CN104237021B - A kind of concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing applying twin shaft active force and device - Google Patents
A kind of concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing applying twin shaft active force and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104237021B CN104237021B CN201410469587.0A CN201410469587A CN104237021B CN 104237021 B CN104237021 B CN 104237021B CN 201410469587 A CN201410469587 A CN 201410469587A CN 104237021 B CN104237021 B CN 104237021B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing applying twin shaft active force, it is: make the component of water flowing pressure, it is fixed together with square concrete mould, casting concrete in a mold, vibrate, maintenance, then remove mould, the component of water flowing pressure is stayed in concrete, forms crack and provide the passage of water flowing pressure in crack in concrete sample.On concrete sample, the twin shaft active force set is applied by twin shaft experimental machine；Hydraulic pressure is applied, until making test specimen be split to concrete sample inside via the component of water flowing pressure；Hydraulic pressure during record test specimen splitting.The present invention also provides for the device in the method.The inventive method and the device wherein used are simple, and the concrete sample of preparation meets requirement of experiment, can be used for studying the hydraulic fracture problem of concrete component under biaxial stress state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to paddle the simulating experiment technique field of concrete structure, it is provided that in a kind of simulation concrete crack
The method of fracture propagation when having hydraulic pressure effect, the method can apply twin shaft active force on concrete component.It is applicable to research
Mechanism and rule that the crack paddled on xoncrete structure under complicated biaxial stress state extends under hydraulic pressure effect it can also be used to
Explore the method reducing this extension.The present invention also provides for the device used in described experimental technique.
Background technology
Concrete is a kind of important construction material, and in national basis Facilities Construction, great majority are concrete structure.So
And concrete has a feature the most easily to produce crack, although in buildings in general, concrete is with seam still can normal work
Make, but the crack of concrete structure of paddling can be full of water pressure, if crack extends under effect of water pressure, will threaten and build
Build the safety of thing.Such as, xoncrete structure in the engineering of deep-sea, high concrete gravity dam, high concrete arch dam etc., its crack exists
If it occur that seriously extend under high hydraulic pressure effect, will destroy the continuity of structure, the gluing between reduction concrete, causes and builds significantly
Build thing and lose its design function, even cause permeable, the serious accident such as break down.
At present, existing scholar uses concrete wedge shape splitting test specimen and the cylindrical concrete sample waterpower to concrete
Splitting problem is studied.But these experimental techniques can only imitation specimen not by pre-add active force or only by pre-add single shaft effect
During power, the problem that crack cleaves under pressure water action, can't imitation specimen by twin shaft pre-add active force time, the waterpower in crack
Splitting problem.Concrete structure of paddling in Practical Project, if the crack on its upstream face does not consider fracture extension impact
The least depth direction, then crack is in a two dimensional surface space, be necessarily in planar complex stress condition it
Under (both biaxial stress states).Therefore, the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment applying twin shaft active force is carried out in research, will
The more engineering state of closing to reality, contributes to studying further the hydraulic fracture problem of concrete component.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to improve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of concrete structure applying twin shaft active force
Part hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide making device used by test specimen in a kind of above-mentioned experimental design method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Originally the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing that can apply twin shaft active force comprises the steps:
Step one: make the component of a set of water flowing pressure, for forming crack and providing in crack in concrete sample
The passage of water flowing pressure；The component of described water flowing pressure is fixed together with square concrete mould；
Step 2: casting concrete in the mold, after vibrating, curing concrete is to initial set, then by described mould
Tool is removed, and the component of water flowing pressure then can be stayed in concrete；The device of test water flowing pressure is the most unimpeded, if test is not smooth,
Return step one, or the concrete around the component of water flowing pressure is removed, the component of dredging water flowing pressure, re-start in mould
Pour into a mould concrete, vibrate and maintenance processes re-test；If testing unimpeded, the entery and delivery port of the component of water flowing pressure being sealed and protects
Protect, continue maintenance to setting age, such as 7 days, 28 days, 90 days etc.；
Step 3: the concrete sample after maintenance is arranged in twin shaft experimental machine, by twin shaft experimental machine at concrete
The twin shaft active force set is applied on test specimen；
Step 4: apply hydraulic pressure, until making described test specimen be split to concrete sample inside via the component of water flowing pressure
Split；
Hydraulic pressure during record test specimen splitting.
When preparation is with the concrete sample of the component of water flowing pressure, also need with the concreting coming from same mixer
The conventional test specimen of some test mechanical performance of concrete, for measuring the mechanics parameters such as the tensile strength of concrete, compression strength.
