CN104236750A - Oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring system and method and distributed remote monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring system and method and a distributed remote monitoring system. The safety monitoring system comprises a laser pulse module, at least one detection optical cable laid on an oil-gas pipeline tightly, an optical signal receiving module and a processing module. The laser pulse module is used for transmitting a laser pulse signal. The optical signal receiving module is used for receiving a reflection light signal and obtaining corresponding Raman frequency shift, back anti-Stokes light power and back Stokes light power. The processing module is used for judging whether the temperature at certain position in the optical fiber corresponding to the parameter of the reflection light signal is normal or not, and generating first abnormal information when a judgment result is no. The oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring system and method and the distributed remote monitoring system monitors leakage and safety of the oil-gas pipeline by monitoring the reflection light signal produced by Raman scattering in the optical fiber and have the advantages of being high in sensitivity, quick in response and accurate in positioning.

Description

The safety monitoring system of oil and gas pipes, method and distributed and remote control system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of safety monitoring system of oil and gas pipes, method and distributed and remote control system.

Background technology

Pipeline transportation has that one-time investment is few, transportation cost is low, security is high, be beneficial to the unique advantages such as environmental protection, is especially applicable to the inflammable and explosive oil and natural gas of long-distance transportation.In recent years, along with the steady-state growth of world economy and countries in the world are to the lifting of energy demand ability, the pace of construction of global Oil Gas pipeline is also in quickening, and construction scale and its construction level all have significant improvement.Along with grand celebration, triumph, Sichuan, North China, Central Plains, Qinghai, Tarim Basin and the development & construction in succession of telling the oil gas fields such as Kazakhstan, China's oil and gas pipes building cause also achieves the achievement attracted people's attention, and has begun to take shape " oil south, north fortune ", " Xi Youdong enters ", " the oil-gas transportation general layout of West-east Gas, " extra large gas logs in ".

But the defect of pipeline itself, burn into unaccelerated aging and damage from third-party, all can cause the loss of oil gas product, environmental pollution and personnel's injury.Along with the development of pipeline industry, in order to the safe operation of service conduit, prevent pipe leakage, enjoy concern and the attention of various countries as the safety monitoring of Monitoring Pinpelines core and early warning technology always.

At present, the detection technique of existing pipelines safety and leakage both at home and abroad and method, mainly contain acoustic wave detection, suction wave detection method, stress mornitoring method etc., there is the shortcomings such as sensitivity is low, low-response, positioning precision difference, be difficult in actual applications meet quick, accurately targeted duct safety and the requirement of leaking.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the safety monitoring method sensitivity in order to overcome oil and gas pipes of the prior art is low, low-response, positioning precision are poor, be difficult in actual applications fast monitored to oil and gas pipes abnormal and accurately location there is the defect of unusual condition as the pipeline location to leak etc., a kind of safety monitoring system of oil and gas pipes, method and distributed and remote control system are proposed.

The present invention solves above-mentioned technical matters by following technical proposals:

The invention provides a kind of safety monitoring system of oil and gas pipes, its feature is, comprises a laser pulse module, is close at least one detecting optical cable, an optical signal receiving module and a processing module that oil and gas pipes lays;

This laser pulse module, for Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

This optical signal receiving module, for receiving reflected light signal and obtaining corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, wherein reflected light signal is the back-scattering light that Raman scattering effect produces, and the diverse location in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponds to different reflected light signals;

This processing module, identical for judging temperature whether with normal temperature of the first position in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponding to corresponding reflected light signal according to Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, and generating one first abnormal information when judged result is no, this first abnormal information comprises the information of this primary importance.

Those skilled in the art are to be understood that, scattering can be there is when illumination is mapped on material, in scattered light except the elastic component identical with excitation wavelength, also has the stokes light and stokes light and the anti-stokes light shorter than the wavelength of exciting light and anti-Stokes light grown than the wavelength of exciting light.Be called Raman scattering by the elementary excitation such as the optical phonon in molecular vibration, solid and the exciting light inelastic scattering produced that interacts, the light excited is Stokes Raman scattered light and anti-Stokes Raman scattered light.In this at least one detecting optical cable, this laser pulse signal and exciting light, any position in optical cable is all in generation Raman scattering, and diverse location in optical cable and the distance between exciting light sources (i.e. this laser pulse module) are different, thus the reflected light signal of diverse location can by the timing separation received.Can pass through formula S=Vt/2 and calculate position in optical cable, in formula, S is the distance of position to exciting light sources of the generation Raman scattering corresponding with reflected light, and V is the velocity of propagation of pump light in optical cable, and t is the transmission two-way time of pump light in optical cable.And easy understand, when somewhere in oil and gas pipes occurs to leak, because the environment temperature outside ducted oil gas and pipeline is different, leakage can cause the temperature of a certain position of this at least one detecting optical cable to change, and temperature variation can have influence on the Raman scattering of this position, thus the change of temperature can be detected by corresponding reflected light signal.

