CN103389249A - Device and method for clay core wall hydraulic fracturing experiments - Google Patents
Device and method for clay core wall hydraulic fracturing experiments Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389249A CN103389249A CN201310301933XA CN201310301933A CN103389249A CN 103389249 A CN103389249 A CN 103389249A CN 201310301933X A CN201310301933X A CN 201310301933XA CN 201310301933 A CN201310301933 A CN 201310301933A CN 103389249 A CN103389249 A CN 103389249A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for clay core wall hydraulic fracturing experiments under simulated coupling conditions. The method is characterized in that two semi-cylindrical molds are specially made and assembled into a sample mold which is easy to assemble and disassemble; the internal temperature of a pressure chamber is controlled through changing the temperature and amount of water in a copper water pipe; internal water pressure is applied to a sample by a water flow passing through a base of the pressure chamber, a permeable plate, coarse sand and finally a blowhole; and hydraulic fracturing features of the clay sample under different conditions are studied through changing the water temperature and loading schemes of the fracturing water pressure, the axial pressure and the confining pressure, etc. The method overcomes the defects of hydraulic fracturing experiments in the prior art on core walls of earth and rock-fill dams, simulates features, force conditions, influencing factors and the like of clay core walls more accurately, and thus can be widely applied in hydraulic engineering and geotechnical engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit and test method under a kind of simulation coupling condition.
Background technology
In built and the high earth-rock works built, generally adopt clay as impervious material, and the differences of mechanical properties of clay material and dam shell material is larger, therefore, necessary genesis mechanism by experimental study clay core wall hydraulic fracture.At present, hydraulic fracture experimental evidence test method can be divided into shop experiment, site test and model test.Wherein, shop experiment generally adopts center drilling (cylindrical hole) or cracks right cylinder sample (heavy wall or thin cylinder) or the rectangular parallelepiped sample in (" envelope " shape crack), water filling in the center pit of sample or slit,, until sample rived, with this, inquire into the development form in occurrence condition, crack of hydraulic fracture and influence factor thereof etc.Shop experiment is convenient to accurate Control experiment condition, and is repeatable strong, therefore is widely used, and obtained some achievements.
But, still there is following defect in existing hydraulic fracturing in core of earth-rockfill dam shop experiment: 1. clay sample is in center drilling or the process of cracking, the sample that perhaps prepares in moving process, very easily causes sample deformation, strength decreased and initial stress state disturbance etc.; 2. temperature is larger on the stress-strain characteristics impact of soil, be mainly reflected in the aspects such as compression property, preconsolidation pressure and shear resistance, and traditional experiment can not be considered the impact of temperature action due to the restriction of instrument; 3. in the process toward clay sample center pit or prefabricated crack water injection, easily produce radial pressure, thereby make the sample vertical cracking; 4. the surface of contact of sample and instrument tends to produce seepage flow, thereby changes the boundary condition of sample.Therefore, characteristic, stress condition and the influence factor etc. of clay core wall can not be truly simulated in these tests all sidedly, and its achievement is difficult to be applied in actual earth-rock works.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defect of existing hydraulic fracturing in core of earth-rockfill dam test unit, propose a kind of clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit and the test method that can simulate under coupling condition, can reflect more truly characteristic, stress condition and the influence factor of clay core wall.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit and test method, comprise the inner water flowing copper pipe etc. that is used for applying sleeve, the sleeve slot of internal water pressure and is used for the controlled pressure room temperature of pressure chamber's top cover, rigid cylinder, the pressure chamber's base that is used for supporting superstructure, special sample mould, clay sample.
Sample mould of the present invention is to combine by two semicylinders, facilitates form removal, is conducive to alleviate the disturbance to the sample initial stress state.
Pressure chamber of the present invention top cover is provided with cold water inlet hole, cold water apopore, hot water inlet hole and hot water effluent hole, by regulating its by-pass valve control, change the temperature of water flowing copper pipe, and then controlled pressure chamber interior temperature, realize three environment that are coupled of temperature field and seepage field and stress field.
