CN104241709B - Electrolyte and preparation method containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines - Google Patents

Electrolyte and preparation method containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines Download PDF

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CN104241709B
CN104241709B CN201410464738.3A CN201410464738A CN104241709B CN 104241709 B CN104241709 B CN 104241709B CN 201410464738 A CN201410464738 A CN 201410464738A CN 104241709 B CN104241709 B CN 104241709B
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benzaldehyde
ammonium bromide
tetradecyldimethylammonio
contracting
hydrazine
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CN104241709A (en
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刘峥
谢思维
张菁
陈巧娜
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Guilin University of Technology
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Guilin University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of electrolyte containing two (to (N, N, N tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine and preparation method thereof.This electrolyte is by the KOH solution composition that two (to (N, N, N tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agents that concentration is 0.7mmol/L and concentration are that 6mol/L contains saturated ZnO；The structural formula of described two (to (N, N, N tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent is:Weigh above-mentioned two (to (N, N, N tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent, it is dissolved in the KOH solution containing saturated ZnO, it is sufficiently mixed, i.e. prepare the electrolyte containing two (to (N, N, N tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent.

Description

Electrolyte containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines and Preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electrolyte, contain two-(p-(N, N, N-myristyl particularly to one Dimethylamino ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent and preparation thereof Method.
Background technology
The exhaustion day by day of the resource such as coal, oil so that battery this energy conversion device is increasingly by weight Depending on.The battery of the most various models and kind, more than 1000 kinds, spreads all over people's daily life, industry warp The every aspect such as Ji, science and technology, military field, society, mobile phone, computer, audio player etc. Electronic product, the vehicles such as train, automobile, aircraft, military equipment and the force such as submarine, torpedo, guided missile Device, all be unable to do without the development of battery technology.Metallic zinc due to aboundresources, conduct electricity very well and nontoxic inexpensive, It is widely used in manufacturing of alkaline battery negative electrode material.Conventional secondary zinc battery mainly has zinc-nickel electrode, zinc Manganese electrode, zinc-silver electrode, zinc air electrode etc..But these secondary zinc batteries there is also many problems. Zinc electrode easily generates dendrite in alkaline solution, deforms and corrodes and the phenomenon such as passivation, these phenomenons Produce will reduce battery capacity, reduce battery service life, degradation.The existence of these problems Make popularizing by serious obstruction of secondary zinc battery.Past generally utilizes hydrargyrum at zinc surface amalgam Change effect, solves the problems referred to above, but owing to hydrargyrum is extremely toxic substance, therefore the development of mercury-free battery is extremely urgent.
Research at present is broadly divided into electrode corrosion inhibition additive, electrolyte corrosion inhibition additive two for hydrargyrum corrosion inhibition additive Type.The additive for electrode commonly used has the metal simple-substances such as In, Cd, Pb, Hg, Bi, Ga, Ti Oxide and hydroxide etc.；Electrolysis additive mainly has Pb (NO3)2, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, mercapto The derivant of base benzothiazole, hexamethylenetetramine, cellulose base or starch base and some organic composites add Agent etc..But the charging and discharging capabilities often reducing battery for hydrargyrum corrosion inhibition additive researched and developed, especially high power Battery charging and discharging ability under rate, not yet finds the material of the complete replacement for mercury of a kind of energy.Therefore, deepen continuously Research alkaline secondary zinc battery has positive effect with for hydrargyrum corrosion inhibition additive.
From the research work of forefathers, it may be seen that the use of surfactant is before protection zinc electrode Scape.Compared with traditional surfactant, Gemini surface active agent structure has two hydrophilic group and two Individual hydrophobic group, due to the structure that it is special, adsorptivity ability is higher, and Gemini surface active agent is at zinc electrode table Face is more readily formed one layer of firm protecting film, the sedimentation rate of the zinc ion that simultaneously slows down, the life of dendrite inhibition Long, improve the charge-discharge performance of battery.Containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio in the present invention Ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte and preparation method thereof of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent, this One achievement in research provides foundation as alkaline zinc cell for hydrargyrum corrosion inhibition additive to Gemini surface active agent, at present Have no that document is reported.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzene Formaldehyde) electrolyte and preparation method thereof of contracting hydrazine.
The electricity containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines of the present invention Solve liquid by two that concentration is 0.7mmol/L-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) Contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent and concentration are the KOH solution composition that 6mol/L contains saturated ZnO.
Live in described two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Shuangzi surfaces The structural formula of property agent is:
Prepare the above-mentioned electricity containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines Concretely comprising the following steps of solution liquid:
(1) weigh 2 grams of paradime thylaminobenzaldehydes to be dissolved in the there-necked flask filling 30mL dehydrated alcohol, molten After solving completely, being heated to reflux, temperature is set to 78 DEG C, in reflux course, is slowly added dropwise 5.5mL in there-necked flask Bromotetradecane, until dripping complete, after reacting 48 hours, prepare blackish green grease be p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine base ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde；This product heats is dissolved in ethanol, cooling, layering, Separatory, discards upper strata and contains the ethanol of the complete bromotetradecane of unreacted, and lower floor is p-(N, N, the N-tetradecane Base ditallowdimethyl ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde；Take this product heats to dissolve in ethanol, add the hydrazine hydrate of 0.34 gram Condensation reaction occurs, and at 70 DEG C, back flow reaction is after 12 hours, cools down half an hour, separates out precipitation, filters, By washing with alcohol, being dried, prepared dark red solid is two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio bromine Change ammonium) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent.
(2) two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) prepared by step (1) is weighed Contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent, is dissolved in the 6mol/L KOH solution containing saturated ZnO, make two-and (p- (N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent is in the solution Concentration is 0.7mmol/L, is sufficiently mixed, and i.e. prepares containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio Ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent.