From physics principle, the mechanism of Ramam effect is different with fluorescence phenomenon, does not absorb exciting light, therefore can not explain with the upper energy level of reality, but empty upper energy level concept can be adopted so that Raman scattering effect to be described.Suppose that scattering molecule was in electronic ground state originally, when being subject to incident light and irradiating, the effect of exciting light molecule therewith causes polarization can regard empty absorption as, is expressed as electronic transition to virtual stake, electronics in virtual level transits to lower energy level and luminous immediately, is scattered light.In scattered light, the existing spectral line identical with incident light frequency, also has the spectral line different from incident light frequency, and the former is called Rayleigh spectral line, and the latter is called Raman line.In Raman line, again the spectral line that frequency is less than incident light frequency is called stokes line, and the spectral line that frequency is greater than incident light frequency is called anti-Stokes line.This dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and this dorsad Stokes luminous power namely correspond respectively to this anti-Stokes line and this stokes line.This Raman frequency shift amount and scattering optical frequency and the difference exciting optical frequency.

Preferably, this processing module is according to the temperature of following this first position of formulae discovery:

$\frac{1}{T}=\frac{1}{T_0}-\frac{k}{\mathrm{hv}}\ln \left[\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)/P_S\left(T\right)}{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T_0\right)/P_S\left(T_0\right)}\right]$

Wherein, P _aS(T), P _s(T) luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad and Stokes luminous power dorsad that this optical signal receiving module obtains is respectively, P _aS(T ₀), P _s(T ₀) being respectively the luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad under this normal temperature and Stokes luminous power dorsad, v is the Raman frequency shift amount of optical cable, and h, k are respectively Planck constant and Boltzmann's constant, T ₀for this normal temperature, T is the temperature of this first position.

The derivation of above-mentioned formula is as follows:

First: $P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)=\frac{v}{2}{E}_0\frac{\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{1-\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{B}_{\mathrm{AS}}\exp [-(a_0+a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(1\right);$

$P_S\left(T\right)=\frac{v}{2}{E}_0\frac{\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{1-\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{B}_S\exp [-(a_0+a_S)]---\left(2\right);$

Can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2):

$\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)}{P_S\left(T\right)}=\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})\frac{B_{\mathrm{AS}}}{B_S}\exp [-(a_S-a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(3\right);$

And when temperature is known, and be this normal temperature T ₀shi You:

$\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T_0\right)}{P_S\left(T_0\right)}=\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/{\mathrm{kT}}_0)\frac{B_{\mathrm{AS}}}{B_S}\exp [-(a_S-a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(4\right)$

(3) are divided by formula and (4), can obtain above-mentioned formula after arrangement.

In above-mentioned derivation, E ₀for pump light pulse ability, v is the Raman frequency shift amount in this at least one optical cable, B _aS, B _sfor the scattering coefficient of the anti-Stokes light dorsad in this at least one optical cable and stokes light dorsad, a ₀, a _aS, a _sbe respectively incident pump light, dorsad anti-Stokes light, the dorsad stokes light unit length loss factor at this at least one optical cable.

Preferably, this safety monitoring system also comprises a microbending loss demodulation module and a power measurement module, this power measurement module is for measuring the power of this laser pulse signal as input optical power, and the power measuring this reflected light signal is as Output optical power, this microbending loss demodulation module is used for according to this input optical power and this Output optical power computed losses, and judge whether this loss is less than a default loss threshold value, one second abnormal information is generated when judged result is no, this second abnormal information comprises the information of the second place in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponding to this reflected light signal.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when somewhere in oil and gas pipes occurs abnormal, than when stealing ducted oil gas if any people, the optical cable being close to pipeline laying can be caused to bend, and the bending of optical cable can change the optical power loss in optical cable.Therefore, can judge whether optical cable bending occurs and judges whether pipeline exception occurs by monitoring optical power loss.

Preferably, this microbending loss demodulation module is according to this loss of following formulae discovery:

$L=10\ln \frac{P_I}{P_O}$

Wherein L is this loss, P _ifor this input optical power, P _ofor this Output optical power.

Preferably, this safety monitoring system also comprises a database module, all information that this database module generates for storing this processing module.

