CN1042092C - 含有κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制备方法 - Google Patents

含有κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1042092C
CN1042092C CN93114328A CN93114328A CN1042092C CN 1042092 C CN1042092 C CN 1042092C CN 93114328 A CN93114328 A CN 93114328A CN 93114328 A CN93114328 A CN 93114328A CN 1042092 C CN1042092 C CN 1042092C
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casein
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composition
cream
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D·S·本内特
A·D·琼斯
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Unilever NV
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/40Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the dairy products used
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/36Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
    • A23G9/363Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins containing microorganisms, enzymes

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Abstract

通过用凝乳酶解离k-酷朊蛋白质组分来改善含乳蛋白的冰淇淋制品的性质。

Description

含有κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制备方法
本发明涉及含乳蛋白质的冰甜味制品的制法。具体地讲,本发明涉及含κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制法。在冰甜味制品中添加这种蛋白质的途径是多种多样的,因而可以混配出诸如液奶、奶油、脱脂奶、奶粉和脱脂奶粉等众多的制品。本发明具体适用于冰淇淋,但也可用于冰奶。冰冻酸乳酪和冰冻牛奶蛋糊。这些冰甜味制品在低温下制备,在冰冻状态下进行消费。
制备冰甜味制品的组合物已有多年的历史,组合物包括大量的组分可提供具体所需的产品特性。但是近来消费者一般都要求产品为天然产品,混合的只有基本的常规组分。对于冰淇淋来说,这些常规组分是奶油、奶、糖和可选的调味品。
现在冰甜味制品的生产面临着一个问题,那就是制备与新产品相称的制品要用各种功能的组分,然而可用的组分是有限的。随着近年的发展,冰甜味制品中将会含有诸如胶凝剂如明胶和洋槐豆胶(LBG)、乳化剂和乳化稳定剂等功能组分。
有关文献已很好地阐述了冰甜味制品的情况,在Arbuckle和JSoc Dairy Technology 1990,43(1)第17-20页中可以了解到其概况。
US4626441(Woldstein)描述了天冬酰胺和其它甜味剂以及膨胀剂在冰冻甜食中的应用。粗制凝乳酶连同大量其它的物质,被引用作为膨胀剂。但是没有证明凝乳酶也具有乳化剂和稳定剂性质,也没有述及解离程度的重要性。
本发明具体的说是替换掉稳定剂和乳化剂组分。这可通过有效量的凝乳酶来进行,这种凝乳酶能够离解奶品中的κ-酪朊蛋白质。本申请者发现解离约15%至约70%的酪朊,最好是解离得20%至约60%的酪朊,就可产生起乳化剂和稳定性功能组分。如果解离度在15%以下就不会出现本发明的效果,如果在70%以上,就会导致蛋白质的凝固。在冰淇淋中,稳定剂可以在两种物理性质上提供保障,那就是预混物的粘度和溶化稳定性。凝乳酶的加入所提供的预混物粘度完全可与标准稳定剂所起的效果相媲美。酶的存在也改善了溶化性,提高了抗熔化力。这样本发明的使用保证了消费时冰甜味制品的结构稳定性。
在κ-酪朊组分中所需的离解度可通过混合两种来源的κ-酪朊来得到。通常所用的方法是将一种κ-酪朊解离到所需的程度。但是将一种未解离的酪朊与另一种解离度在70%以上的酪朊相混合也可以得到同样有效的结果。后者可解离至100%,这在作为单一源使用时是不能令人满意的。混合时,当一种κ-酪朊是未解离的或者是低解离度的,那么另一种高解离度的酪朊就要使其达到具有20%至70%解离度的效果。在一些生产过程中混合物的使用可能会易于使用和监测。
具有解离了的κ-酪朊也会改变冰淇淋或其它甜味制品的结构。这可以通过可在稳定的乳液中存在的脂肪微粒的颗粒大小来证明。
业已发现,含解离了的κ-酪朊的冰甜味制品具有为消费者所接受的性质。由于凝乳酶而引起的酶解离可通过测定GMP肽的释放来监测。这类凝乳酶的特性已被很好的勾划出来,他们包括粗制品、微生物制品和那些通过基因工程获得的制品。
κ-酪朊离解成副κ-酪朊和大分子肽。在正常含量的钙离子存在下,所述的酶改变了乳蛋白质的胶化状态。
Modilase S(可从Chr Hansen's Laboratorium A/S获得)就是这种酶的一个例子。
测定方法
下列方法用于测定和评价按照本发明制备的产品。(1)酪朊解离-解离的程度可通过测定酶反应时糖朊巨肽GMP的释放量来监测。释放量用带有高效柱的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行定量测定。
