amount of applicable material and the respective real needs that therefore can be suitable for according to antifouling of the present invention.
According to according to of the present invention antifouling preferred embodiment, the front side of supporting layer is provided with cover layer.This cover layer then has the surface tension of maximum 25mN/m.This requirement is not applied to supporting layer or other layers of antifouling.Cover layer is made of plastics usually, is usually made up of layer or filmogen.Cover layer then can be used as finished film and is applied to and is such as cemented to supporting layer.But, preferably to be that cover layer is applied to supporting layer by liquid form, and if be suitable for, drying or sclerosis are carried out to this cover layer.
Therefore, the cover layer covering that is suitable as supporting layer is for the formation of level and smooth, outside non-fiber or the front side according to antifouling of the present invention.By according to antifouling of the present invention level and smooth, outside non-fiber, the flow behavior of antifouling is positively handled and contact point for algae, muscle or other sub sea biologies is minimized.
Cover layer is preferably made up of silicones.Alternatively, fluorubber can be used, based on alkene (TPO thermoplastic elastomer (TPE-O)) or the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based on polyester, such as by such as using trade mark
the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) that provides of polyester elastomer block copolymer.But rubber or natural rubber also can be used as natural materials.All previous materials have the surface tension that is less than 25mN/m and are therefore permanently hydrophobics.Therefore, supporting layer and protrusion also can be made up of silicones or other previous materials.But, preferably produce cover layer and protrusion by silicones etc.Namely the mode of is produced cover layer and protrusion or fin and is proved to be favourable in a unitary manner.Known and be considered to advantageously, even if when not having other additives of similar bactericide or algicide, silicones and other previous materials are not also almost moved life by the algae, muscle or other the usual grafts that self are based upon on underwater case or submerged structure.However, according to use, do not get rid of and additive is added into tectal material.As one of them, bactericide, algicide or bactericidal agent can be added.But, also other additives of the simple especially process guaranteeing such as material can be added, such as accelerate or postpone the additive of sclerosis of material, or such as improve the additive be adhering to each other of material of covering layer material anchoring or cover layer and supporting layer on supporting layer.In addition, following additives can be used: the surface tension that tectal material can be set by this additive.Filler, dyestuff, be possible for the preferably diameter of painted pigment or such as zinc oxide and so in the interpolation of the particle of nanometer range.All aforementioned additives can be added into tectal material with individually or being mixed with each other.
According to favourable another embodiment of the present invention, the rear side of supporting layer is provided with articulamentum.This articulamentum improves fastening to submerged structure or underwater case according to antifouling of the present invention.But supporting layer is not only between resting period but also the anchoring guaranteeing to underwater case or submerged structure during use.Especially, prevent from making tearing of sheet by the power of the flowing of water by paving supporting layer with articulamentum.
Articulamentum can be made up of priming paint or base portion coating, and this articulamentum itself works better than supporting layer together with additive.But articulamentum also can be made up of the glue that can realize antifouling is directly applied to submerged structure or underwater case.
If if articulamentum is made up of adhesive or articulamentum comprises adhesive phase, then according to preferred embodiment, keep without protrusion according to the edge strip of antifouling of the present invention.In like fashion, can place in an overlapping arrangement according to antifouling of the present invention.The whole surface of first fixes on the ground, such as, by cementing or welding.Placing and be fixed on for second does not have in the edge segments of the first of protrusion and adjacent ground.In like fashion, can guarantee in a simple manner decoupled the complete of underwater case or submerged structure and continual protection.According to the design according to the fin of antifouling of the present invention, arranging antifouling and be not only direction constrain and be side constraint due to edge strip.Which increase the certainty that sheet is correctly positioned, or realize the certainty without moving raw desired effects or the flow behavior according to the improvement of antifouling of the present invention.
Articulamentum also can be multilayer.This articulamentum can comprise and is such as directly applied to priming paint on supporting layer or base portion coating, and is applied to the adhesive of priming paint or base portion coating.This adhesive should be waterproof.Typical adhesive is the hot melt such as based on alkene or acrylate, and it can intersect combination in case of need.Adhesive based on solvent also may be used for antifouling to be applied to submerged structure or underwater case.Alternatively, articulamentum also can be designed to be soldered to structure to be protected or underwater case, such as by have the highest 150 DEG C low melting point thermoplastic should be used for realize.This articulamentum be made up of thermoplastic then can be softened by heating, to be arranged on ground to be protected and therefore to set up to underwater case or the permanent connection to submerged structure.Articulamentum also can be made up of the polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride with oxolane (THF) thus antifouling be applied to ground to be protected by solvent welded.