Present invention also offers a kind of distributed and remote control system of oil and gas pipes, its feature is, comprise multiple above-mentioned safety monitoring system and a remote monitoring device, this remote monitoring device comprises a data-reading unit and an alarm unit, this data-reading unit is used for the information reading the generation of all processing modules from the plurality of safety monitoring system, and this alarm unit is used for sending warning when this data-reading unit reads this first abnormal information or this second abnormal information.

By arranging this distributed and remote control system, just can realize the safety of remote monitoring many places oil and gas pipes simultaneously, unified management, greatly reducing the human cost of oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring.

Present invention also offers a kind of safety monitoring method of oil and gas pipes, its feature is, have employed above-mentioned safety monitoring system, and this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that temperature whether with normal temperature of this first position is identical, the Flow ends when judged result is for being, generates this first abnormal information when judged result is no.

Present invention also offers the safety monitoring method of another kind of oil and gas pipes, its feature is, have employed above-mentioned safety monitoring system, and this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that whether the temperature of this first position is identical with this normal temperature, perform S when judged result is for being ₄, generate this first abnormal information when judged result is no and perform S ₄;

S ₄, this power measurement module measure this laser pulse signal power as input optical power and the power measuring this reflected light signal as Output optical power;

S ₅, this microbending loss demodulation module is according to S ₄in the input optical power that records and Output optical power computed losses, and judging whether this loss is less than this loss threshold value, the termination process when judged result is for being, generating this second abnormal information when judged result is no.

On the basis meeting this area general knowledge, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can combination in any, obtains the preferred embodiments of the invention.

Positive progressive effect of the present invention is:

The safety monitoring system of oil and gas pipes of the present invention, method and distributed and remote control system pass through to press close to oil and gas pipes and lay detecting optical cable, by the reflected light signal that the Raman scattering in monitoring optical cable produces, Real-Time Monitoring optical cable temperature everywhere and bending thus reach the leakage of monitors oil feed channel and the object of safety, and have highly sensitive, response is fast, the advantage of accurate positioning.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the safety monitoring system of the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the safety monitoring method of the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the safety monitoring system of the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the safety monitoring method of the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the distributed and remote control system of the embodiment of the present invention 3.

Embodiment

Provide present pre-ferred embodiments below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail, but therefore do not limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 1, the safety monitoring system 1 of the oil and gas pipes of the embodiment of the present invention 1, comprises a laser pulse module 11, is close at least one detecting optical cable 12, optical signal receiving module 13 and a processing module 14 that oil and gas pipes lays.

Wherein this laser pulse module 11 is for Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable 12.This optical signal receiving module 13 is for receiving reflected light signal and obtaining corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, wherein reflected light signal is the back-scattering light that Raman scattering effect produces, and the diverse location in this at least one detecting optical cable 12 corresponds to different reflected light signals.This processing module 14 is identical for judging temperature whether with normal temperature of the first position in this at least one detecting optical cable 12 corresponding to corresponding reflected light signal according to Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, and generating one first abnormal information when judged result is no, this first abnormal information comprises the information of this primary importance.

All there is Raman scattering in any position in optical cable, and diverse location in optical cable and the distance between exciting light sources (i.e. this laser pulse module 11) are different, and thus the reflected light signal of diverse location can by the timing separation received.Can pass through formula S=Vt/2 and calculate position in optical cable, in formula, S is the distance of position to exciting light sources of the generation Raman scattering corresponding with reflected light, and V is the velocity of propagation of pump light in optical cable, and t is the transmission time of pump light in optical cable.

And easy understand, when somewhere in oil and gas pipes occurs to leak, because the environment temperature outside ducted oil gas and pipeline is different, leakage can cause the temperature of a certain position of this at least one detecting optical cable 12 to change, and temperature variation can have influence on the Raman scattering of this position, thus the change of temperature can be detected by corresponding reflected light signal.For example, this normal temperature is 70 DEG C, and leaks due to pipeline, and the temperature of the liquid in pipeline is 80 DEG C.So after pipe leakage, the temperature of leak can higher than this normal temperature.The variable effect of temperature has arrived the Raman scattering of the optical cable of leak, the change of temperature thus just can be detected by corresponding reflected light signal, thus monitors oil and gas pipes in time and there occurs leakage in this position.Particularly, carry out Treatment Analysis after all first light signal can being converted to electric signal for the judgement of reflected light signal, the device wherein adopted can select conventional electrooptical device.

