CN104208398A - 用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的治疗药物，特别是涉及一种动物、植物、中草药为原料制成的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物及其制备方法，属于医药领域。按重量份数计，是由下述原料制成的药剂：炭炙蟾蜍0.5～1.5份，丹参100～150份，川芎150～200份，水蛭30～50份，五灵脂80～100份，檀香10～30份，石菖蒲80～100份，百合150～200份，远志100～150份，麦冬150～200份，薤白80～100份，桂枝80～100份。首先将所述的原料干燥粉碎至100～200目细粉，过筛；然后按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成药剂。本发明采用纯天然的动物、植物、中草药组成，药性温和，无毒副作用和不良反应，适合冠心病、心绞痛，心肌梗死、心律失常患者长期服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的治疗药物，特别是涉及一种动物、植物、中草药为原料制成的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物及其制备方法，属于医药领域。
背景技术
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是指冠状动脉由于粥样硬化造成管腔狭窄闭塞、痉挛，导致心肌缺血甚至坏死的一种心脏病，本病多发于40岁以上，男性多于女性，且以脑力劳动者为多，常与高血压、高血脂症、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、社会心理因素有关。临床多表现为心胸疼痛，如刺如绞，隐痛等。痛有定处，入夜为甚，则心痛彻背，背痛彻心，胸闷气短，心悸怔忡等症。而且，冠心病可引起心绞痛、心肌梗死、原发性心脏停搏、心力衰竭、心律失常等不可逆转的病症。
实践证明，祖国医学在冠心病方面治疗积累了丰富的经验，中医更强调整体治疗，标本兼治，辩证治疗为主。中药以不良反应少而著称，因此研制治疗该病的中药制剂是很有意义和必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以动物、植物、中草药为原料制成的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物及其制备方法，解决现有技术中存在的治疗效果差，见效慢，患者痛苦加重等问题，可以缓解心胸疼痛剧烈、入夜为甚、心悸怔忡、胸闷气短、痛引肩背等症状，使冠心病得到缓解。
为了达到上述的目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，按重量份数计，是由下述原料制成的药剂：炭炙蟾蜍0.5～1.5份，丹参100～150份，川芎150～200份，水蛭30～50份，五灵脂80～100份，檀香10～30份，石菖蒲80～100份，百合150～200份，远志100～150份，麦冬150～200份，薤白80～100份，桂枝80～100份。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，药剂是任何一种药剂学上所说的剂型。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，药剂是散剂、水泛丸、块剂、蜜丸或胶囊。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，首先，将所述的原料：炭炙蟾蜍、丹参、川芎、水蛭、五灵脂、檀香、石菖蒲、百合、远志、麦冬、薤白、桂枝，干燥粉碎至100～200目细粉，过筛；然后按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成药剂。