CN104219811B - A kind of composite graphite electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite graphite electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104219811B CN104219811B CN201310220877.7A CN201310220877A CN104219811B CN 104219811 B CN104219811 B CN 104219811B CN 201310220877 A CN201310220877 A CN 201310220877A CN 104219811 B CN104219811 B CN 104219811B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of composite graphite electrode and preparation method thereof, comprising: form endoporus in one end of graphite electrode, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode; The metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, wherein, loads the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode; Thickener is filled up in space between described graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall; Graphite electrode described in roasting.Composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention, adopt resistant to elevated temperatures graphite as electrode material, avoid metal electrode to be at high temperature easily liquefied the problem causing the life-span short, and composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention combines the advantage of the high temperature resistant and metal tubes good water-cooling effect of graphite effectively, extends the useful life of electrode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal smelt technical field, more particularly, relate to a kind of composite graphite electrode and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
DC-ore-heating electric furnace, is mainly used in the smelting of non-ferrous metal and the ferroalloys etc. such as zinc, copper, lead, tin.In DC-ore-heating electric furnace smelting, the life-span length of electrode determines the whole economic efficiency of metal smelt, and therefore, the research extending electrode life is significant.
In DC-ore-heating electric furnace, mainly through passing into large electric current to the electrode being installed on hearth center position, carry out the non-ferrous metal and ferroalloy etc. in heating and melting mineral hot furnace.At present, what most of DC-ore-heating electric furnace adopted is air/water cooling contact pin type electrode, and as shown in Figure 1, the many bar-shaped contact pilotages 1 of metal are welded on air/water cool metal base, these contact pilotages pass to molten bath through cooling chamber and furnace lining, heat the metal etc. in molten bath.
But, the life-span of existing air/water cooling contact pin type electrode is shorter, needs the frequent refractory material changing electrode and electrode, but because the maintenance difficulty of electrode and refractory material is large, the cycle is long, thus make the cost of maintenance higher, have impact on overall economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of composite graphite electrode and preparation method thereof, short to solve the metal electrode life-span in prior art, electrode and refractory material are changed frequently, maintenance difficulty is large, the cycle is long and high in cost of production problem.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A manufacture method for composite graphite electrode, comprising:
Form endoporus in one end of graphite electrode, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
The metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, wherein, loads the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode;
Thickener is filled up in space between described graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall;
Graphite electrode described in roasting.
Preferably, the endoporus that described one end at graphite electrode is formed is multiple equally distributed endoporus, and the metal tubes matched with it is housed in each endoporus.
Preferably, described metal tubes is U-shaped metal tubes, is to be formed by the overall identical thick-wall metal pipes curved way of pipe thickness.
Preferably, described thickener is carbon paste.
Preferably, the process of described roasting graphite electrode, comprising:
Described graphite electrode is put into baking furnace, carries out first time roasting;
Graphite electrode after first time roasting is immersed liquid impregnation agent;
Graphite electrode after dipping is put into baking furnace, carries out second time roasting.
Preferably, described graphite electrode carries out the process of first time roasting, comprising:
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the first temperature, and the scope of the first temperature is 220 DEG C ~ 240 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 30 DEG C/h ~ 40 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the second temperature, and the scope of the second temperature is 290 DEG C ~ 310 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 6 DEG C/h ~ 8 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the 3rd temperature, the scope of the 3rd temperature is 940 DEG C ~ 960 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 7 DEG C/h ~ 9 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 3rd temperature, the time range keeping the 3rd temperature is 4 hours ~ 6 hours, comprises endpoint value;
Take out after described graphite electrode is cooled naturally.
Preferably, described graphite electrode carries out the process of second time roasting, comprising:
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the 4th temperature, the scope of the 4th temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 10 DEG C/h ~ 15 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 4th temperature, the time range keeping the 4th temperature is 11 hours ~ 13 hours, comprises endpoint value;
Take out after described graphite electrode is cooled naturally.
The composite graphite electrode adopting said method to make, comprising:
Graphite electrode;
Be positioned at the endoporus of described graphite electrode one end, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
Mate with described endoporus and load the metal tubes in described endoporus, wherein, load the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode;
Fill the thickener in space between described endoporus and described metal tubes.
Preferably, described graphite electrode comprises the first coaxial cylindrical electrode and the second cylindrical electrode, described metal tubes runs through described second cylindrical electrode, and it is inner to be deep into described first cylindrical electrode, and the bottom surface radius of described second cylindrical electrode is less than the bottom surface radius of described first cylindrical electrode.