These conventional test specimens should be identical with the maintenance at identical conditions of the concrete sample described in step 2 time.Described mechanics
The mensuration of parameter should carried out on the same day with step 4.The parameter recorded will be used for concrete described in further analytical procedure four
The mechanism of test specimen generation hydraulic fracture and rule.
In described step 3, when the concrete sample after maintenance is arranged in twin shaft experimental machine, if twin shaft to be passed through
Experimental machine applies pulling force on concrete sample, then should use adhesive that test specimen is bonding with the power arm of experimental machine.
In order to eliminate the contining function that concrete sample is deformed by experimental machine, can between test specimen and experimental machine single raise steel
Brush.Such as, this steel brush is connected by adhering method.Described adhering method is specifically, on a face of square concrete test specimen
Brushing adhesive stick constitutes coated face, such as epoxy resin, and steel brush is had the one side of bristle and the described gluing of concrete sample
Face is mutually bonded；Then brushing adhesive stick on another face of described steel brush, by end face and the steel brush of the power arm of experimental machine
Described coated face be mutually bonded.
Making the component of a set of described water flowing pressure in described step one, its concrete preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) two root length degree, internal diameter, copper pipe that external diameter is the most identical are prepared；
For the ease of statement, at this by two described copper pipes named " copper pipe A " and " copper pipe B ", and by described copper pipe A's
One end named " a end of the copper pipe A " other end named " the b end of copper pipe A ", similar name is also done at the two ends of described copper pipe B,
It is respectively designated as " a end of copper pipe B " and " the b end of copper pipe B "；
(2) hole on the sidewall of the copper pipe A of a end one setpoint distance such as 45 ~ 50mm leaving copper pipe A, drilling depth
Require to penetrate the pipe thickness of copper pipe A, then a end seal of copper pipe A is closed；For copper pipe B, leaving a end 0 ~ 5mm of copper pipe B
Holing on the sidewall of the copper pipe B of distance, drilling depth requires to penetrate the pipe thickness of copper pipe B；
(3) stick together parallel with copper pipe B for copper pipe A, a end of two copper pipes in same one end, a end pair in the longitudinal direction
Together, a section from a end, two copper pipes are fixed together side by side, and on described boring on copper pipe A sidewall and copper pipe B sidewall
Described boring, mutually leans against, and is directed to outside；
(4) it is also prepared for a foursquare framework, and is fixed on a end of described copper pipe A and copper pipe B, the institute on two copper pipes
State within boring is respectively positioned on this framework；
(5) an elastic packing bag is prepared again；Described elastic packing bag is overlapped on said frame, and by elastic packing bag
Opening tighten and constitute confined space；
One end that (6) two copper pipes are fixed side by side is positioned at described square concrete mould, and the b port of two copper pipes is at concrete
Outside mould, the b port of two copper pipes connects with described confined space.
It is 2mm that described copper pipe is preferably its internal diameter, and external diameter is the thin copper pipe of 4mm.
The described foursquare length of side of described framework can be 50mm.
Described framework can be made by the iron wire of a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1.0mm.
Described elastic packing bag can be balloon, the most rounded under non-expansion state.Described elastic packing bag
Diameter can be 30 ~ 50mm.Described elastic packing bag wall thickness can be 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.Described mould typically have a size of 150 ×
150×150mm。
Described elastic packing bag is overlapped on said frame, and the opening of elastic packing bag is such as tightened with copper wire, by
Elastic packing bag that square frame supports stays inside concrete in the future, defines the crack of inside concrete, and example
Such as the rubber made of soft of elastic packing bag, can be extruded when pouring into a mould concrete, the crack formed almost without aperture,
This crack form is closer to the distress in concrete in true engineering.Owing to elastic packing bag such as balloon has also encased copper pipe A
With two borings on copper pipe B sidewall, therefore, the crack of described inside concrete can be by copper pipe A and copper pipe B and extraneous connection
Logical.
Being fixed together with square concrete mould by the component of a set of water flowing pressure in described step one, it is specifically installed
Method comprises the steps:
Step A: the opening at concrete mold is provided with a fixture, the component of described water flowing pressure is fixed on this fixture
On so that the component of described water flowing pressure is fixed in described concrete mold, and the component of described water flowing pressure is positioned at described concrete
The centre position of mould, and square frame therein is parallel to the side wall surface of mould, described framework can also be to be not parallel to
The side wall surface of mould.