The different layer of articulamentum or articulamentum also can be employed as film or in liquid form.The Yan Doushi for both cover layer and articulamentum: the application of liquid form is preferred, because thus the material of covering and/or articulamentum usually can penetrate supporting layer and can mechanically be anchored at this place, such as anchoring between the fibers, substantially improves the adhesion each other of cover layer, supporting layer and articulamentum like this.Then, the articulamentum applied in liquid form is dried or be otherwise hardened, but is kept for connecting submerged structure or housing and the adhesion needed for antifouling.
The invention still further relates to the method for the production of antifouling with supporting layer, wherein, antifouling has front side and rear side and be furnished with protrusion on its front side, and wherein, protrusion is applied to the front side of antifouling.In the simplest situations, antifouling that is made up of polyethylene can be stamped on front side by roller.Front side protrusion being applied to antifouling can also realize in the simple embodiment of method, and wherein, the protrusion be made up of the shapable material that can be anchored on supporting layer can be applied to supporting layer by coining tool.Such as, the protrusion be made up of the liquid plastics of the polyethylene such as melted or liquid silicone resin can be stamped on staple fibre wool by coining tool, wherein, liquid plastics penetrate wool fiber between and during plastic hardening, protrusion is anchored at herein.Therefore, the formation of protrusion is carried out usually between the hardening period of the material of front side or rear side, thus fin keeps the shape that specified by instrument.Sclerosis can such as be set by being coordinated mutually with the formation of protrusion as intersection combination or temperature are set to by the chemical reaction of material.
If processed the polyester elastomer such as existed in solid form, so it was melted before being applied to impression roller.The polyester elastomer of liquefaction is applied to supporting layer by impression roller, such as, to be crushed under stress on supporting layer and therefore sclerosis thus protrusion desired by generation.
According to another embodiment, cover layer also can be extruded on supporting layer.
According to of the present invention another preferred embodiment, protrusion is applied on the cover layer on the front side of antifouling.Preferably the cover layer be made up of identical material such as silicones and supporting layer are applied to supporting layer especially.By the coining tool be applicable to, cover layer and protrusion can be applied to the front side of supporting layer in a job step.Then, protrusion is then connected integratedly with cover layer.In like fashion, profile can formed according on the front side of antifouling of the present invention, this contour optimization become prevent underwater case or structure contaminated.Profile can be adjusted to simultaneously arrange with possible best way the flow behavior flowing over the water of underwater case or submerged structure.
Instrument for impressing or extrude protrusion is preferably fabricated to roller, and the surface of this roller is provided with recess by laser beam.As reserved portion, recess has the outline line of the protrusion on the front side of antifouling to be manufactured.Therefore, protrusion can not be formed as reserved portion by laser beam ideally.In the process of the development of the laser beam of becoming better and better, protrusion that is more and more less and/or that be more critically shaped can be produced.Current even can the protrusion with aforementioned dimensions and effective outline line produced according to the invention in an economical manner.
Underwater case or submerged structure can be applied to by any way according to antifouling of the present invention.Usually ground is glued to according to antifouling of the present invention.Thus antifouling can have supporting layer, this supporting layer is placed to or thus is fixed to ground in adhesive phase on underwater case or submerged structure.If supporting layer is made up of the material that easily can not be fastened to underwater case or submerged structure, so articulamentum is advantageously applied to the rear side of supporting layer.This articulamentum can be made up of priming paint or adhesive, guarantees like this to set up firm connection according to the present invention between antifouling and ground.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, articulamentum is designed to adhesive phase.Especially, the adhesive phase applied in the factory simplifies the processing according to antifouling of the present invention.According to the type of the adhesive used, covering adhesive phase or articulamentum may be needed until applying till antifouling.
Articulamentum advantageously protrusion or there is protrusion tectal application before be applied to supporting layer.Guarantee in like fashion, particularly when protrusion or the cover layer with protrusion are made up of silicones, supporting layer is still enough to the material receiving articulamentum.