The electrolyte of the present invention is assembled into simulation alkali zinc nickel battery, contrasts with blank experiment, and result shows, Add two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agents Can significantly improve the performance of battery, during first and repeatedly charge and discharge cycles, the decay of battery capacity is bright Aobvious slack-off, tested by SEM, with the addition of two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) Benzaldehyde) the dendrite growing amount of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent is relatively fewer, and paste spread type zinc electrode surface is more Smooth, that the present invention prepares two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines Gemini surface active agent had not only contained Containing Schiff-bases coordinating group, but also the hydrophilic group containing surfactant and parent The structure of oil base group, adds a small amount of this Gemini surface active agent in the electrolytic solution, and absorption is at electrode surface Having geometry blanketing effect, especially than other traditional surfactant, Gemini surface active agent can be more Good absorption, on metallic zinc surface, forms one layer of fine and close hydrophobic adsorbent film, slow down corrosive liquid to zinc electrode Corrosion, the sedimentation rate of the zinc ion that slows down, the growth of dendrite inhibition, decrease zincic acid in charge and discharge process The deposition of salt, prevents zinc to deform, and prevents from forming the oxide-film of densification in charging process and causing zinc simultaneously Passivation, thus effectively suppress corrosion and the growth of dendrite, deformation, the passivation of zinc electrode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is prepared containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) The process chart of the electrolyte of contracting hydrazine.
Fig. 2 is containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzene first in the embodiment of the present invention Aldehyde) the alkali zinc nickel battery and the blank battery that assemble of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte Impulse electricity curve first.It can be seen that paste spread type zinc electrode and the alkaline battery chargin level of nickel electrode composition Platform is at 1.5V～1.8V, and discharge platform potential difference between 1.5V～1.75V, discharge and recharge is less, it is seen that electricity Pond has preferable reversibility.Under equal conditions, with the addition of prepared by the embodiment of the present invention containing two-(p- (N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte with Being not added with the contrast of Gemini surface active agent blank group, after adding D3, alkali zinc nickel battery has longer electric discharge Time, show D3 prepared by inventive embodiments to zinc electrode burn into dendrite in the basic conditions, deformation, Zinc migrates, and has good inhibiting effect, and with blank electrolysis liquor ratio relatively, this paste spread type zinc electrode has relatively High discharge capacity.
Fig. 3 is containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzene first in the embodiment of the present invention Aldehyde) the alkali zinc nickel battery and the blank battery that assemble of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte Repeatedly charging and discharging curve figure.It can be seen that in 30 charge and discharge process of simulation alkali zinc nickel battery, Battery capacity is the most stable.Add the embodiment of the present invention prepare containing two-(p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine Amino ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte be not added with Gemini surface active agent Blank group contrast, after adding D3, battery capacity increases, the increased frequency of circulation, and cycle performance of battery is preferable, This is because the corrosion that D3 is to zinc electrode, dendrite, passivation etc. has good inhibiting effect, can be largely Extend service life and the cycle-index of battery.
Fig. 4 is battery scanning of zinc metal sheet after repeatedly discharge and recharge prepared by embodiment of the present invention empty electrolyte Electronic Speculum figure.
Fig. 5 is containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzene first in the embodiment of the present invention Aldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte assemble alkali zinc nickel battery zinc after repeatedly discharge and recharge The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of sheet.
From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, after blank experiment group carries out repeatedly discharge and recharge, paste spread type zinc electrode surface All having dendrite to generate, but the dendrite growing amount that with the addition of D3 is relatively fewer, paste spread type zinc electrode surface is the most flat Whole, illustrate effectively to inhibit at paste spread type zinc electrode Surface Creation dendrite.
Detailed description of the invention
It is further elucidated with the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but embodiment is not limiting as the protection of the present invention Scope.
Embodiment:
(1) weigh 2 grams of paradime thylaminobenzaldehydes to be dissolved in the there-necked flask filling 30mL dehydrated alcohol, molten After solving completely, being heated to reflux, temperature is set to 78 DEG C, in reflux course, is slowly added dropwise 5.5mL in there-necked flask Bromotetradecane, until dripping complete, after reacting 48 hours, prepare blackish green grease be p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine base ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde；This product heats is dissolved in ethanol, cooling, layering, Separatory, discards upper strata and contains the ethanol of the complete bromotetradecane of unreacted, and lower floor is p-(N, N, the N-tetradecane Base ditallowdimethyl ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde；Take this product heats to dissolve in ethanol, add the hydrazine hydrate of 0.34 gram Condensation reaction occurs, and at 70 DEG C, back flow reaction is after 12 hours, cools down half an hour, separates out precipitation, filters, By washing with alcohol, being dried, prepared dark red solid is two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio bromine Change ammonium) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent.
(2) two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) prepared by step (1) is weighed Contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent, is dissolved in the 6mol/L KOH solution containing saturated ZnO, make two-and (p- (N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent is in the solution Concentration is 0.7mmol/L, is sufficiently mixed, and i.e. prepares containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio Ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (being designated as D3).
Live in above-mentioned two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Shuangzi surfaces The structural formula of property agent is:
The alkaline zinc cell electrolyte preparing the present embodiment carries out performance measuring and evaluating, contrasts with blank experiment, tool Body is as follows:
First the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte prepared by the present embodiment is assembled into simulation alkali zinc nickel battery, passes through Mensuration battery charging and discharging curve and repeatedly charge/discharge capacity change curve, to evaluate the comprehensive of above-mentioned electrolyte Energy.During experiment, paste spread type zinc electrode is as negative pole (area is 1 × 3cm), and nickel is positive pole, positive and negative electrode Area ratio is 1:3, and separates with hydrocellulose membrane, it is to avoid both positive and negative polarity contact in experimentation.Charging interval Being 2 hours, charging current is set as 30mA, and discharge current is 15mA, and final discharging voltage is 1V, Carry out 1 charge and discharge cycles, with discharge voltage, discharge time is mapped, obtain battery charging and discharging curve, such as Fig. 2 Shown in.Charging interval is 2 hours, and charging current is set as 30mA, and discharge current is 15mA, and electric discharge is eventually Only voltage is 1V, carries out 30 charge and discharge cycles, maps charge and discharge cycles number of times by discharge capacity, Repeatedly charge/discharge capacity change curve, as shown in Figure 3.Secondly the painting after repeatedly discharge and recharge is tested will have been carried out Cream formula electrode takes out, and dries.SEM is utilized the pattern of each Paste electrodes to be observed, such as Fig. 4 and Tu Shown in 5, wherein Fig. 4 is battery Paste electrodes surface after repeatedly discharge and recharge prepared by blank electrolysis liquid SEM schemes, and Fig. 5 is that the present embodiment contains two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzene first Aldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent (D3) electrolyte assemble alkali zinc nickel battery be coated with after repeatedly discharge and recharge The SEM figure of cream formula electrode surface.Test condition is: Paste electrodes size is 1 × 1cm, times magnification Rate is 5000 times, and accelerating potential is set to 12kV.