Concrete, described fixture is made up of two brandreths, and in two described brandreths, one of them brandreth A length is more than institute
Stating the opening corresponding size of mould, its two ends are the most connected with mould, and another brandreth B length is shorter, itself and described frame
The length of frame matches；Brandreth B is removably attached on brandreth A, the side contacted at least one of brandreth A and brandreth B
On groove is set, two pipes in the component of described water flowing pressure are placed in described groove, fixing brandreth B and brandreth A, the most in fact
Existing described fixture is fixing to the component of described water flowing pressure.
Further, described brandreth A may is that the described brandreth A opening across described mould with the fixed structure of mould,
One end of described brandreth A is screwed in the midpoint on a limit of described mould openings, and the other end of described brandreth A is then used
Screw is fixed on the midpoint on another relative limit.
In step, brandreth B and brandreth A, by before clamping for the component of water flowing pressure, should adjust the component of water flowing pressure by clamping
Position to a suitable place, so that the component of water flowing pressure is to be mounted with that one end entrance of described square frame is described
The inside of concrete mold, and described square frame is positioned at the center of described mould, and described square frame is parallel to
The side wall surface of described mould.
The concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing of the applied twin shaft active force that the present invention provides is made
Make the device of test specimen, including a square dies, a fixture and the component of a set of water flowing pressure；
The component of described water flowing pressure, it includes a two-dimensional framework being sized, arranges elasticity outside this two-dimensional framework
Sealing bag and constitute a confined space, one end of two tubes is plugged in this confined space hermetically, and two tubes is plugged in this
Being respectively provided with a hole on pipeline section in confined space, the hole of two pipeline sections is separately positioned on bottom and the top in this sealing space,
As exclusive communication confined space and the extraneous through hole of two pipes, the pipe of bottom apertured is water inlet pipe, top apertured
Pipe is outlet pipe；
Described mould is an open-topped container of square, and inside dimension is 150 × 150 × 150mm；
Described fixture is arranged on the described opening of described mould, clamps the two tubes in the component of described water flowing pressure,
Described confined space is placed in mould, and two tubes stretches out and is fixed on described mould in the other places of mould so that institute
State the component of water flowing pressure in a mold between position.
Preferably, the two tubes in the component of described water flowing pressure is equivalently-sized copper pipe, and two described copper pipes are in institute
State the part within mould to weld together side by side.
Described framework is square frame, and described square frame is fixed on one end of pipe.
More specifically, the centre of described square frame arranges a hack lever again, constitute " day " glyph framework.
Described framework is made up of the iron wire of a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1.0mm.
Preferably, described elastic packing bag is balloon.
The thickness of elastic packing bag is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.The interior caliber of described pipe is preferably 2mm, and outer tube diameter is preferred
For 4mm.
Square frame is entangled by described elastic packing bag, tightens described elastic packing bag opening.
Described fixture is fixed in described square dies by the component of described water flowing pressure and described square frame is parallel to
The side wall surface of described mould, described framework can also be the side wall surface being not parallel to mould.
Preferably, described square mould is one side remaining five face closure uncovered, and inside dimension is 150 × 150 × 150mm
Container.
Preferably, described fixture is made up of two brandreths, and in two brandreths, one of them length is opened more than described mould
Mouth corresponding size, its two ends are the most connected with mould, and another length is shorter, and it matches with the length of described framework,
The middle part of the brandreth longer with length is detachably connected, and the side that brandreth described in two contacts at least one sets groove, for institute
State in the component of water flowing pressure two pipes and be placed in this groove and be clamped fixing.
Specifically, longer described brandreth is screwed in described mould opens across the opening of described mould, its one end
The midpoint on one limit of mouth, its other end is then screwed in the midpoint on another relative limit of described opening.
Shorter described brandreth can be screwed in the middle part of longer described brandreth.
Specifically, described mould is the open containers of 150 × 150 × 150mm, and described framework is the day of the length of side 50 × 50mm
The square frame of font, elastic packing bag is balloon, is set on framework, and two tubes is fixed with framework, and pipe is from balloon
Mouth stretches out, and balloon mouth is tightened sealing, and the pipe stretching out balloon mouth is gripped by two brandreths, and longer brandreth is across fixing
On the opening of mould so that framework is positioned the center of mould.
The concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing of applied twin shaft active force that the present invention provides, can be
Apply the twin shaft active force of various combination, such as Biaxial Compressive pressure, biaxial tension test, twin shaft on concrete sample to draw；Can realize
Logical press water in the crack within concrete sample, until the spilt test that concrete sample is split.By twin shaft is answered
Concrete sample under power state carries out water filling pressurization experiment, it is possible to obtain the crack pressurized in concrete under complex stress condition
Power water effect and there are the hydraulic pressure data of splitting, experimental technique is simple, but can be used for studying concrete under biaxial stress state
The hydraulic fracture problem of component.Further, can be for concrete structure of paddling, such as deep-sea building, High Concrete Dam etc.,
There is provided the reasonable proposal avoiding hydraulic fracture to occur, it is ensured that these concrete structures of paddling are safer and design structure is more closed
Reason.The device used in the described experimental technique that the present invention provides, simple in construction, the concrete sample of preparation meets experiment to be wanted
Ask.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram carrying out applying the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment of Biaxial Compressive pressure active force.
A kind of concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment design applying twin shaft active force that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention
The structural representation of the test specimen producing device used in method.
The side-looking structural representation of the component of the water flowing pressure described in producing device that Fig. 3 provides for the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3.
For fixing the structural representation of the water flowing pressure component fixture to mould in the producing device that Fig. 4 provides for the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 a is the A-A sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 4.
Detailed description of the invention
It is illustrated in figure 1 the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment design applying twin shaft active force that the present invention provides
The schematic diagram of method, the component of a fixed water flowing pressure in the square concrete test specimen 1 of one 150 × 150 × 150mm, its bag
Include the square frame of the sheathed elastic packing bag for constituting a square two dimension crack 2 arranged in concrete sample 1,
In this sheathed square frame of elastic packing bag, stretch out two tubes 3 constitute water filling in crack and apply the logical of hydraulic pressure
Road.In simulated experiment, can apply two-way in the vertical opposite planar of square concrete test specimen 1 and level of relative plane
Set pressure 4, then by pipe 3 water filling in crack 2, until test specimen ruptures.
The concrete component waterpower that can apply twin shaft active force is described below by Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 3 a, Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a
Cleave simulated experiment method for designing and the method equipment therefor and the preparation method of this device.
(1) preparation of concrete sample
Including step one: make the component of a set of water flowing pressure, for forming crack in concrete sample and providing to splitting
The passage of water flowing pressure in seam；The component of described water flowing pressure is fixed together with square concrete mould；
Step 2: casting concrete in the mold, after vibrating, curing concrete is to initial set, then by described mould
Tool is removed, and the component of water flowing pressure then can be stayed in concrete；The device of test water flowing pressure is the most unimpeded, if test is not smooth,
Return step one, or the concrete around the component of water flowing pressure is removed, the component of dredging water flowing pressure, re-start in mould
Pour into a mould concrete, vibrate and maintenance processes re-test；If testing unimpeded, the entery and delivery port of the component of water flowing pressure being sealed and protects
Protect, continue maintenance to setting age；
Specifically, the square concrete sample 1 of preparation 150 × 150 × 150mm, a square is set in the middle of test specimen
Crack 2(is shown in Fig. 1), fracture surface is parallel with the surface of concrete sample, and the size in crack is 50 × 50mm.Experimental principle figure such as figure
Shown in 1.
The device making test specimen includes square dies 8, the structure of a set of water flowing pressure that inside dimension is 150 × 150 × 150mm
Part and fixture, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 3 a, Fig. 4, Fig. 4 a.The component of water flowing pressure includes two thin copper pipes 5,6 and square-shaped frame
Frame 7 and elastic packing bag, specially balloon 11.As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a, fixture includes brandreth 9 and brandreth 16 and bolt
10。
As a specific embodiment, the making of the component of water flowing pressure have following 1. ~ the most individual main points:
1.. preparing two root length degree, internal diameter, thin copper pipe 5,6 that external diameter is the most identical, length is about 200mm, and interior straight warp is 2mm,
Overall diameter is 4mm.Boring 13 on the sidewall leaving thin copper pipe 5 one end 47mm length, uses this port of thin copper pipe 5 the most again
Plug 15 blocks, as shown in Figure 3.Boring 14 on the sidewall leaving thin copper pipe 6 one end 3mm length.By the parallel patch of thin copper pipe 5,6
Being close together, have one end of boring to align, the opening direction of boring 13 and boring 14 is 180 ° of angles, is directed to outside, such as Fig. 3 a
Shown in.Then thin copper pipe 5,6 is welded together.
2.. make the square frame 7 of " day " font of the thin wire of a diameter of 1mm, Outside Dimensions is 50 × 50mm.
Framework 7 is fixed on soldered thin copper pipe 5,6, and fixed position is as it is shown on figure 3, fixed form is welding.