The embodiment favourable especially according to the present invention, produces as the sheet width of width between 0.4m and 1.5m that can be placed by a people is particularly preferred for antifouling on width.
Should be specifically noted that, as described above according to the many independent feature of antifouling of the present invention can combination with one another to meet specific requirement, such as, about the requirement of load or cost.Therefore; such as; the shape of fin or outline line, the aligning of fin relative to placement direction, the material for protrusion, supporting layer, and if---can apply---articulamentum can combine by different way to realize to protect waterway structure or water vehicle from the optimum polluting and/or reduce to have consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To be described details of the present invention with illustrative embodiments based on accompanying drawing below.Accompanying drawing shows:
Fig. 1 is the indicative icon not in scale of the protrusion on antifouling;
Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 e is with the different embodiments according to protrusion of the present invention illustrated with indicative icon not in scale on antifouling from top view;
Fig. 3 a is the top view of the independent protrusion according to Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 3 b is the top view of the independent protrusion according to Fig. 2 b;
Fig. 3 c is the top view of the independent protrusion according to Fig. 2 d;
Fig. 3 d is the top view of the independent protrusion according to Fig. 2 e;
Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 b is the view that the different embodiments according to protrusion of the present invention are shown with indicative icon not in scale;
Fig. 5 is through the sectional view according to the indicative icon not in scale of antifouling of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows according to antifouling 1 of the present invention with indicative icon.Antifouling---will describe in more detail below---is designed for being applied to submerged structure and being applied to underwater case.Comprise organic water flow through the front side 2 of antifouling 1.Life is moved by organism such as algae in less desirable water for antifouling 1 for preventing submerged structure or underwater case.
On front side 2, have some protrusions 3 for antifouling 1, one of them protrusion 3 exemplarily illustrates herein.Protrusion 3 also may be fin.Term " fin " gives expression to the good image of the conventional design of protrusion 3 when not limiting the invention to specific design.Protrusion 3 rises with base surface 4 on the front side 2 of antifouling.From base surface 4, protrusion 3 extends upwardly to coronal 5.This coronal 5 is for being positioned at the distance base surface or front side 2 point farthest measured along vertical line S, and this vertical line S is perpendicular to the front side 2 of antifouling 1.As a rule, vertical line S will be positioned in the base surface 4 of protrusion 3.The coronal 5 of protrusion 3 is also referred to as the free end of protrusion.
Protrusion 3 has the cross section of non-cylindrical.This can observe in the drawings: base surface 4 has non-circular cross sections.Therefore, base surface has longitudinal axes L.This longitudinal axes L determines the position of the point of the base surface being positioned at farthest respectively as symmetry axis.Therefore, protrusion 3 has elongate shape.The elongate shape of protrusion 3 determine antifouling 1 at least during applying along determining that the so-called placement direction V that namely direction is indicated on sheet 1 by arrow is placed on underwater case.The outward flange 6 that placement direction 1 is parallel to sheet 1 develops.Therefore longitudinal axes L is substantially parallel to placement direction V and develops.Relevant with the present invention, this mainly means that the edge 6 of the longitudinal axes L of this protrusion 3 relative to sheet 1 is with the nearly setting of angle [alpha] of 45 °.For the present invention importantly, the longitudinal axes L of protrusion 3 has the length of the length at least equaling axis of pitch Q or the length being greater than axis of pitch Q.In FIG in shown protrusion 3, angle [alpha] is 15 °.
Front side 2 and the protrusion 3 of antifouling 1 are made up of silicones.This material has the surface tension being less than 25mN/m, as the other materials making protrusion 3 described in following illustrative embodiments.Protrusion has the height of 300 μm from base surface to coronal.The length of the protrusion measured according to the length of base surface is 600 μm.The width of protrusion, that is, the development length of axis of pitch in base surface is 200 μm.Herein, axis of pitch is 1:3 with the ratio of longitudinal axis.Axis of pitch Q connects the point of the maximum distance of the distance longitudinal axes L of base surface 4 on the both sides of longitudinal axis.Axis of pitch Q locates at any angle relative to longitudinal axes L.
