CN104238594A - Temperature control and test system and method for fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell temperature control and testing system, which includes a fuel cell, two water cavities, a constant temperature water tank, two collector plates, several temperature sensors, several semiconductor refrigeration devices, a driving circuit, a reversing circuit, a temperature A controller and a data acquisition system; the invention also discloses a fuel cell temperature control and testing method. The invention can uniformly distribute the surface temperature of the fuel cell, shorten the response time of temperature control, and widen the temperature control range.

Description

A fuel cell temperature control and testing system and method

technical field

The invention relates to a temperature control and test system and method, in particular to a fuel cell temperature control and test system and method.

Background technique

In the fields of fuel cells, energy and electronics, it is necessary to achieve precise temperature control of components, fast temperature control range, and fast temperature response. Taking fuel cells as an example, the thermal management of fuel cells is one of the important issues affecting their engineering applications. One of the main tasks of battery thermal management is temperature control. The commonly used methods or means of battery temperature control are: heating rod (pad), air cooling, circulating water and constant temperature box. The main disadvantages of the above methods are: the temperature control method of the fuel cell is mostly a convective heat transfer method, and the temperature distribution is uneven, which makes the repeatability of the battery test poor; Research on the characteristics; the controllable temperature range of the fuel cell is narrow, and the low temperature cold start test of the fuel cell cannot be realized.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a fuel cell temperature control and testing system and method, which can make the surface temperature of the fuel cell uniformly distributed and shorten the response time of temperature control. Widen the temperature control range.

In order to achieve the above object, the temperature control and testing system of the fuel cell of the present invention includes a fuel cell, two water chambers, a constant temperature water tank, two collector plates, several temperature sensors, several semiconductor refrigeration devices, a drive circuit, a commutation Circuit, temperature controller and data acquisition system;

The two collector plates are located between the two water chambers, and the two collector plates and the two water chambers are fixedly connected. The fuel cell is clamped between the two collector plates, and the semiconductor refrigeration devices are evenly distributed in the two collector plates. In the flow plate, there are water inlets and outlets on the two water chambers. The water outlet of the constant temperature water tank is connected with the water inlet of the first water chamber, and the water outlet of the first water chamber is connected with the water outlet of the second water chamber. The water inlet is connected, the water outlet of the second water chamber is connected with the water inlet of the constant temperature water tank, and several temperature measuring holes are opened on the two collector plates, and the temperature sensor is located in the temperature measuring hole;

The output end of each temperature sensor is connected with the input end of the data acquisition system, the output end of the data acquisition system is connected with the input end of the temperature controller, the output end of the temperature controller is connected with the control end of the reversing circuit, and the reversing circuit The output end of the circuit is connected with the input end of the drive circuit, and the output end of the drive circuit is connected with the control ends of each semiconductor refrigeration device.

The number of the semiconductor refrigeration devices is eight, and four semiconductor refrigeration devices are uniformly arranged in each collector plate;

The number of temperature measuring holes on each collector plate is sixteen, each collector plate is evenly divided into four areas, four semiconductor refrigeration devices are located in different areas, and each area has four temperature sensor.

There are threaded holes on the two collecting plates and the two water chambers, and the bolts pass through the threaded holes on the first water chamber, the threaded holes on the first collecting plate, and the threaded holes on the second collecting plate. The threaded holes and the threaded holes on the second water cavity connect the two collecting plates and the two water cavities fixedly.

The output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the input end of the data acquisition system through wires, and a sensor outlet groove is opened on the side of the collector plate, and the wire is embedded in the sensor outlet groove.

The water outlet of the constant temperature water tank is connected with the water inlet of the first water chamber through a water pump.

The temperature controller is a PID controller.

The temperature control and testing method of the fuel cell of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Each temperature sensor detects the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell in real time, and the data acquisition system acquires the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell detected by each temperature sensor, and then forwards the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell to the temperature controller. The controller obtains the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell in contact with each area according to the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell. When the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell in contact with any area is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the first A control signal, and then input the first control signal into the commutation circuit, and the commutation circuit controls the direction of the current input into the drive circuit according to the first control signal, so that the drive circuit drives the pair of semiconductor refrigeration devices The surface of the fuel cell in contact with this area is cooled; when the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell in contact with any area is less than or equal to a preset threshold, a second control signal is generated, and the second control The signal is input into the commutation circuit, and the commutation circuit controls the direction of the current input into the driving circuit according to the second control signal, so that the driving circuit drives the semiconductor refrigeration device to perform cooling on the surface of the fuel cell in contact with this area. heat up;