使用Varian 9050可变波长紫外可见光检测器以及Varian 910溶剂输送系统,配上TSK-Gel G2000 SWXL7.8mm×30cm柱和TSKSWXL7.8mm×4cm保护柱来进行分析。
将磷酸氢二钾(1.74g),磷酸二氢钾(12.37g)和硫酸钠(2.41g)溶解在1000ml重蒸水中用作洗脱液。
将1ml样品手动注射到带有20μl它量环管的Rheodyne进样阀中。流速设在1.0ml/min,检测波长设在214nm。
用Munichan分析(1.65版)处理设备进行GMP峰的分析处理,这种处理设备可通过观察色谱运行始末基线的变化来计算峰面积。
用于凝胶渗透色谱的酶/GMP溶液的制备:在设定温度和设定时间下对GMP和酶溶液进行培养,然后加入三氯乙酸以抑制酶的活性,混合物用Whatman54号硬化滤纸进行过滤,进样前,溶液用0.2μm微孔滤膜再过滤一次。在该研究中所用的方法在Hooydonk的论文“Therenneting of milk”中有更详细的解释,作者地址为AgriculturayUniversity,Wageningen,Netherlands,所用的方法包括了用8%三氯乙酸选择性地沉淀乳清蛋白的过程。乳清蛋白的保留时间与GMP差不多,不过不象GMP,乳清蛋白在280nm紫外光下有吸收。因此观察280nm波长下的色谱图,就可知道是否可能有乳清蛋白的干扰。(2)粘度-预混物表观粘度可在5℃下用Carrimed粘度计以100秒-1进行测定,粘度单位是帕斯卡·秒(PaS)。(3)冰淇淋制品的熔化性可通过在20℃至常温即25℃的温度条件下将样品置于金属滤网上的方法进行测定。起始时间(单位:分)是制品失重4%所经过的时间,重量损失率(%)是指放置4小时后制品重量占起始重量的百分比。收集率(重量%/小时)是指从起始时间起,总共4小时时间所收集的液体总量上升的平均速率。(4)脂肪微滴-预混物中脂肪微滴的大小可通过激光散射仪(Malvern Mastersizer)进行测定,记录为厘米表示的体积动量平均直径(volume moment mean diametcr)D[4,3]。
现在将用实施例来说明本发明的情况,但本发明并不局限于实施例所述的。
用下列基本组分来配制冰淇淋:
组分                 重量%
GMP                  9.00
蔗糖                 16.00
奶油(含48%4脂肪)    26.00
调味                 0.27
水                   48.73
将GMP(4.5Kg)的水(24.365Kg)溶液加热到37℃的设定温度,一边搅拌一边加入Modilase S14(25ml)的水(1000ml)溶液。就是说每公斤GMP溶液用10g酶溶液。混合物在37℃培养5分钟,然后迅速加热至83℃并在此温度停留15分钟使酶失活。通过标准化试验得知这样处理后κ-酪朊离解率为50%。加入蔗糖(8Kg)和奶油(13Kg),混合均匀,成为冰淇淋预混物。然后将混合物进行消毒、冷却、老化和冰冻,冰冻过程中充入超出110%的气体。
                    实施例1
含酶或洋槐豆胶(LBG)的冰淇淋预混物的表观粘度测定值列于表1中。
表Ⅰ
组分               粘度(上)PaS     粘度(下)PaS
Modilase           0.65            0.25
LBG(0.1%)         0.07            0.07
LBG(0.5%)         0.78            0.77
空白对照           0.03            0.03
商业上要求         0.50            0.40
可以看到使用凝乳酶制作的产品其粘度可满足商品冰淇淋的要求。
冰淇淋制品的熔化性测定结果列于表Ⅱ中。
表Ⅱ
组分               起始时间       收集率     失重率
                    (min)        (%/hr)       (%)
Modilase           90            20.0     51.0
LBG(0.1%)         30            26.0     77.0
LBG(0.5%)         77            10.5     33.2
空白对照           22            25.4     86.4
可以看出用凝乳酶的制品与用LBG的制品的溶化性基本相近。相对于空白对照品,起始时间上有明显地改善。
含有酶或者合乎标准的乳化剂Admul 4103(可从Quest Ltd ofAshford,England获得)的预混物中脂肪微滴的大小测定结果列在表Ⅲ中。
表Ⅲ
组分                      D[4,3]微米
Modilase                  15.0
Admul(0.1%)              0.8
Admul(0.5%)              0.8
空白对照                  1.0
商业上要求                1.1
可以看到用了凝乳酶,稳定乳液中脂肪微滴体积更大。
                     实施例2
重复实施例1,但所用的κ-酪朊的解离度取几个不同的水平。与之相对应的冰淇淋的熔化性见图1所示。图1中所代表的几种κ-酪朊原料是这样的:
曲线            解度
Ⅰ              0(对照)
Ⅱ              25
Ⅲ              50
Ⅳ              75
Ⅴ              100
图1显示出了失重(百分率)对时间作出的曲线;可以看到使用解离范围约20%至约70%的κ-酪朊,其对应的产品熔化性最好。