Protrusion 3 is raised up to coronal 5 from base surface 4.The outer surface 7 of protrusion 3 rises from base surface 4 in the plane of antifouling 1.Protrusion 3 is preferably designed so that the space not having hollow, that is, solid.Herein, outer surface 7 is with the patten's design of convex, and wherein, portion's section with different gradient of outer surface 7 is fused to each other in the mode of rounding.Outer surface 7 has outward flange 8.Outward flange 8 reflects outline line or the silhouette of protrusion usually in side view.No matter the gradient of outer surface changes wherein, and such as put upside down, increase or reduce, outward flange all has protrusion.Outward flange 8 in the past starting point 9 extends across coronal 5 to rear starting point 10, and this front starting point 9 is positioned at front relative to placement direction V, namely first passes through part by water flow.The longitudinal axes L of protrusion 3 extends between front starting point 9 and rear starting point 10.Illustrate that at side view the outward flange 8 of the outline line of protrusion 3 is made up of two or more sections with different gradient usually.From starting point 9 to coronal 5, outward flange 8 has two interconnective portion sections, and wherein, the portion section 8a started at starting point 9 place has the gradient larger than the portion section 8b terminated at coronal 5 place.From coronal 5 to starting point 10, outward flange 8 also has two adjacent portion's sections, and wherein, the portion section 8c started at coronal 5 place develops in the mode of convex, and the portion section 8d terminated at starting point 10 place develops in the mode of spill.
In the description of the figures, identical Reference numeral is used for identical feature.
Fig. 2 a to 2e shows antifouling with protrusion, and these protrusions design in a different manner according to material, size, shape and layout.It is clear that the feature of protrusion described in conjunction with this invention can freely be combined thus it can combine in order to object targetedly respectively in optimal manner.The possible combination of the parameters of protrusion is considered to considerable advantage of the present invention, this is because according to antifouling thus the different demands of submerged structure to be coated and housing can be suitable for of the present invention, such as, the organic matter, mobility status etc. that comprise in different water temperatures, salinity levels, water is suitable for.
Protrusion 3 shown in Fig. 2 a is made up of silicones and shaped becomes to be roughly drops in a top view.Fig. 3 a illustrates in greater detail the independent protrusion 3 of Fig. 2 a.There are three portion section 11a, the baseline of 11b and 11c produces by the roughly drop-shaped base surface 4 of protrusion 3.Portion section 11a and 11b are attached at starting point 9 place respectively and are connected by the portion section 11c of baseline at its opposite end place.Baseline 11a and 11b has bending development; From starting point 9, base surface 4 is first wide with the mode fixed wheel of spill, and then fixed wheel exterior feature becomes crossing with baseline 11c in the mode of convex.Starting point 10 takes the centre of the portion section 11c for being positioned at baseline.
The outer surface 7 of the protrusion 3 is in fig. 2 developed to coronal 5 in the mode of spill from baseline.This produces outer peripheral portion section 8a, 8b and 8c, and wherein these sections outer peripheral intersect.The portion section 7a of coronal 5 is extended to crossing with the portion section 7b from the portion section 11b of baseline of outer surface and thus form outer peripheral portion section 8a from portion's section of baseline 11a.The portion section 7c extending to the outer surface of coronal 5 from the portion section 11c of baseline is crossing with the portion section 7a of outer surface and therefore form outer peripheral portion section 8b.The portion section 7c of outer surface is crossing with the portion section 7b of outer surface and thus form outer peripheral portion section 8c.The longitudinal axis parallel of the protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 extends in placement direction V.
Protrusion in Fig. 2 is 400 μm long and is 150 μm wide to the maximum.The height of protrusion is 250 μm.It is 50 μm from the distance of the portion section 11b of the baseline of portion section 11a to the second adjacent rises of the baseline of the first protrusion.The setting that protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 a is parallel to each other, shape is into a line respectively to this means starting point 9 and 10.Distance between the starting point 10 of first row and the starting point 9 of arranging subsequently is 75 μm.
Protrusion 3 shown in Fig. 2 b is made up of rubber.Fig. 3 b illustrates in greater detail the independent protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 b.Protrusion in Fig. 2 b or Fig. 3 b shows similar base surface 4 and the protrusion of Fig. 2 a.But be different from Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b shows following protrusion 3, this protrusion 3 has the portion section 11a of baseline, the transition part of the rounding of 11b and 11c and the outer surface 7 of this protrusion 3 with the mode shaped of convex, and portion's section of outer surface is cut each other mutually.