3.. preparing a balloon 11, described balloon should be rounded under non-expansion state, and circular balloon has in practice
Having the adaptability of good square shaped framework, balloon mouth also will not produce the most unnecessary at colligation mouth after tightening.The diameter of balloon
Should be 30 ~ 50mm, balloon wall thickness should be 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.Balloon 11 is enclosed within square frame 7, and the opening of balloon is used
Copper wire 12 is tightened.The balloon 11 that support by square frame 7 stays inside concrete in the future, defines splitting of inside concrete
Stitching 2, and balloon 11 has also encased two borings 13,14 on thin copper pipe, therefore, the crack 2 of inside concrete can be by boring
Hole 13,14 and carefully copper pipe 5,6 and extraneous UNICOM.
Concrete, the making of fixture has following main points:
Fixture is as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a, and it is made up of brandreth 9, brandreth 16 and bolt 10, and the long 200mm of brandreth 9, two ends are each
Being one section of horizontal direction connection thin slice section wide compared with vertical direction, centre is that the clamping wide compared with horizontal direction of one section of vertical direction is thin
Fragment, two connect between thin slice section and clamping thin slice section is tapering transition section.Bolt 10 is worn connecting punching in thin slice section,
(see figure 2) is fixed for two edges relative with the upper opening of mould 8.In clamping thin slice section on the vertical plane of brandreth 9
It is provided with groove corresponding with thin copper pipe 5,6, is positioned at the outside of groove in clamping thin slice section, bolt hole is set.The length of brandreth 16
For 50mm, its shape and the mating shapes of the vertical direction of the clamping thin slice section of brandreth 9, brandreth 16 arranges groove and brandreth
Groove on 9 is corresponding, it is corresponding with the bolt hole that brandreth 9 clamps in thin slice section, by wearing spiral shell in bolt hole to arrange bolt hole
Brandreth 9 and brandreth 16 are connected by bolt 10, and are fastened by the thin copper pipe 5,6 being held in groove.The size of said two brandreth is shown in
Size marking in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a.Brandreth 9, brandreth 16 is made by the size and dimension of Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a.
The component of water flowing pressure, fixture and square dies are installed, as shown in Figure 2.Longer described brandreth 9 is across described mould
Opening, its one end screw 10 is fixed on the midpoint on a limit of described mould 8 opening, and its other end is then solid with bolt 10
It is scheduled on the midpoint on another relative limit of described opening；Shorter described brandreth 16 is fixed on longer described iron by bolt 10
The middle part of frame 9, clamps two copper pipes, during clamping copper pipe, adjusts the component of water flowing pressure by clamping position to
The most local, so that square frame 7 is positioned at the center of mould 8, and square frame 7 is parallel to the side wall surface of mould 8.
By the oilpaper parcel protection of the opening 3 of thin copper pipe 5,6.
In the inner face oiling of mould 8, then in mould 8, fill in concrete.It should be noted that at frame in concrete filling procedure
The both sides equivalent symmetry of frame 7 is filled in, thus reduces the side-thrust to framework 7 as far as possible, reduces the risk that component walks.Concrete waters
After filling, mould 8 is placed on bumper and shakes to concrete surface bleeding.
At cast scene, also prepare the mechanical performance of concrete survey of some routines with the concrete coming from same mixer
Have a try part.
All concrete samples are transported to fog room, at identical conditions maintenance.After one week, carry out form removal.Form removal should
First unload bolt 10, brandreth 9 and brandreth 16 are removed, then remove mould 8.And then, the opening 3 testing thin copper pipe 5,6 is
No can water-in and water-out smoothly.
If test is not smooth, does over again, again make；Or being removed by the concrete around the component of water flowing pressure, dredging is logical
The component of hydraulic pressure, re-starts and pours into a mould concrete in mould, vibrates and maintenance processes re-test.
After determining that water flowing is smooth and easy, by opening 3 oilpaper parcel protection.Continue the age that curing concrete test specimen extremely sets,
Such as 7 days, 28 days, 90 days etc..
(2) experiment installation process
I.e. step 3: the concrete sample after maintenance is arranged in twin shaft experimental machine, by twin shaft experimental machine at coagulation
The twin shaft active force set is applied on soil test specimen.
After being arranged on by concrete sample in twin shaft experimental machine, the opening 3 of copper pipe 6 is selected to be connected with hydraulic pressure pressue device,
As water inlet, another mouth is then as delivery port.Starting hydraulic pressure pressue device, the crack water-filling in test specimen, in treating crack
Air drained after, stop water-filling, seal the mouth of a river.Proceed by concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment.