Preferably, the rounded bottom surface of described second cylindrical electrode has multiple equally distributed endoporus, wherein, described endoporus runs through described second cylindrical electrode but does not run through described first cylindrical electrode, and the U-shaped metal tubes matched with it is housed in described each endoporus.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
Composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof, formed deeply but do not run through the endoporus of described graphite electrode in one end of graphite electrode, the metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, and the import of described metal tubes after loading endoporus and outlet are all positioned at the outside of described graphite electrode, thus cold water can be passed in metal tubes, the temperature of graphite electrode is reduced by the cold water flowing through metal tubes, make graphite electrode can Long-Time Service at high operating temperatures, extend the useful life of graphite electrode.
Composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention, adopt resistant to elevated temperatures graphite as electrode material, avoid metal electrode to be at high temperature easily liquefied the problem causing the life-span short, and composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention combines the advantage of the high temperature resistant and metal tubes good water-cooling effect of graphite effectively, extend the useful life of electrode further, thus without the need to frequently changing electrode and refractory material, reduce maintenance frequency and the maintenance cost of electrode, improve overall economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is existing air/water cooling contact pin type electrode structure schematic diagram;
The process chart of the composite graphite method for making its electrode that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
The Structure of cross section schematic diagram of the composite graphite electrode that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two;
The plan structure schematic diagram of the composite graphite electrode that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
As described in background, the life-span of existing air/water cooling contact pin type electrode is shorter, inventor studies discovery, cause the reason of this problem mainly, metal material non-refractory, metal electrode is at high temperature easily liquefied, therefore, in order to ensure the conductivity of electrode, after the certain heat of use, just need to change electrode.Due to air/water cooling contact pin type electrode contact pilotage between refractory material and furnace bottom define an entirety, therefore, when changing electrode, bottom refractory is just needed to change together, thus make that maintenance difficulty is large, the cycle is long, make the cost of maintenance higher, have impact on overall economic benefit.
Based on this, the invention provides a kind of combined type graphite electrode and preparation method thereof, to overcome the problems referred to above that prior art exists, comprising:
Form endoporus in one end of graphite electrode, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
The metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, wherein, loads the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode;
Thickener is filled up in space between described graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall;
Graphite electrode described in roasting.
Composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof, formed deeply but do not run through the endoporus of described graphite electrode in one end of graphite electrode, the metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, and the import of described metal tubes after loading endoporus and outlet are all positioned at the outside of described graphite electrode, thus cold water can be passed in metal tubes, the temperature of graphite electrode is reduced by the cold water flowing through metal tubes, make graphite electrode can Long-Time Service at high operating temperatures, extend the useful life of graphite electrode.
Composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention, adopt resistant to elevated temperatures graphite as electrode material, avoid metal electrode to be at high temperature easily liquefied the problem causing the life-span short, and composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention combines the advantage of the high temperature resistant and metal tubes good water-cooling effect of graphite effectively, extend the useful life of electrode further, thus without the need to frequently changing electrode and refractory material, reduce maintenance frequency and the maintenance cost of electrode, improve overall economic benefit.
Be more than core concept of the present invention, for enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, are described in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Set forth a lot of detail in the following description so that fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also adopt other to be different from alternate manner described here to implement, those skilled in the art can when without prejudice to doing similar popularization when intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is by the restriction of following public specific embodiment.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail; for ease of explanation; represent that the profile of device architecture can be disobeyed general ratio and be made partial enlargement, and described schematic diagram is example, it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.In addition, the three-dimensional space of length, width and the degree of depth should be comprised in actual fabrication.
Describe in detail below by embodiment.
Embodiment one
Present embodiments provide a kind of manufacture method of composite graphite electrode, its process chart as shown in Figure 2.
S201: form endoporus in one end of graphite electrode, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
Graphite electrode in the present embodiment is high power graphite electrode, the raw material such as petroleum coke, needle coke adopting high-quality, after overmolding, roasting, dipping and graphitization, make through machining again, wherein, the shape of described graphite electrode can carry out machining as required, does not limit the shape of graphite electrode in the present embodiment.Certainly, the present embodiment does not also limit the manufacture method of graphite electrode, in other embodiments, additive method also can be adopted to prepare high-power graphite electrode.
Form endoporus in one end of described graphite electrode, preferably, described endoporus is multiple equally distributed endoporus, wherein, each endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode, and the length that each endoporus gos deep into described graphite electrode is identical.