The longitudinal axes L of the protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 b is arranged with the angle [alpha] of 40 ° relative to placement direction V.In Fig. 2 b, protrusion is arranged parallel to each other.But, also may be easily that protrusion is arranged on the front side of antifouling with different alignings relative to corresponding longitudinal axes L.
The protrusion 3 arranged in Fig. 2 b is 700 μm long and is 250 μm wide to the maximum.The height of protrusion is 400 μm.It is 80 μm from the distance of the portion section 11b of the baseline of portion section 11a to the second adjacent rises of the baseline of the first protrusion.Protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 a is arranged parallel to each other, and shape is into a line respectively to this means starting point 9 and 10.Distance between the starting point 10 of first row and the starting point 9 of arranging subsequently is 125 μm.
The overlapping region 12 adjacent with outward flange 6 of antifouling 1 does not have protrusion.According to the Advantageous embodiments according to antifouling 1 of the present invention, overlapping region 12 was applicable to prevent joint between the resting period of subsequent sheet.Joint is there is when sheet is in succession arranged and makes the outward flange of sheet adjacent one another are.If outward flange be not in the whole length of sheet for straight or attached by chankings ground be not extremely completely flat, so between adjacent sheet, form gap.Ground, the surface of submerged structure namely to be protected or underwater case, be exposed in water at these gap locations and do not protected.But, if follow-up sheet is applied to overlapping region 12, then do not produce gap.Only it should be noted, by antifouling 1 that places along placement direction V now because the side of overlapping region 12 is selected also to place with fixing direction.
Fig. 2 c shows the protrusion 3 be made up of natural rubber, and this protrusion 3 is arranged in an overlapping manner or relative to each other offset.Protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 c is 1000 μm long and is 350 μm wide to the maximum.The height of protrusion is 1000 μm.According to protrusion 3 baseline between distance and distance between two adjacent rises 3 measured is 1500 μm.Protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 a is arranged to offset relative to each other, this means that the starting point 9 of second row protrusion is arranged in before the starting point 10 of first row.The skew of protrusion 3, that is, the overlap in the direction of the longitudinally axis L between adjacent rises 3 is 400 μm.
Fig. 2 d shows the protrusion 3 be made up of silicones.Protrusion 3 has triangular base surface 4, and this protrusion 3 is in a row arranged.Protrusion is of different sizes.The triangular ridge 3 forming first row is 200 μm long and is 100 μm wide to the maximum.The height of protrusion 3 is 100 μm.The triangular ridge 3 forming second row is 1000 μm long and is 1000 μm wide to the maximum.The height of protrusion is 800 μm.Breadth Maximum, the axis of pitch Q of the protrusion namely in Fig. 2 d realizes in the portion section 11c of baseline blocking starting point 10.It is 150 μm from the distance of the portion section 11b of the baseline of portion section 11a to the second adjacent rises of the baseline of the first protrusion.The protrusion 3 of the first row 14a in Fig. 2 d is fully offset in larger second row protrusion 2.The longitudinal axis line L of two row's triangular ridge 3 is fully overlapping.
Although less protrusion 3 has the outer surface 7 of convexly rounding, the concave outer surface 7 of large protrusion 3 intersects and forms outward flange 8a, 8b and 8c, as illustrated in figure 3 c.Coronal 5 is positioned at above starting point 10.
Fig. 2 e shows the protrusion 3 be made up of silicones.Protrusion 3 also has the base surface 4 of general triangular, but wherein, the rear section 11c of baseline bends along placement direction V towards starting point 9.Fig. 3 d illustrate in detail this design of protrusion.Due to the bent section 11c of baseline, two starting points 10 produce at the same distance place of the past starting point 9.In the longitudinal axes L produced between front starting point 9 and rear starting point 10, at least one longitudinal axis is arranged with the angle of at least 45 ° relative to placement direction V.The outer surface 7 of the protrusion 3 in Fig. 2 e is with the mode shaped of spill in the region extending to coronal 5 from portion section 11a and 11b, and these section 7a, the 7b of outer surface 7 are non-intersect.The portion section 7c extending to coronal 5 from the portion section 11c of baseline of outer surface with the mode shaped of convex and formed have the outer peripheral situation of portion section 8a and portion section 8b crossing with the portion section 7a of outer surface and 7b, wherein, portion section 8a extends to coronal from the portion section 11a of baseline and the intersection of 11c, and portion section 8b extends to coronal from the portion section 11b of baseline and the intersection of 11c.