(4) hydraulic pressure pressure process
Twin shaft experimental machine applies constant pressure 4 at four direction to test specimen, as it is shown in figure 1, the requirement that force value is empirically is given
Fixed.Applying high hydraulic pressure in crack by hydraulic pressure pressue device, hydraulic pressure uses step pressuring method, until concrete is by press water
Till splitting.Whole process examines surface of test piece with or without leaking, and manometric reading is with or without rapid drawdown, Pressure gauge institute energy
The peak reached is splitting hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure during record test specimen splitting.
(5) conventional mechanical property of concrete sample is measured
Carrying out above-mentioned experiment on the same day, also conventional mechanical performance of concrete test test specimen is being measured, from
And obtain the tension of concrete, resistance to compression equal strength value, for the subsequent analysis of concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment.
If twin shaft active force has pulling force, then single raise between experimental machine power arm and the test specimen applying pulling force effect
Steel brush.Described steel brush is adhesively fixed with described test specimen, and adhering method is specifically, on a face of test specimen described in square concrete
Brushing adhesive stick constitutes coated face, the one side of bristle that has of steel brush is mutually bonded with the described coated face of concrete sample；So
After on another face of described steel brush brushing adhesive stick, by the described coated face phase of the end face of the power arm of experimental machine with steel brush
The most bonding.
Prior art has the hydraulic fracture experiment carrying out under uniaxial stress state to the crack in concrete sample, this
Bright on the basis of existing technology, it is proposed that the crack in concrete sample is carried out hydraulic fracture under biaxial stress state real
Test.For the concrete structure of paddling in Practical Project, on its upstream face, the extension in crack is in addition to being controlled by seam internal water pressure,
Also controlling (both biaxial stress states) by the planar complex stress condition residing for crack, therefore, research can apply double
The concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment of axle active force is significant.This experiment can simulate more closing to reality
Stress state, contribute to deeper into research concrete component hydraulic fracture problem.
It addition, the device that the present invention provides, with prior art, the experimental provision such as applying single shaft active force compares,
The size of test specimen can be greatly reduced.Test specimen of the prior art need to reach 1 meter square, and this test specimen may diminish to 0.2 meter and sees
Side.This is because method original in terms of becoming seam is different from essence of the present invention, present invention employs the mode of elastic packing bag
Form crack, such as, utilize the lightest and the handiest balloon i.e. to define a closed cavity.Constituting in test specimen designed by the present invention
The method and structure of the rubber balloon parcel square frame that crack is used, is that forefathers are not attempt to, because common people think elastic
Seal bag blocked hydraulic pressure and concrete to contact order experiment untrue, the most therefore nobody finds out the one-tenth of so miniaturization and stitches structure
Part.But practice have shown that, elastic packing bag such as balloon does not has the space of extension in concrete, is the most i.e. hit by water pressure
Wearing, waterpower power spilt test afterwards is by the slabbing action of real simulated water pressure fracture.
Prior art is not owing to recognizing above-mentioned principle, so in order to form closed cavity, using many complicated components
Seal, and scantling is bigger, it is impossible to put to good use in 150mm square concrete sample, thus the most just cannot use existing skill
Art applies twin shaft active force to test specimen.In the present invention, the component (seam component) of water flowing pressure is simple, and volume is little, is embedded in
In 150mm square concrete sample, accounting is little, so affecting little on the overall performance of concrete sample, experiment is carried out.
If very big on concrete sample impact, then the experimental result drawn is nonsensical.
In test, in order to eliminate the contining function that concrete sample is deformed by experimental machine, can be between test specimen and experimental machine
Single raise steel brush.Such as, this steel brush is connected by adhering method.Described adhering method is specifically, at square concrete test specimen
On one face, brushing adhesive stick constitutes coated face, such as epoxy resin, by the one side having bristle and the concrete sample of steel brush
Described coated face is mutually bonded；Then brushing adhesive stick on another face of described steel brush, by the end of the power arm of experimental machine
Face is mutually bonded with the described coated face of steel brush.