At the same time, the water in the constant temperature water tank enters the first water chamber through the water inlet of the first water chamber to realize the cooling of the semiconductor refrigeration devices in the first collector plate, and the water in the first water chamber passes through the The water outlet of the first water chamber and the water inlet of the second water chamber enter the second water chamber to cool down the semiconductor refrigeration devices in the second collector plate, and then pass through the second water chamber The water outlet of the cavity enters the constant temperature water tank.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the fuel cell temperature control and testing system and method of the present invention, in the process of controlling the surface temperature of the fuel cell, the temperature information of each position on the surface of the fuel cell is first detected in real time by a temperature sensor, and then the temperature information of each position on the surface of the fuel cell is detected. The temperature information of the fuel cell is forwarded to the temperature controller through the data acquisition system. The temperature controller obtains the average temperature of the fuel cell surface in contact with each area according to the temperature information of each position on the fuel cell surface. When the fuel cell in contact with any area When the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell is not within the preset range, the corresponding semiconductor refrigeration device in this area is driven by the commutation circuit and the drive circuit to adjust the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell in contact with this area, so as to realize the control of the surface of the fuel cell. Temperature control shortens the response time of temperature control and broadens the range of temperature control. In addition, the semiconductor refrigeration devices are evenly distributed in the two collector plates, so that the surface temperature of the fuel cell can be effectively distributed evenly.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of water cavity 5 in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of current collecting plate 4 in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the heating and cooling effects of the fuel cell 2 by the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a response time graph of the present invention to temperature disturbance.

Among them, 1 is a temperature sensor, 2 is a fuel cell, 3 is a semiconductor refrigeration device, 4 is a collector plate, 5 is a water chamber, 6 is a driving circuit, 7 is a commutation circuit, 8 is a data acquisition system, and 9 is a temperature control Device, 10 is a constant temperature water tank, 11 is the water inlet of the water chamber, 12 is the water outlet of the water chamber, 13 is a threaded hole, 14 is a temperature measuring hole, and 15 is a sensor outlet slot.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the temperature control and testing system of the fuel cell according to the present invention comprises a fuel cell 2, two water chambers 5, a constant temperature water tank 10, two collector plates 4, several temperature sensors 1, Several semiconductor refrigeration devices 3, drive circuit 6, reversing circuit 7, temperature controller 9 and data acquisition system 8; two collector plates 4 are located between two water chambers 5, and two collector plates 4 and two The water cavity 5 is fixedly connected, the fuel cell 2 is clamped between the two collector plates 4, the semiconductor refrigeration devices 3 are evenly distributed in the two collector plates 4, and the two water chambers 5 are provided with water inlets 11 and The water outlet 12, the water outlet of the constant temperature water tank 10 is connected with the water inlet 11 of the first water chamber 5, the water outlet 12 of the first water chamber 5 is connected with the water inlet 11 of the second water chamber 5, the second The water outlet 12 of each water chamber 5 is connected with the water inlet of the constant temperature water tank 10, and several temperature measuring holes 14 are all opened on the two collecting plates 4, and the temperature sensor 1 is located in the temperature measuring hole 14; each temperature sensor 1 The output end of the data acquisition system 8 is connected with the input end of the data acquisition system 8, the output end of the data acquisition system 8 is connected with the input end of the temperature controller 9, and the output end of the temperature controller 9 is connected with the control end of the commutation circuit 7, The output end of the commutation circuit 7 is connected with the input end of the driving circuit 6 , and the output end of the driving circuit 6 is connected with the control ends of each semiconductor refrigeration device 3 .

It should be noted that the number of semiconductor refrigeration devices 3 is eight, and four semiconductor refrigeration devices 3 are uniformly arranged in each collector plate 4; the number of temperature measuring holes 14 on each collector plate 4 is Sixteen, each collector plate 4 is evenly divided into four areas, four semiconductor refrigeration devices 3 are located in different areas, and each area has four temperature sensors 1, two collector plates 4 and two Each water chamber 5 is provided with threaded holes 13, and the bolts pass through the threaded holes 13 on the first water chamber 5, the threaded holes 13 on the first collector plate 4, and the threaded holes 13 on the second collector plate 4. The threaded hole 13 and the threaded hole 13 on the second water chamber 5 are fixedly connected to the two collector plates 4 and the two water chambers 5, and the output end of the temperature sensor 1 is connected to the input end of the data acquisition system 8 through a wire. The side of the collector plate 4 is provided with a sensor outlet groove 15, and the wire is embedded in the sensor outlet groove 15. The water outlet of the constant temperature water tank 10 is connected with the water inlet 11 of the first water chamber 5 through a water pump, and the temperature The controller 9 is a PID controller.