Protrusion in Fig. 2 e is in a row arranged, wherein, the distance between the starting point 10 of first row protrusion 3 and the starting point 9 of the second row protrusion adjacent with first row protrusion is 200 μm.But the longitudinal axes L of first row protrusion 3 is arranged to offset relative to the longitudinal axis of second row protrusion about the outward flange 6 of antifouling 1.
Fig. 4 a and 4b illustrates the other design of protrusion with schematic isometric, and this protrusion can in the mode of statistical distribution in rows, and relative to each other mode that is parallel or skew is arranged on the front side of antifouling.
Fig. 4 a illustrates protrusion 3, and this protrusion 3 is almost described to hat shaped.The smooth gradient that the outward flange shaped of protrusion becomes to have as shade; The inner surface shaped of protrusion has larger gradient.According to Fig. 4 a, from the base surface of ellipse, oval protrusion 3 extends until coronal surface 15.The intermediate point of crown surface is coronal 5.Outer surface 7 forms the outward flange 8 be made up of two portion's sections of the starting point 16a being developed to coronal surface 15 from starting point 9.First section 8a from starting point 9 with smooth, straight gradient development until outer peripheral second section 8b.First section 8a is corresponding with the image of the hat shaped protrusion of shade.Outer peripheral second section 8b then extends until the front starting point 16a on coronal surface.Outer peripheral second section 8b has much more precipitous than first section 8a gradient.Coronal surface 15 is the less image of base surface 4.It can be centered ground or be arranged in prejudicially above base surface.Here, coronal surface 15 is arranged in the top of base surface 4 prejudicially.The extra portion's section of two of outward flange 8 extends to the rear starting point 10 of base surface from the rear starting point 16b on coronal surface 15.Outer peripheral 3rd section 8c extends to the beginning of outer peripheral 4th section 8d with High angle from the rear starting point 16b of crown surface, it then extends with less gradient until rear starting point 10.
This embodiment of protrusion 3 is anchored in antifouling especially well.Meanwhile, protrusion makes it firm especially to the undersized cross section of coronal.
Beak shape can be almost described to according to Fig. 4 b embodiment.Although complex-shaped, the base surface 4 of this protrusion 3 is symmetrical about longitudinal axes L.The symmetric shape of protrusion is preferred but is not requirement.
In the past starting point 9 starts, and two portion section 11a and 11b of baseline are developed to two starting points 10 in bending mode, and each starting point in these two starting points 10 is that the rear section 11c of baseline delimits, and two starting points 10 form axis of pitch Q simultaneously.Outer surface 7 has the different portion's section merged by radius.Protrusion 3 from starting point 9 develop until the first half of half of longitudinal axis to divide with the half from longitudinal axis of protrusion until the second half portion of starting point 10 compared with there is less material.Meanwhile, the first half of protrusion 3 is lower than the latter half of protrusion.This design is also firm and useful for flowing.
Fig. 5 shows the design being easy to place especially of antifouling.The front side 2 of antifouling 1 is made up of the silicones as cover layer 16.The cover layer 16 be made up of silicones is applied to the supporting layer 17 be made up of polyamide wool.On the bottom side 18 of supporting layer 17, bottom side 18 after antifouling 1 is applied to submerged structure or underwater case towards this structure or housing.The layer 19 of adhesive is applied to bottom layer 18.Adhesive completes the permanent adherence of antifouling 1 a to housing or structure.Antifouling is that 140cm is wide and pay with the length of such as 20m.This pattern of antifouling 1 is very suitable for being placed by a people.