Claims (9)
1. the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing that can apply twin shaft active force, it is characterised in that include
Following steps:
Step one: make the component of a set of water flowing pressure, for forming crack and providing water flowing in crack in concrete sample
The passage of pressure；The component of described water flowing pressure is fixed together with square concrete mould；
Step 2: casting concrete in the mold, after vibrating, described mould, to initial set, is then torn open by curing concrete
Removing, the component of water flowing pressure then can be stayed in concrete；The device of test water flowing pressure is the most unimpeded, if test is not smooth, returns
Step one, or the concrete around the component of water flowing pressure is removed, the component of dredging water flowing pressure, re-start in mould and pour into a mould
Concrete, vibrate and maintenance processes re-test；If testing unimpeded, the entery and delivery port of the component of water flowing pressure is sealed protection,
Continue maintenance to setting age；
Step 3: the concrete sample after maintenance is arranged in twin shaft experimental machine, by twin shaft experimental machine at concrete sample
The upper twin shaft active force applying to set；
Step 4: apply hydraulic pressure, until making described test specimen be split to concrete sample inside via the component of water flowing pressure；
Hydraulic pressure during record test specimen splitting；
Making the component of a set of described water flowing pressure in described step one, its concrete preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) two root length degree, internal diameter, copper pipe that external diameter is the most identical are prepared: copper pipe A and copper pipe B；
(2) holing on the sidewall of the copper pipe A of a end 45 ~ 50mm length leaving copper pipe A, drilling depth requires to penetrate copper pipe A's
Pipe thickness, then closes a end seal of copper pipe A；For copper pipe B, in the side of the copper pipe B of a end 0 ~ 5mm length leaving copper pipe B
Holing on wall, drilling depth requires to penetrate the pipe thickness of copper pipe B；
(3) sticking together parallel with copper pipe B for copper pipe A, a end of two copper pipes is in same one end, and a end aligns in the longitudinal direction,
From a end one section, two copper pipes are fixed together side by side, and described on described boring on copper pipe A sidewall and copper pipe B sidewall
Boring, mutually leans against, and is directed to outside；
(4) it is also prepared for a foursquare framework, and is fixed on a end of described copper pipe A and copper pipe B, the described brill on two copper pipes
Within hole is respectively positioned on this framework；
(5) an elastic packing bag is prepared again；Described elastic packing bag is overlapped on said frame, and opening elastic packing bag
Mouth is tightened and is constituted confined space；
One end that (6) two copper pipes are fixed side by side is positioned at described square concrete mould, and the b port of two copper pipes is at concrete mold
Outside, the b port of two copper pipes connects with described confined space.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, the concrete sample after maintenance is pacified
When being contained in twin shaft experimental machine, if twin shaft experimental machine to be passed through applies pulling force on concrete sample, then should use adhesive
Test specimen is bonding with the power arm of experimental machine.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: single raise between described test specimen and the power arm of experimental machine
Steel brush.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described steel brush is adhesively fixed with described test specimen, adhering method
Specifically, brushing adhesive stick constitutes coated face on a face of test specimen described in square concrete, steel brush there is the one of bristle
Face is mutually bonded with the described coated face of concrete sample；Then on another face of described steel brush, brushing adhesive stick becomes steel
Brush glue surface, the end face of the power arm of experimental machine is mutually bonded with described steel brush coated face.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the described foursquare length of side of described framework is 50mm；With/
Or, described framework is made by the iron wire of a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1.0mm；And/or, described elastic packing bag is balloon, at unexpansive shape
Under state rounded；And/or, a diameter of 30 ~ 50mm of described elastic packing bag；And/or, described elastic packing bag wall thickness is 0.1 ~
0.3mm；And/or, the size of described mould is 150 × 150 × 150mm；And/or, described copper pipe be its internal diameter be 2mm, external diameter
Thin copper pipe for 4mm；And/or,
Being provided with a fixture on the opening of concrete mold, the component of described water flowing pressure is fixed on this fixture so that described
The component of water flowing pressure is fixed in described concrete mold；And/or,
The component of described water flowing pressure is positioned at the centre position of described concrete mold and square frame therein is parallel to mould
Side wall surface；And/or,
Described fixture is made up of two brandreths, and in two described brandreths, one of them brandreth A length is more than the opening of described mould
Corresponding size, its two ends are the most connected with mould, and another brandreth B length is shorter, and its length with described framework is mutually
Join；Brandreth B is removably attached on brandreth A, and the side contacted at least one of brandreth A and brandreth B arranges groove, will
Two pipes being in communication with the outside in the component of described water flowing pressure are placed in described groove, fixing brandreth B and brandreth A, the most in fact
Existing described fixture is fixing to the component of described water flowing pressure.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described brandreth A with the fixed structure of mould is: described brandreth
A is across the opening of described mould, and one end of brandreth A is screwed in the midpoint on a limit of described mould openings, described
The other end of brandreth A is then screwed in the midpoint on another relative limit；And/or,
Described brandreth B and brandreth A, by before clamping for the component of water flowing pressure, should adjust the component of water flowing pressure by clamping position to
It is the most local, so that the component of water flowing pressure is that one end being mounted with described square frame enters described concrete mold
The inside, and described square frame is positioned at the center of described mould, and described square frame is parallel to described mould
Side wall surface.