Claims (2)

1. the electricity containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines Solve liquid, it is characterised in that this contains two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting The electrolyte of hydrazine is by two that concentration is 0.7mmol/L-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) Benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent and concentration is the KOH solution composition that 6mol/L contains saturated ZnO；
Live in described two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Shuangzi surfaces The structural formula of property agent is:
2. prepare as claimed in claim 1 containing a two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio bromine Change ammonium) benzaldehyde) method of electrolyte of contracting hydrazine, it is characterised in that concretely comprise the following steps:
(1) weigh 2 grams of paradime thylaminobenzaldehydes to be dissolved in the there-necked flask filling 30mL dehydrated alcohol, molten After solving completely, being heated to reflux, temperature is set to 78 DEG C, in reflux course, is slowly added dropwise 5.5mL in there-necked flask Bromotetradecane, until dripping complete, after reacting 48 hours, prepare blackish green grease be p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine base ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde；P-(N, N, the N-dodecyldimethylamine untreated by this Base ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde heating for dissolving in ethanol, cooling, layering, separatory, discard upper strata containing unreacted The ethanol of complete bromotetradecane, lower floor is p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine base ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde； Take p-(N, N, N-dodecyldimethylamine base ammonium bromide) the benzaldehyde heating for dissolving after this process in ethanol, Adding the hydrazine hydrate generation condensation reaction of 0.34 gram, at 70 DEG C, back flow reaction is after 12 hours, and cooling half is little Time, separating out precipitation, filter, by washing with alcohol, be dried, prepared dark red solid is two-(p-(N, N, N- Tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent；
(2) two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) prepared by step (1) is weighed Contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent, is dissolved in the 6mol/L KOH solution containing saturated ZnO, make two-and (p- (N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent is in the solution Concentration is 0.7mmol/L, is sufficiently mixed, and i.e. prepares containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio Ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) the alkaline zinc cell electrolyte of contracting hydrazine Gemini surface active agent.
CN201410464738.3A 2014-09-07 2014-09-07 Electrolyte and preparation method containing two-(p-(N, N, N-tetradecyldimethylammonio ammonium bromide) benzaldehyde) contracting hydrazines Active CN104241709B (en)

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