The temperature control and testing method of the fuel cell of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Each temperature sensor 1 detects the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell 2 in real time, and the data acquisition system 8 obtains the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell 2 detected by each temperature sensor 1, and then forwards the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell 2 to In the temperature controller 9, the temperature controller 9 obtains the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell 2 in contact with each region according to the temperature information of different positions of the fuel cell 2. When the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell 2 in contact with any region is greater than or when it is equal to the preset threshold value, a first control signal is generated, and then the first control signal is input into the commutation circuit 7, and the commutation circuit 7 controls the input to the drive circuit 6 according to the first control signal. The direction of the current makes the drive circuit 6 drive the semiconductor refrigeration device 3 to cool down the surface of the fuel cell 2 in contact with this area; when the average temperature of the surface of the fuel cell 2 in contact with any area is less than or equal to the preset When the threshold value is reached, a second control signal is generated, and the second control signal is input into the commutation circuit 7, and the commutation circuit 7 controls the direction of the current input to the drive circuit 6 according to the second control signal, Make the driving circuit 6 drive the semiconductor refrigeration device 3 to heat up the surface of the fuel cell 2 in contact with this area;

Simultaneously, the water in the constant-temperature water tank 10 enters the first water chamber 5 through the water inlet 11 of the first water chamber 5, and realizes that each semiconductor refrigeration device 3 in the first collector plate 4 is cooled down. The water in the cavity 5 enters into the second water cavity 5 through the water outlet 12 of the first water cavity 5 and the water inlet 11 of the second water cavity 5 in turn, so as to realize the control of each of the second collector plate 4 The semiconductor refrigeration device 3 cools down, and then enters the constant temperature water tank 10 through the water outlet 12 of the second water chamber 5 .

The present invention has following characteristics:

1) A feedback mechanism of temperature information is used to realize the automatic adjustment of the surface temperature of the fuel cell 2; 2) Four semiconductor refrigeration devices 3 (TEC112706) are evenly arranged in the collector plate 4, and its size is 40×40×4mm, and its The temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end can be 67°C; 3) The water chamber 5, the collector plate 4 and the fuel cell 2 are compressed into a whole by bolts, and the temperature test and temperature control system is compact; 4) The temperature test system is accurate High temperature, uniform temperature control, fast response, can be used for experimental research on battery cold start and dynamic characteristics.

The experimental results of the present invention are shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Table 1. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the heating and cooling effects of the battery using this system. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that both the heating and cooling of the fuel cell 2 can be completed within 1 to 2 minutes. If conventional temperature control methods are used, such as heating rods, the temperature control time will take 2 to 3 hours. It can be seen that this system can significantly increase the temperature control speed. FIG. 5 shows the temperature response of the other end of the fuel cell 2 under the control of the system when the temperature control area at one end of the fuel cell 2 is subjected to a continuous disturbance of 2°C. The temperature response time indicates the speed of the temperature control facility's ability to regulate the uneven temperature distribution inside the battery. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the temperature response time is within 200 seconds; Table 1 shows the battery surface temperature distribution obtained by using this system, from Table 1 1 It can be seen that the maximum non-uniformity of temperature is 0.66°C.

Table 1

From the above analysis, it can be seen that the present invention utilizes the Peltier effect of semiconductor materials to accurately control the uniform distribution of battery surface temperature, shorten the response time of temperature control, and widen the temperature control range. The water chamber 5 has only one inlet and one outlet, which ensures that no leakage occurs during use to the greatest extent. In addition, the manufacturing process of the present invention is simple, and other key components, such as the temperature controller 9, the temperature sensor 1 and the data acquisition system 8, can be purchased directly.