7. can apply the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment method for designing of biaxial stress manufactures a device for test specimen,
It is characterized in that: include the component of a set of water flowing pressure, a square dies and a fixture；
The component of described water flowing pressure, it includes a two-dimensional framework being sized, arranges elastic packing outside this two-dimensional framework
Bag constitutes a confined space, and one end of two tubes is plugged in this confined space hermetically, and it is airtight that two tubes is plugged in this
Being respectively provided with a hole on pipeline section in space, the hole of two pipeline sections is separately positioned on bottom and the top in this sealing space, as
The exclusive communication confined space of two pipes and extraneous through hole, the pipe of bottom apertured is water inlet pipe, the pipe of top apertured
For outlet pipe；
Described square dies is an open-topped container of square；
Described fixture is arranged on the described opening of described square dies, clamps the two tubes in the component of described water flowing pressure,
Described confined space is placed in square dies, and two tubes stretches out the part outside square dies and is fixed on described square mould
On tool so that described confined space is in square dies interfix.
Device the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the two tubes in the component of described water flowing pressure is size phase
With copper pipe, two described copper pipes part within described square dies welds together side by side；And/or,
Described two-dimensional framework is square frame, and described square frame is fixed on one end of described copper pipe；And/or,
Described two-dimensional framework is square frame, and the centre of this square frame arranges a hack lever again, constitutes " day " font frame
Frame；And/or,
Described framework is that the iron wire of a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1.0mm is made；And/or,
Described elastic packing bag is balloon；And/or,
Elastic packing bag is balloon, and the thickness of balloon skin is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm；And/or,
The internal diameter of described pipe be 2mm outer tube diameter be 4mm；And/or,
Two-dimensional framework is entangled by described elastic packing bag, tightens described elastic packing bag opening；And/or,
The component of described water flowing pressure is fixed in described square dies by described fixture；And/or,
Described square dies is one side remaining five face closure uncovered, and inside dimension is the container of 150 × 150 × 150mm；And/or,
Described fixture is made up of two brandreths, and in two brandreths, one of them length is corresponding more than the opening of described square dies
Size, its two ends are the most connected with square dies, and another length is shorter, and it matches with the length of described framework, with
The middle part of the brandreth that length is longer is detachably connected, and the side that brandreth described in two contacts at least one sets groove, for described
Two pipes in the component of water flowing pressure are placed in this groove and are clamped fixing；And/or,
Described square dies is the open containers of 150 × 150 × 150mm, and described framework is the day font of the length of side 50 × 50mm
Square frame, described elastic packing bag is balloon, is set on framework, and two tubes is fixed with framework, and pipe is from balloon mouth
Stretching out, balloon mouth is tightened sealing, and the pipe stretching out balloon mouth is gripped by two brandreths, and longer brandreth is across being fixed on
On the opening of square dies so that framework is positioned the center of square dies.
Device the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: longer described brandreth opening across described square dies
Mouthful, its one end is screwed in the midpoint on a limit of described square dies opening, and its other end is then screwed in
The midpoint on another limit that described opening is relative；
Shorter described brandreth is screwed in the middle part of longer described brandreth.
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| CN106053240B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-10-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of the concrete component hydraulic fracture simulated experiment design method and device of synchronous load |
| CN106092757B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-04-02 | 中南大学 | A kind of experimental rig and its application method of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock |
| CN106908323B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-07-12 | 河海大学 | A kind of rock-like materials Hydraulic fracturing test device and method |
| CN107607381B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2023-10-20 | 华侨大学 | Wedge-shaped splitting device for layered rock test block |
| CN109100230A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-28 | 河海大学 | A kind of concrete hydraulic fracture simulator of Self-locking type sealed |
| CN109142072B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2021-08-31 | 中建中新建设工程有限公司 | Plane visualization hydraulic fracture simulation test method |
| CN110243688B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-12-01 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Hydraulic fracture test piece for dry and hard concrete and implementation method |
| CN110501199B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-08-03 | 河海大学 | Preparation method and use method of concrete member cement splitting test device |
| CN112556891B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-08-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Concrete whole life period internal stress state monitoring device based on film type sensor |
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