In a preferred embodiment, this processing module 14 is according to the temperature of following this first position of formulae discovery:

$\frac{1}{T}=\frac{1}{T_0}-\frac{k}{\mathrm{hv}}\ln \left[\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)/P_S\left(T\right)}{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T_0\right)/P_S\left(T_0\right)}\right]$

Wherein, P _aS(T), P _s(T) luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad and Stokes luminous power dorsad that this optical signal receiving module 13 obtains is respectively, P _aS(T ₀), P _s(T ₀) being respectively the luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad under this normal temperature and Stokes luminous power dorsad, v is the Raman frequency shift amount of optical cable, and h, k are respectively Planck constant and Boltzmann's constant, T ₀for this normal temperature, T is the temperature of this first position.

The derivation of above-mentioned formula is as follows:

First: $P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)=\frac{v}{2}{E}_0\frac{\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{1-\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{B}_{\mathrm{AS}}\exp [-(a_0+a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(1\right);$

$P_S\left(T\right)=\frac{v}{2}{E}_0\frac{\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{1-\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})}{B}_S\exp [-(a_0+a_S)]---\left(2\right);$

Can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2):

$\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)}{P_S\left(T\right)}=\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/\mathrm{kT})\frac{B_{\mathrm{AS}}}{B_S}\exp [-(a_S-a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(3\right);$

And when temperature is known, and be this normal temperature T ₀shi You:

$\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T_0\right)}{P_S\left(T_0\right)}=\exp (-\mathrm{hv}/{\mathrm{kT}}_0)\frac{B_{\mathrm{AS}}}{B_S}\exp [-(a_S-a_{\mathrm{AS}})]---\left(4\right);$

Formula (3) and formula (4) are divided by, and can obtain above-mentioned formula after arrangement.

In above-mentioned derivation, E ₀for pump light pulse ability, v is the Raman frequency shift amount in this at least one optical cable, B _aS, B _sfor the scattering coefficient of the anti-Stokes light dorsad in this at least one optical cable and stokes light dorsad, a ₀, a _aS, a _sbe respectively incident pump light, dorsad anti-Stokes light, the dorsad stokes light unit length loss factor at this at least one optical cable.

The safety monitoring method of the oil and gas pipes of the present embodiment, have employed the safety monitoring system 1 of the present embodiment.As shown in Figure 2, this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module 11 is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable 12;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module 13 receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module 14 is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that temperature whether with normal temperature of this first position is identical, the Flow ends when judged result is for being, generates this first abnormal information when judged result is no.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figure 3, the safety monitoring system 1 of the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are only:

The safety monitoring system 1 of the present embodiment also comprises microbending loss demodulation module 15 and a power measurement module 16, this power measurement module 16 is for measuring the power of this laser pulse signal as input optical power, and the power measuring this reflected light signal is as Output optical power, this microbending loss demodulation module 15 is for according to this input optical power and this Output optical power computed losses, and judge whether this loss is less than a default loss threshold value, one second abnormal information is generated when judged result is no, this second abnormal information comprises the information of the second place in this at least one detecting optical cable 12 corresponding to this reflected light signal.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when somewhere in oil and gas pipes occurs abnormal, than when stealing ducted oil gas if any people, the optical cable being close to pipeline laying can be caused to bend, and the bending of optical cable can change the optical power loss in optical cable.Therefore, can judge whether optical cable bending occurs and judges whether pipeline exception occurs by monitoring optical power loss.

Particularly, this microbending loss demodulation module 15 can according to this loss of following formulae discovery:

$L=10\ln \frac{P_I}{P_O}$

Wherein L is this loss, P _ifor this input optical power, P _ofor this Output optical power.

In a preferred embodiment, this safety monitoring system 1 also comprises a database module, all information that this database module generates for storing this processing module 14.

The safety monitoring method of the oil and gas pipes of the present embodiment, have employed the safety monitoring system 1 of the present embodiment.As shown in Figure 4, this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module 11 is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable 12;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module 13 receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module 14 is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that whether the temperature of this first position is identical with this normal temperature, perform S when judged result is for being ₄, generate this first abnormal information when judged result is no and perform S ₄;

S ₄, this power measurement module 16 measure this laser pulse signal power as input optical power and the power measuring this reflected light signal as Output optical power;

S ₅, this microbending loss demodulation module 15 is according to S ₄in the input optical power that records and Output optical power computed losses, and judging whether this loss is less than this loss threshold value, the termination process when judged result is for being, generating this second abnormal information when judged result is no.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 5, the distributed and remote control system of the oil and gas pipes of the present embodiment, include safety monitoring system 1 and a remote monitoring device 2 of multiple embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, this remote monitoring device 2 comprises data-reading unit 21 and an alarm unit 22, the information that this data-reading unit 21 generates for reading all processing modules 14 from the plurality of safety monitoring system 1, this alarm unit 22 is for sending warning when this data-reading unit 21 reads this first abnormal information or this second abnormal information.