S202: the metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, wherein, loads the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and exports the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode;
Preferably, the metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is U-shaped metal (stainless steel) pipeline, is to be formed by the overall identical thick-wall metal pipes curved way of pipe thickness, and the pipe thickness scope of described thick-walled metal pipeline is 5mm ~ 10mm, comprises endpoint value.For ensureing that the U-shaped metal tubes after bending can be mated with described endoporus, must ensure that described U-shaped metal tubes can load and go deep into described endoporus, namely the length entering the U-shaped metal tubes of described endoporus is slightly less than the length of described endoporus, wherein, load the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode, as shown in Figure 3, thus cold water can be passed in U-shaped metal tubes, the temperature of graphite electrode is reduced by the cold water flowing through graphite electrode inner metal tube road, make graphite electrode can Long-Time Service at high operating temperatures, extend the useful life of graphite electrode.
S203: thickener is filled up in the space between described graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall;
After metal tubes is loaded described endoporus, space is certainly existed between the inwall of graphite electrode endoporus and the outer wall of metal tubes, this is unfavorable for the fixing of metal tubes, also the use of graphite electrode is unfavorable for, therefore, thickener need be adopted to be filled up in described space, and the described thickener in the present embodiment is carbon paste.
S204: graphite electrode described in roasting.
After thickener is filled up in space between graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall, just made green compact combination electrode, then green compact combination electrode has been put into baking furnace and carry out roasting, made shaping composite graphite electrode, wherein, the process of roasting, comprising:
S2041: described graphite electrode is put into baking furnace, carries out first time roasting;
Rise to the first temperature by the temperature in baking furnace, the scope of the first temperature is 220 DEG C ~ 240 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and this stage programming rate is unsuitable too fast, and the scope of heating rate is 30 DEG C/h ~ 40 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value; Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the second temperature, and the scope of the second temperature is 290 DEG C ~ 310 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and this stage programming rate is also unsuitable too fast, and the scope of heating rate is 6 DEG C/h ~ 8 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value; Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the 3rd temperature, the scope of the 3rd temperature is 940 DEG C ~ 960 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 7 DEG C/h ~ 9 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value; Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 3rd temperature, the time range keeping the 3rd temperature is 4 hours ~ 6 hours, comprises endpoint value; Take out after described graphite electrode being naturally cooled to the temperature range of 100 DEG C ~ 960 DEG C.
S2042: the graphite electrode after first time roasting is immersed liquid impregnation agent;
Graphite electrode after first time roasting is immersed in the liquid impregnation agent in autoclave, repeats 2 ~ 3 times.In the process of first time roasting, due to the effusion of volatile ingredient, a large amount of small holes is defined in graphite electrode, make the graphite electrode after first time roasting can not meet the demand of high volume density, high mechanical properties, high conduction performance, therefore, need flood the graphite electrode after bakes to burn the article and after baking process, to reduce the hole in graphite electrode.In autoclave, by process conditions such as certain temperature, pressure, liquid impregnation agent is immersed in the graphite electrode after bakes to burn the article, fill up described hole as much as possible, repeat 2 ~ 3 times, and then the graphite electrode after dipping is heat-treated, be i.e. second time roasting.
S2043: the graphite electrode after dipping is put into baking furnace, carries out second time roasting.
Rise to the 4th temperature by the temperature in baking furnace, the scope of the 4th temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 10 DEG C/h ~ 15 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value; Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 4th temperature, the time range keeping the 4th temperature is 11 hours ~ 13 hours, comprises endpoint value; Take out after described graphite electrode is cooled naturally.
After taking out the shaping composite graphite electrode of after baking, compressed air is passed in the metal tubes of composite graphite electrode, remove the dust etc. in metal tubes, to ensure the unimpeded of pipeline, then hydraulic pressure test is carried out to described composite graphite electrode, to ensure that composite graphite electrode can normally use.
The manufacture method of the composite graphite electrode that the present embodiment provides, formed deeply but do not run through the endoporus of described graphite electrode in one end of graphite electrode, the metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, and the import of described metal tubes after loading endoporus and outlet are all positioned at the outside of described graphite electrode, thus cold water can be passed in metal tubes, the temperature of graphite electrode is reduced by the cold water flowing through metal tubes, make graphite electrode can Long-Time Service at high operating temperatures, extend the useful life of graphite electrode.
Embodiment two
Present embodiments provide a kind of composite graphite electrode, its Structure of cross section schematic diagram, as shown in Figure 3, described composite graphite comprises:
Graphite electrode 301;
Be positioned at the endoporus of described graphite electrode one end, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
Mate with described endoporus and load the metal tubes 302 in described endoporus, wherein, load the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode;
Fill the thickener in space between described endoporus and described metal tubes.