Claims (7)

1. the temperature of a fuel cell controls and test macro, it is characterized in that, comprise fuel cell (2), two water cavities (5), Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10), two collector plate (4), some temperature sensors (1), some semiconductor cooling devices (3), driving circuit (6), commutating circuit (7), temperature controller (9) and data acquisition system (DAS)s (8);

Two collector plate (4) are positioned between two water cavities (5), and two collector plate (4) and two water cavities (5) are fixedly connected with, fuel cell (2) is held between two collector plate (4), each semiconductor cooling device (3) is uniformly distributed in two collector plate (4), two water cavities (5) are equipped with water inlet (11) and water delivering orifice (12), the water delivering orifice of Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10) is connected with the water inlet (11) of first water cavity (5), the water delivering orifice (12) of first water cavity (5) is connected with the water inlet (11) of second water cavity (5), the water delivering orifice (12) of second water cavity (5) is connected with the water inlet of Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10), two collector plate (4) all offer some thermometer holes (14), temperature sensor (1) is positioned at described thermometer hole (14),

The output terminal of each temperature sensor (1) is connected with the input end of data acquisition system (DAS) (8), the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) (8) is connected with the input end of temperature controller (9), the output terminal of temperature controller (9) is connected with the control end of commutating circuit (7), the output terminal of commutating circuit (7) is connected with the input end of driving circuit (6), and the output terminal of driving circuit (6) is connected with the control end of each semiconductor cooling device (3).

2. the temperature of fuel cell according to claim 1 controls and test macro, it is characterized in that,

The quantity of described semiconductor cooling device (3) is eight, is evenly provided with four semiconductor cooling devices (3) in each collector plate (4);

The quantity of the thermometer hole (14) in each collector plate (4) is 16, each collector plate (4) is evenly divided into four regions, four semiconductor cooling devices (3) are positioned at different regions, and all have four temperature sensors (1) in each region.

3. the temperature of fuel cell according to claim 1 controls and test macro, it is characterized in that, two collector plate (4) and two water cavities (5) all offer threaded hole (13), and two collector plate (4) and two water cavities (5) are fixedly connected with by the threaded hole (13) on the threaded hole (13) on screw bolt passes first water cavity (5), the threaded hole (13) on first collector plate (4), second collector plate (4) and the threaded hole (13) on second water cavity (5).

4. the temperature of fuel cell according to claim 1 controls and test macro, it is characterized in that, the output terminal of described temperature sensor (1) is connected by wire with the input end of data acquisition system (DAS) (8), the side opening of collector plate (4) is provided with sensor line outlet groove (15), and wire is embedded in described sensor line outlet groove (15).

5. the temperature of fuel cell according to claim 1 controls and test macro, it is characterized in that, is connected between the water delivering orifice of described Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10) and the water inlet (11) of first water cavity (5) by water pump.

6. the temperature of fuel cell according to claim 1 controls and test macro, and it is characterized in that, described temperature controller (9) is PID controller.

7. the temperature of fuel cell controls and a method of testing, it is characterized in that, the temperature based on fuel cell according to claim 2 controls and test macro, comprises the following steps:

1) each temperature sensor (1) detects the temperature information of fuel cell (2) diverse location in real time, data acquisition system (DAS) (8) obtains the temperature information of fuel cell (2) diverse location that each temperature sensor (1) detects, then the temperature information of described fuel cell (2) diverse location is forwarded in temperature controller (9), the medial temperature on fuel cell (2) surface that the temperature information of temperature controller (9) fuel cell (2) diverse location must contact with each region, when the medial temperature on fuel cell (2) surface contacted with any one region is more than or equal to pre-set threshold value, then produce the first control signal, then described first control signal is input in commutating circuit (7), commutating circuit (7) according to described first control signal control inputs to the sense of current in driving circuit (6), driving circuit (6) is made to drive the surface of described semiconductor cooling device (3) to the fuel cell (2) contacted with this region to lower the temperature, when the medial temperature on fuel cell (2) surface contacted with any one region is less than or equal to pre-set threshold value, then produce the second control signal, and described second control signal is input in commutating circuit (7), commutating circuit (7) to the sense of current in driving circuit (6), makes driving circuit (6) drive the surface of described semiconductor cooling device (3) to the fuel cell (2) contacted with this region to heat up according to described second control signal control inputs,

Water simultaneously in Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10) enters in first water cavity (5) through the water inlet (11) of first water cavity (5), realize lowering the temperature to each semiconductor cooling device (3) in first collector plate (4), water in first water cavity (5) enters into second water cavity (5) through the water delivering orifice (12) of first water cavity (5) and the water inlet (11) of second water cavity (5) successively, realize lowering the temperature to each semiconductor cooling device (3) in second collector plate (4), and then enter into Water Tank with Temp.-controlled (10) through the water delivering orifice (12) of second water cavity (5).