By arranging this distributed and remote control system, just can realize the safety of remote monitoring many places oil and gas pipes simultaneously, unified management, greatly reducing the human cost of oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring.

Although the foregoing describe the specific embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that these only illustrate, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not deviating from principle of the present invention and essence, can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments, but these change and amendment all falls into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a safety monitoring system for oil and gas pipes, is characterized in that, comprises a laser pulse module, is close at least one detecting optical cable, an optical signal receiving module and a processing module that oil and gas pipes lays;

This laser pulse module, for Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

This optical signal receiving module, for receiving reflected light signal and obtaining corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, wherein reflected light signal is the back-scattering light that Raman scattering effect produces, and the diverse location in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponds to different reflected light signals;

This processing module, identical for judging temperature whether with normal temperature of the first position in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponding to corresponding reflected light signal according to Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad, and generating one first abnormal information when judged result is no, this first abnormal information comprises the information of this primary importance.

2. safety monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this processing module is according to the temperature of following this first position of formulae discovery:

$\frac{1}{T}=\frac{1}{T_0}-\frac{k}{\mathrm{hv}}\ln \left[\frac{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T\right)/P_S\left(T\right)}{P_{\mathrm{AS}}\left(T_0\right)/P_S\left(T_0\right)}\right]$

Wherein, P _aS(T), P _s(T) luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad and Stokes luminous power dorsad that this optical signal receiving module obtains is respectively, P _aS(T ₀), P _s(T ₀) being respectively the luminous power of anti-Stokes dorsad under this normal temperature and Stokes luminous power dorsad, v is the Raman frequency shift amount of optical cable, and h, k are respectively Planck constant and Boltzmann's constant, T ₀for this normal temperature, T is the temperature of this first position.

3. safety monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this safety monitoring system also comprises a microbending loss demodulation module and a power measurement module, this power measurement module is for measuring the power of this laser pulse signal as input optical power, and the power measuring this reflected light signal is as Output optical power, this microbending loss demodulation module is used for according to this input optical power and this Output optical power computed losses, and judge whether this loss is less than a default loss threshold value, one second abnormal information is generated when judged result is no, this second abnormal information comprises the information of the second place in this at least one detecting optical cable corresponding to this reflected light signal.

4. safety monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, this microbending loss demodulation module is according to this loss of following formulae discovery:

$L=10\ln \frac{P_I}{P_O}$

Wherein L is this loss, P _ifor this input optical power, P _ofor this Output optical power.

5. as the safety monitoring system in claim 1-4 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, this safety monitoring system also comprises a database module, all information that this database module generates for storing this processing module.

6. the distributed and remote control system of an oil and gas pipes, it is characterized in that, comprise multiple as the safety monitoring system in claim 1-5 as described in any one and a remote monitoring device, this remote monitoring device comprises a data-reading unit and an alarm unit, this data-reading unit is used for the information reading the generation of all processing modules from the plurality of safety monitoring system, and this alarm unit is used for sending warning when this data-reading unit reads this first abnormal information or this second abnormal information.

7. a safety monitoring method for oil and gas pipes, is characterized in that, have employed safety monitoring system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that temperature whether with normal temperature of this first position is identical, the Flow ends when judged result is for being, generates this first abnormal information when judged result is no.

8. a safety monitoring method for oil and gas pipes, is characterized in that, have employed the safety monitoring system as described in claim 3 or 4, and this safety monitoring method comprises the following steps:

S ₁, this laser pulse module is to Emission Lasers pulse signal in this at least one detecting optical cable;

S ₂, this optical signal receiving module receives reflected light signal and obtains corresponding Raman frequency shift amount, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power and Stokes luminous power dorsad;

S ₃, this processing module is according to S ₂with Stokes luminous power dorsad, the Raman frequency shift amount of middle acquisition, dorsad anti-Stokes luminous power judge that whether the temperature of this first position is identical with this normal temperature, perform S when judged result is for being ₄, generate this first abnormal information when judged result is no and perform S ₄;

S ₄, this power measurement module measure this laser pulse signal power as input optical power and the power measuring this reflected light signal as Output optical power;

S ₅, this microbending loss demodulation module is according to S ₄in the input optical power that records and Output optical power computed losses, and judging whether this loss is less than this loss threshold value, the termination process when judged result is for being, generating this second abnormal information when judged result is no.