Better produce for antifouling 1, because front side 2 is stamped by roller, the material that this roller acts on front side thus provides protrusion 3 for front side 2.The roller be such as made of metal can be provided with the structure with protrusion size, and wherein, these structure shaped become the reserved portion of protrusion, and namely shaped is the recess in the surface of roller, because laser beam produces these recesses.In like fashion, because roller can easily be produced on the width of sheet, therefore the front side 2 of antifouling 1 can produce in mode economic especially.Protrusion usual from base surface to coronal convergent and the shape obtained when not being difficult to the undercut portions be separated with the recess of roller is also highly suitable for this production process.
Shown in Fig. 5 antifouling 1 is conducive to producing especially, because first the polyester terephthalate wool of supporting layer 17 is provided with adhesive phase on bottom side 18, and the acrylic ester adhesive of this adhesive phase here for applying in liquid form.Adhesive is dry thus it does not still lose its cementability from supporting layer separation.Adhesive is preferably applied on whole surface to realize maximum bonding effect.The underground parts be applied to for antifouling 1 are simultaneously by adhesive seal.Until antifouling 1 is applied to submerged structure or underwater case, the layer 19 be made up of adhesive can such as be capped by answering paper using, and this paper is only removed during applying.Alternatively, can use the adhesive such as based on polyurethane or hot melt, this adhesive is only activates when being applied to underground parts, and its temperature first more than 30 DEG C puts its adhesive effect to good use.In both cases, can roll and be provided with antifouling of this adhesive till being applied to underground parts after front side is formed, and can when for be applied to underground parts no problem it is launched again.In like fashion, ensure that in production period and storage, antifouling simple and the process of economy between transport and processing period.
After adhesive is applied to the bottom side 18 of supporting layer 17, supporting layer be provided with on front side 2 silicones,
rubber or natural rubber or there is the layer of capillary other materials of maximum 25m N/m.This material can be employed with liquid or viscous form.Then it is hardened or is arranged on supporting layer 17.After arranging period or arranging, this protrusion is introduced into the capillary material with maximum 25m N/m by roller.This program is favourable, because silicones or have less capillary other materials and be mechanically anchored in the surface of supporting layer 17.If necessary, the surface of supporting layer 17 can be provided with base portion coating on front side 2, and this base portion coating is guaranteed or improved the attachment of cover layer 16 on supporting layer 17.
Adhesive, silicones or have maximum 25m N/m capillary other materials and, the base portion coating under usable condition, all can be applied to the surface of supporting layer 17 preferably by roller.Alternatively, these materials also can be sprayed on or topple over thereon.
Be placed according to antifouling 1 of the present invention, wherein, the sheet of that have the activate under usable condition or that adhesive discharges paper is applied to underwater case or submerged structure.According to of the present invention by cleaned in advance for the surface of the housing be applied to or structure---as be suitable for---or provide base portion coating, thus guarantee antifouling bonding.
To be possible thus placement direction is observed as rolling up be delivered antifouling 1.According to antifouling, preferred embodiment it is provided with mark, such as colour-coded, and this mark is guaranteed correctly to place in a particularly simple way.Then sheet is glued.According to the adhesive used, it must be activated, such as, activated by hot-air.Usually underground parts are applied under stress after antifouling.
If antifouling has the overlapping region not having protrusion, so next aligning of antifouling is also by pre-determining.It is not by having the edge application of overlapping region on the overlapping region of antifouling of previously application.
Claims (24)
1. one kind has front side (2) and antifouling of rear side (6), the described antifouling material that there is surface tension on described front side (2) and be less than 25mN/m, and described antifouling has protrusion (3), described protrusion (3) is connected with described antifouling (1) by base surface (4), and described protrusion (3) specifies the placement direction (V) for placing described antifouling (1), it is characterized in that, the maximum extension measured at described base surface (4) place of protrusion (3) develops along described placement direction (V), and described protrusion (3) is delimited each other along described placement direction (V).
2. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, along described placement direction (V) from described base surface (4) until free end (5) described protrusion has the cross section of non-cylindrical.
3. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is from described base surface (4) towards described coronal (5) convergent.
4. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) has the height between 0.01mm and 1.0mm.
5. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, according to the base surface (4) of adjacent protrusion (3) boundary line (11) between distance and being at least 0.1 times of the longest dimension of described protrusion (3) from a protrusion (3) to the distance of next adjacent rises (3) and being 5 times of the longest dimension of described protrusion (3) to the maximum of measuring.
6. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the longitudinal axis (L) of described protrusion (3) is arranged with the angle α being 45 ° to the maximum relative to the described placement direction (V) of described antifouling (1).
7. antifouling according at least one item in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is arranged to relative to each other offset.
8. antifouling according to claim 1, there is the supporting layer (17) be made up of fabric, mat, braid or film.
9. antifouling according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described supporting layer (17) has the mixture of staple fibre, natural fiber or fiber.
10. antifouling according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described supporting layer (17) has the mixture of aramid fiber, polyamide, polyethylene, acrylate, polyurethane or these materials.
Antifouling described at least one item in 11. according to Claim 8 to 10, there is the supporting layer (17) of single or multiple lift.
Antifouling described at least one item in 12. according to Claim 8 to 11, it is characterized in that, described supporting layer (17) has cover layer (16) on described front side (2).
13. antifouling according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is connected integratedly with described cover layer (16).
14. according at least one item in aforementioned claim antifouling, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) and/or described cover layer (16) have plastics, particularly silicones or silicon resin compound, fluorubber, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), rubber or natural rubber based on alkene or polyester, or the mixture of these materials.
15. according at least one item in aforementioned claim antifouling, is characterized in that, described antifouling (1) in the rear side (6) has articulamentum (19).
16. according at least one item in aforementioned claim antifouling, it is characterized in that, protrusion (3) has the outward flange (8) comprising first section (8a) and second section (8b), wherein, relative to the described base surface (4) of described protrusion (3), described outer peripheral described first section (8a) between described base surface (4) and vertical line (S) has the first gradient, and described second section (8b) between described vertical line (S) and described base surface (4) of described outward flange (8) has the second gradient, described second gradient is different from described first gradient.
17. according at least one item in aforementioned claim antifouling, it is characterized in that, protrusion (3) has the outer surface (7) comprising first section (7a) and second section (7b), wherein, relative to the described base surface (4) of described protrusion (3), described first section (7a) of described outer surface (7) has the first gradient relative to described base surface (4), and described second section (7b) of described outer surface (7) has the second gradient, wherein, described first gradient is different from described second gradient.
18. according at least one item in aforementioned claim antifouling, is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is sentenced certain radius in described base surface (4) and merged in the plane of described antifouling (1).
19. 1 kinds for the production of the method for antifouling, wherein, described antifouling (1) has front side (2) and rear side (6), and be furnished with protrusion (3) on the described front side (2) of described antifouling (1), described protrusion (3) is arranged on the described front side (2) of described antifouling (1) by being applied to the described front side (2) of described antifouling (1).
20. methods according to claim 20, is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is stamped on the described front side (2) of described cover layer (16) or described supporting layer (17).
21. methods according to claim 20 or 21, it is characterized in that, described protrusion (3) is applied to the described front side (2) of described supporting layer (17) together with described cover layer (16).
22. methods according to claim 20, is characterized in that, articulamentum (19) is applied to the described rear side (18) of described supporting layer (17).
23. want the method described in 23 according to right, it is characterized in that, adhesive layer is employed as described articulamentum (19).
24. methods according to claim 23 or 24, is characterized in that, described articulamentum (19) was applied to described supporting layer (17) before described cover layer (16) or described protrusion (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012102161A DE102012102161A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2012-03-14 | Antifouling train |
| DE102012102161.9 | 2012-03-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/054776 WO2013135590A2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-03-08 | Antifouling web |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104245163A true CN104245163A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=47998400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380014426.6A Pending CN104245163A (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-03-08 | Antifouling web |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2825330A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015511529A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20140134709A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104245163A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102012102161A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013135590A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111028670A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-17 | 三星显示有限公司 | Cover window of display device |
| TWI814334B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-09-01 | 日商柯尼卡美能達股份有限公司 | Film, film roll, film manufacturing method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2565825A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-27 | Richard Parker Andrew | Surface microstructures |
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- 2013-03-08 JP JP2014561382A patent/JP2015511529A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2825330A2 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
| KR20140134709A (en) | 2014-11-24 |
| WO2013135590A2 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| WO2013135590A3 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
| DE102012102161A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| JP2015511529A (en) | 2015-04-20 |
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Application publication date: 20141224 |