Claims (3)

1.包含作为乳蛋白组分的κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(ⅰ)使κ-酪朊在适当的温度下与凝乳酶接触足够的时间,使蛋白质中κ-酪朊的解离度达到15%至70%;
(ⅱ)将冰淇淋预混物的其余成分加入并均化至如此获得的混合物中,形成冰淇淋预混物;
(ⅲ)将该冰淇淋预混物充气并冷冻。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中所述的κ-酪朊被解离至少20%。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述的κ-酪朊被解离至多达70%。
CN93114328A 1992-11-06 1993-11-05 含有κ-酪朊的冰淇淋的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1042092C (zh)

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GB929224136A GB9224136D0 (en) 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Ice confections
GB9224136.3 1992-11-18

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US6610348B2 (en) 1997-02-17 2003-08-26 Fonterra Tech Limited Gelling agents and gels containing them
GB0221565D0 (en) 2002-09-17 2002-10-23 Unilever Plc Frozen aerated products
ES2382100T3 (es) * 2006-10-20 2012-06-05 Nestec S.A. Péptidos estructurantes del hielo de origen láctico

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1313807A (en) * 1970-07-02 1973-04-18 Lenderink & Co Nv Ice for human consumption
US3889001A (en) * 1973-08-20 1975-06-10 Gen Foods Corp Hydrolyzed protein in non-dairy whipped topping
GB2021921A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-12 Unilever Ltd Stabilised milk proteins- containing compositions

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CH459731A (fr) * 1966-07-06 1968-07-15 Nestle Sa Procédé de conservation de produits contenant des protéines lactiques

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1313807A (en) * 1970-07-02 1973-04-18 Lenderink & Co Nv Ice for human consumption
US3889001A (en) * 1973-08-20 1975-06-10 Gen Foods Corp Hydrolyzed protein in non-dairy whipped topping
GB2021921A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-12 Unilever Ltd Stabilised milk proteins- containing compositions

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