Graphite electrode 301 in the present embodiment is high power graphite electrode, and described graphite electrode 301 comprises the first coaxial cylindrical electrode and the second cylindrical electrode, described metal tubes runs through described second cylindrical electrode, and it is inner to be deep into described first cylindrical electrode, and the bottom surface radius of described second cylindrical electrode is less than the bottom surface radius of described first cylindrical electrode.
The plan structure schematic diagram of the composite graphite electrode that the present embodiment provides, as shown in Figure 4, the rounded bottom surface of described second assize electrode ink has multiple equally distributed endoporus, wherein, described endoporus runs through described second cylindrical electrode but does not run through described first cylindrical electrode, and the U-shaped metal tubes matched with it is housed in described each endoporus.
The composite graphite electrode that the present embodiment provides, adopt resistant to elevated temperatures graphite as electrode material, avoid metal electrode to be at high temperature easily liquefied the problem causing the life-span short, and composite graphite electrode provided by the present invention combines the advantage of the high temperature resistant and metal tubes good water-cooling effect of graphite effectively, extend the useful life of electrode further, thus without the need to frequently changing electrode and refractory material, reduce maintenance frequency and the maintenance cost of electrode, improve overall economic benefit.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (8)
1. a manufacture method for composite graphite electrode, is characterized in that, comprising:
Form endoporus in one end of graphite electrode, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
The metal tubes of mating with described endoporus is loaded described endoporus, wherein, load the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode, described metal tubes is U-shaped metal tubes, is to be formed by the overall identical thick-wall metal pipes curved way of pipe thickness;
Thickener is filled up in space between described graphite electrode endoporus and metal tubes outer wall, and described thickener is carbon paste;
Graphite electrode described in roasting.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described endoporus formed in one end of graphite electrode is multiple equally distributed endoporus, and in each described endoporus, the metal tubes matched with it is housed.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the process of described roasting graphite electrode, comprising:
Described graphite electrode is put into baking furnace, carries out first time roasting;
Graphite electrode after first time roasting is immersed liquid impregnation agent;
Graphite electrode after dipping is put into baking furnace, carries out second time roasting.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described graphite electrode carries out the process of first time roasting, comprising:
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the first temperature, and the scope of the first temperature is 220 DEG C ~ 240 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 30 DEG C/h ~ 40 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the second temperature, and the scope of the second temperature is 290 DEG C ~ 310 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 6 DEG C/h ~ 8 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the 3rd temperature, the scope of the 3rd temperature is 940 DEG C ~ 960 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 7 DEG C/h ~ 9 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 3rd temperature, the time range keeping the 3rd temperature is 4 hours ~ 6 hours, comprises endpoint value;
Take out after described graphite electrode is cooled naturally.
5. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described graphite electrode carries out the process of second time roasting, comprising:
Temperature in baking furnace is risen to the 4th temperature, the scope of the 4th temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, comprises endpoint value, and the scope of heating rate is 10 DEG C/h ~ 15 DEG C/h, comprises endpoint value;
Make the temperature in baking furnace remain on the 4th temperature, the time range keeping the 4th temperature is 11 hours ~ 13 hours, comprises endpoint value;
Take out after described graphite electrode is cooled naturally.
6. the composite graphite electrode that the method according to any one of claim 1-5 makes, is characterized in that, comprising:
Graphite electrode;
Be positioned at the endoporus of described graphite electrode one end, wherein, described endoporus gos deep into the inside of described graphite electrode, but does not run through described graphite electrode;
Mate with described endoporus and load the metal tubes in described endoporus, wherein, load the import of the described metal tubes after endoporus and export the outside being all positioned at described graphite electrode, described metal tubes is U-shaped metal tubes, is to be formed by the overall identical thick-wall metal pipes curved way of pipe thickness;
Fill the thickener in space between described endoporus and described metal tubes, described thickener is carbon paste.
7. composite graphite electrode according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described graphite electrode comprises the first coaxial cylindrical electrode and the second cylindrical electrode, described metal tubes runs through described second cylindrical electrode, and it is inner to be deep into described first cylindrical electrode, and the bottom surface radius of described second cylindrical electrode is less than the bottom surface radius of described first cylindrical electrode.
8. composite graphite electrode according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the rounded bottom surface of described second cylindrical electrode has multiple equally distributed endoporus, wherein, described endoporus runs through described second cylindrical electrode but does not run through described first cylindrical electrode, and the U-shaped metal tubes matched with it is housed in each described endoporus.
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