Sleeve lining of the present invention is around permeable geotextile, the inner coarse sand of filling, both be conducive to applying of internal water pressure, isolated again clay sample and coarse sand, and alleviated lateral pressure and the sleeve distortion under axle pressure effect of sample preparation compacting process medium clay soil to sleeve.
The external diameter of sleeve of the present invention is identical with the internal diameter of sleeve slot, both are closely connected with sleeve slot screw thread by the sleeve bottom thread, and between placement center opens the rubber ring of aperture, plays good sealing function.
Pressure chamber of the present invention base is provided with water injection hole and confined pressure inlet opening, applies respectively inside and outside water pressure.Water injection hole communicates with base center, sleeve socket center and rubber ring center, by the hole for water spraying on sleeve, applies internal water pressure.
Sleeve diameter of the present invention is got 50mm.
Sleeve height of the present invention is got 400mm.
Test method of the present invention, step is as follows:
1) making of test piece mould: special two semicylinder steel mold, by some bolts, this pair semicylinder mould is closely connected, being combined into inside diameter is 300mm, is highly the right cylinder of 600mm.
2) preparation before sample preparation: 1. pressure chamber's base is placed on testing table, directly sample preparation on testing table, avoided causing due to mobile sample disturbance or the destruction of its initial stress state effectively; 2. be close to sleeve lining around permeable geotextile, be inverted sleeve and fill coarse sand within it, place porous disc on surface.Coarse sand and permeable geotextile all have good water permeability, and coarse sand can bear pressure, prevent because of axle pressure is excessive or sample making course in the lateral pressure that produces of compacted clay cause the flexural deformation of sleeve; Permeable geotextile is interior coarse sand and the outer clay sample of sleeve of distance sleeve effectively; Porous disc can prevent that coarse sand from stopping up water injection hole; 3., at sleeve slot middle berth one deck rubber ring, by sleeve bottom thread and sleeve slot screw thread, sleeve is screwed in sleeve and insert in grain, rubber ring seals, and prevents permeable; The sleeve slot that 4. will connect sleeve is fixed on pressure chamber's base, makes both close contacts, and this moment, sleeve slot bottom circular aperture was over against water injection hole.
3) preparation of clay sample: 1. sample mould is installed on pressure chamber's base, makes itself and base and the equal close contact of sleeve slot, then side parcel one deck rubber membrane within it; 2. placement in layers clay in sample mould, often fill one deck clay and all tamp, dig the processing such as hair, and then fill lower one deck, and place a porous disc at the sample upper surface, sample can carry out draining by this porous disc and the drainage pore of connection of being connected; 3. make rubber membrane parcel clay sample and the porous disc of mould inboard, then remove lightly mould; 4. rigid cylinder is installed, and wall, around the water flowing copper pipe, carrys out controlled pressure chamber interior temperature by controlling water flowing temperature and water-flowing amount within it; 5. complete the preliminary work before fixing etc. the loading of the installation of pressure chamber's top cover and fastening, displacement transducer, make pressure chamber be in sealing state.
4) loading of sample: 1. by controlling the confined pressure water inlet, apply little confined pressure, by the drainage pore at top, get rid of unnecessary air; 2., by controlling the confined pressure water inlet, make the confined pressure of clay sample reach required confined pressure value, stablize a period of time, make clay sample fixed; 3. adjust pressure chamber's internal temperature to temperature required value by controlling cold water entery and delivery port and hot water entery and delivery port; 4. apply axle pressure to desirable value according to test condition by pressue device; 5. according to test condition, control the speed that applies internal water pressure and size etc. by regulating water injection hole, until the sample failure.
5) destructive process analysis: the crack situation of clay sample after viewing test, analyze its cleavage fracture process.
6) loading scheme of change hole pressure, axial compression, confined pressure and water temperature etc., repeat above-mentioned steps 3) ~ 5), carry out the hydraulic fracture experimental study of clay sample under different condition.
7) Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism analysis: organize test result by comparative analysis more, sum up the occurrence condition that draws hydraulic fracture, influence factor etc.
Advantage of the present invention is: the by-pass valve control of 1. regulating cold water inlet hole, cold water apopore, hot water inlet hole and hot water effluent hole,, by changing the water yield and the water temperature controlled pressure chamber interior temperature in the water flowing copper pipe, realize three coupling environment of temperature field and seepage field and stress field; 2. special pair of semicylinder sample mould, install and remove conveniently, can avoid clay sample due to the mobile primary stress disturbance that causes; 3. sleeve both can have been avoided the sample deformation and the strength decreased that cause due to perforate in sample making course, can serve as water filling device in process of the test again, by hole for water spraying, applied internal water pressure, had avoided causing due to radial stress the Vertical Cracks of sample; 4. water injection pipe with insert grain by pressure chamber's base, sleeve and closely be connected with sleeve with rubber blanket, can effectively avoid the percolation phenomenon of sample and surface of contact generation, guaranteed the boundary condition of testing; 5. can carry out by regulating splitting hydraulic pressure, axial compression, confined pressure loading scheme, water temperature etc. the hydraulic fracture characteristic research of clay sample under different condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is the sample mould schematic top plan view;
Fig. 2 b is sample mould A-A sectional schematic diagram;
In figure: the 1-axle pressure; The 2-displacement transducer; 3-exhaust outlet hole; The 4-cold water inlet hole; 5-cold water apopore; The 6-hot water inlet hole; 7-hot water effluent hole; 8-pressure chamber top cover; The 9-pressue device; 10-water flowing copper pipe; The 11-porous disc; The 12-clay sample; The 13-rigid cylinder; The 14-sleeve; The 15-hole for water spraying; The permeable geotextile of 16-; The coarse sand that the 17-water permeability is strong; The 18-rubber membrane; The 19-porous disc; 20-sleeve slot; The 21-rubber ring; 22-confined pressure inlet opening; The 23-by-pass valve control; The 24-water injection hole; 25-pressure chamber base; The 26-sample mould.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of test unit of clay core wall hydraulic fracture comprises pressure chamber's top cover (8), rigid cylinder (13), the pressure chamber's base (25) for the support superstructure, sleeve (14), the sleeve slot (20) that clay sample (12) inside is used for applying internal water pressure and the water flowing copper pipe (10) that is used for the controlled pressure room temperature etc.
Pressure chamber's top cover (8) is provided with the by-pass valve control (23) of cold water inlet hole (4), cold water apopore (5), hot water inlet hole (6) and hot water effluent hole (7), by changing the temperature of water flowing copper pipe (10), and then controlled pressure chamber interior temperature, realize temperature field and seepage field and stress field three coupling environment.The permeable geotextile of sleeve (14) inner wall surrounding (16), the inner coarse sand (17) of filling, both be conducive to applying of internal water pressure, isolate again clay sample (12) and coarse sand (17), and alleviated lateral pressure and sleeve (14) distortion under axle pressure (1) effect of sample preparation compacting process medium clay soil to sleeve (14).The external diameter of sleeve (14) is identical with the internal diameter of sleeve slot (20), be connected 20 by sleeve (14) bottom thread with the sleeve slot) screw thread closely connects both, and the rubber ring (21) that aperture is opened between placement center, play good sealing function.Pressure chamber's base (25) is provided with water injection hole (24) and confined pressure inlet opening (22), apply respectively internal water pressure and outside confined pressure, water injection hole (24) communicates with base (25) center, sleeve slot (20) center and rubber ring (21) center, by the hole for water spraying (15) on sleeve (14), applies internal water pressure.
The test method of clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit, step is as follows:
1) making of test piece mould: special two semicylinder steel mold, by some bolts, this pair semicylinder mould is closely connected, being combined into inside diameter is 300mm, is highly the right cylinder of 600mm.
2) preparation before sample preparation: 1. pressure chamber's base (25) is placed on testing table, directly sample preparation on testing table, avoided causing due to mobile sample disturbance or the destruction of its initial stress state effectively; 2. be close to the permeable geotextile of sleeve (14) inner wall surrounding (16), be inverted sleeve (14) and fill coarse sand (17) within it, place porous disc (19) on surface.Coarse sand (17) and permeable geotextile (16) all have good water permeability, and coarse sand (17) can bear pressure, prevent because of axle pressure is excessive or sample making course in the lateral pressure that produces of compacted clay cause the flexural deformation of sleeve (14); Permeable geotextile (16) is interior coarse sand (17) and the outer clay sample (12) of sleeve (14) of distance sleeve (14) effectively; Porous disc (19) can prevent that coarse sand (17) from stopping up water injection hole (24); 3., at sleeve slot (20) middle berth one deck rubber ring (21), by sleeve bottom thread and sleeve slot screw thread, sleeve (14) is screwed in sleeve and insert in grain (20), rubber ring (21) seals, and prevents permeable; The sleeve slot that 4. will connect sleeve is fixed on pressure chamber's base (25), makes both close contacts, and this moment, sleeve slot (20) bottom circular aperture was over against water injection hole (24).
3) preparation of clay sample: 1. sample mould (26) is installed on pressure chamber's base, makes all close contacts of itself and base (25) and sleeve slot (20), then side is wrapped up one deck rubber membrane (18) within it; 2. placement in layers clay in sample mould, often fill one deck clay and all tamp, dig the processing such as hair, and then fill lower one deck, place a porous disc (11) at the sample upper surface, sample can by this porous disc be connected the drainage pore (3) of connection and carry out draining; 3. make rubber membrane (18) parcel clay sample (12) and the porous disc (11) of mould inboard, then remove lightly mould (26); Rigid cylinder (13) 4. is installed, and wall, around water flowing copper pipe (10), carrys out controlled pressure chamber interior temperature by controlling water flowing temperature and water-flowing amount within it; 5. complete the preliminary work before fixing etc. the loading of the installation of pressure chamber's top cover (8) and fastening, displacement transducer (2), make pressure chamber be in sealing state.
4) loading of sample: 1. by controlling confined pressure water inlet (22), apply little confined pressure, by the drainage pore (3) at top, get rid of unnecessary air; 2., by controlling confined pressure water inlet (22), make the confined pressure of clay sample reach required confined pressure value, stablize a period of time, make clay sample (12) fixed; 3. adjust pressure chamber's internal temperature to temperature required value by controlling cold water entery and delivery port (4,5) and hot water entery and delivery port (6,7); 4. apply axle pressure to desirable value according to test condition by pressue device (9); 5. according to test condition, control the speed that applies internal water pressure and size etc. by regulating water injection hole (24), until the sample failure.
5) destructive process analysis: the crack situation of clay sample after viewing test (12), analyze its cleavage fracture process.
6) loading scheme of change hole pressure, axial compression, confined pressure and water temperature etc., repeat above-mentioned steps 3) ~ 5), carry out the hydraulic fracture experimental study of clay sample under different condition (12).
7) Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism analysis: organize test result by comparative analysis more, sum up the occurrence condition that draws hydraulic fracture, influence factor etc.
Claims (4)
1. a clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit, comprise pressure chamber's top cover (8), rigid cylinder (13), pressure chamber's base (25), sample mould (26), sleeve (14), sleeve slot (20) and water flowing copper pipe (10), it is characterized in that:
Sample mould (26) combines by two semicylinders;
The permeable geotextile of inner wall surrounding (16) of sleeve (14), the inner coarse sand (17) of filling;
The external diameter of sleeve (14) is identical with the internal diameter of sleeve slot (20), by sleeve (14) bottom thread, with the sleeve slot, is connected 20) screw thread closely connects both, and the rubber ring (21) of aperture is opened between placement center;
Pressure chamber's base (25) is provided with water injection hole (24) and confined pressure inlet opening (22), and water injection hole (24) communicates with base (25) center, sleeve slot (20) center and rubber ring (21) center.
2. clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: sleeve (14) diameter is got 50mm.
3. clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: sleeve (14) is highly got 400mm.
4. based on the test method of clay core wall hydraulic fracture test unit claimed in claim 1, its step is as follows:
1) making of test piece mould: special two semicylinder steel mold, by some bolts, this pair semicylinder mould is closely connected, being combined into inside diameter is 300mm, is highly the right cylinder of 600mm;
2) preparation before sample preparation: 1. pressure chamber's base (25) is placed on testing table, directly sample preparation on testing table, avoided causing due to mobile sample disturbance or the destruction of its initial stress state effectively; 2. be close to the permeable geotextile of sleeve (14) inner wall surrounding (16), be inverted sleeve (14) and fill coarse sand (17) within it, place porous disc (19) on surface; Coarse sand (17) and permeable geotextile (16) all have good water permeability, and coarse sand (17) can bear pressure, prevent because of axle pressure is excessive or sample making course in the lateral pressure that produces of compacted clay cause the flexural deformation of sleeve (14); Permeable geotextile (16) is interior coarse sand (17) and the outer clay sample (12) of sleeve (14) of distance sleeve (14) effectively; Porous disc (19) can prevent that coarse sand (17) from stopping up water injection hole (24); 3., at sleeve slot (20) middle berth one deck rubber ring (21), by sleeve bottom thread and sleeve slot screw thread, sleeve (14) is screwed in sleeve and insert in grain (20), rubber ring (21) seals, and prevents permeable; The sleeve slot that 4. will connect sleeve is fixed on pressure chamber's base (25), makes both close contacts, and this moment, sleeve slot (20) bottom circular aperture was over against water injection hole (24);
3) preparation of clay sample: 1. sample mould (26) is installed on pressure chamber's base, makes all close contacts of itself and base (25) and sleeve slot (20), then side is wrapped up one deck rubber membrane (18) within it; 2. placement in layers clay in sample mould, often fill one deck clay and all tamp, dig the processing such as hair, and then fill lower one deck, place a porous disc (11) at the sample upper surface, sample can by this porous disc be connected the drainage pore (3) of connection and carry out draining; 3. make rubber membrane (18) parcel clay sample (12) and the porous disc (11) of mould inboard, then remove lightly mould (26); Rigid cylinder (13) 4. is installed, and wall, around water flowing copper pipe (10), carrys out controlled pressure chamber interior temperature by controlling water flowing temperature and water-flowing amount within it; 5. complete the preliminary work before fixing etc. the loading of the installation of pressure chamber's top cover (8) and fastening, displacement transducer (2), make pressure chamber be in sealing state;
4) loading of sample: 1. by controlling confined pressure water inlet (22), apply little confined pressure, by the drainage pore (3) at top, get rid of unnecessary air; 2., by controlling confined pressure water inlet (22), make the confined pressure of clay sample reach required confined pressure value, stablize a period of time, make clay sample (12) fixed; 3. adjust pressure chamber's internal temperature to temperature required value by controlling cold water entery and delivery port (4,5) and hot water entery and delivery port (6,7); 4. apply axle pressure to desirable value according to test condition by pressue device (9); 5. according to test condition, control the speed that applies internal water pressure and size etc. by regulating water injection hole (24), until the sample failure;
5) destructive process analysis: the crack situation of clay sample after viewing test (12), analyze its cleavage fracture process;
6) loading scheme of change hole pressure, axial compression, confined pressure and water temperature etc., repeat above-mentioned steps 3) ~ 5), carry out the hydraulic fracture experimental study of clay sample under different condition (12);
7) Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism analysis: organize test result by comparative analysis more, sum up the occurrence condition that draws hydraulic fracture, influence factor.
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