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，药剂为散剂；或者，所述的药剂为水泛丸，经阴干；或者，所述的药剂直接装入胶囊；或者，所述的药剂加入蜂蜜制成蜜丸。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，药剂加工成饼干形状的固体块剂，此时需要常规方法，再添加药用粘合剂，在负压下压制成形，干燥并真空方式包装，得到膨松的块剂。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，药剂服用方法采用口服，一日2～3次，一次3～6克，直接用温水冲服，或者将药丸碾碎或嚼碎后用温水冲服。
所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，炭炙蟾蜍的制备过程如下：第一次把蟾蜍陶瓷容器中，用柴火烤，除了内脏未熟之外，使蟾皮和蟾皮内的躯体烤熟，此时取出内脏；第二次继续把蟾蜍放到瓦上，用炭火烤干、粉碎，形成炭炙蟾蜍。
本发明的药理如下：
炭炙蟾蜍：蟾蜍味腥、温。归心经，具有解毒、止痛、开窍、强心等功效，具有抗血小板聚集，抗凝血，促进造血功能，可以治疗心力衰竭。炭炙蟾蜍可以清热、解毒、消肿止痛、镇静、利尿，还能迅速有效地增强体质和提高免疫功能，促进人本代谢自然平衡。另外，蟾蜍制剂可增强心肌收缩力，增加心搏出量，减低心率并消除水肿与呼吸困难。
在制作炭炙蟾蜍时，第一次把蟾蜍陶瓷容器中，用柴火烤，除了内脏未熟之外，使蟾皮和蟾皮内的躯体烤熟，此时取出内脏，其他躯体、蟾皮和血液循环系统等均可以实现入药而不发生破坏，药效不会流失，还可防止药效破坏。第二次继续把蟾蜍放到瓦上，瓦用醋和酒精按体积比1：1浸泡1～2小时消毒，用炭火烤干、粉碎，形成炭炙蟾蜍；其中，瓦具有透气性，炭可以解毒，实现恒温烘干，利于发挥药效，并降低和去除蟾蜍本身的毒性。
丹参：性味苦，微寒，归心、肝经，有祛瘀止痛，活血通经，清心除烦之功效。丹参具有活血散淤、扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌缺血状况、降低血压、安神静心、降血糖等功效，对心烦失眠、心绞痛等病症有一定的疗效。据《滇南本草》记载：补心定志，安神宁心。治健忘怔冲，惊悸不寐。据《纲目》记载：活血，通心包络。实验表明：丹参可降低沙土鼠和大鼠缺血性脑卒中的发病率和死亡率，减轻缺血后引起的脑水肿。还可降低脑组织TXB2、P物质及拮抗LDL(低密度脂蛋白)的过氧化作用。在缺血再灌注模型中可使c-fos基因表达上调以及内皮素(ET)基因表达下调，降低脑NO及脂质过氧化。此外，丹参还可以使成纤维细胞生长因子(BFGF)样的免疫反应增强，具有加强营养及修复作用。用三氯化铁局部涂抹损伤血管，形成大鼠大脑中动脉的血栓模型，观察乙酰丹酚酸A对大脑中动脉血栓所致局部脑缺血的预防作用，可见乙酰丹酚酸A静注可显著抑制大脑中动脉内血栓的形成，降低大鼠脑梗死的范围，改善行为障碍。还有，丹参对血液的影响：⑴改善血液流变性；⑵抑制凝血、激活纤溶；⑶抑制血小板功能和抗血栓形成；⑷稳定红细胞膜。丹参活血祛瘀、理气止痛，增加冠状动脉流量，改善微循环，抗凝抗血栓，降血脂，用于心绞痛、高血压、颈椎病以及胸中憋闷等病症。
川芎：味辛，性温，归肝、胆、心经，气香升散，具有活血行气、祛风止痛的功效，扩张冠状动脉和外周血管，增加血管壁弹性，降压抗血小板聚集，抗血栓，改善脑循环，可用于冠心病、心绞痛和风湿痹痛。常用于活血行气，祛风止痛，川芎辛温香燥，走而不守，既能行散，上行可达巅顶；又入血分，下行可达血海。活血祛瘀作用广泛，适宜瘀血阻滞各种病症；祛风止痛，效用甚佳，可治头风头痛、风湿痹痛等症。昔人谓川芎为血中之气药，殆言其寓辛散、解郁、通达、止痛等功能。川芎对心血管系统和心脏的作用，川芎煎剂对离体蟾蜍和蛙心脏，在浓度在10-5～10-4时使收缩振幅增大、心率稍慢。川芎对中枢神经系统有明显的镇静作用，川芎挥发油少量时对动物大脑的活动具有抑制作用，而对延脑呼吸中枢、血管运动中枢及脊髓反射中枢具有兴奋作用。川芎煎剂分别给大、小鼠ig均能抑制其自发活动，使戊巴比妥钠引起的小鼠睡眠时间延长，并能对抗咖啡因(20mg/kg)的兴奋作用。
水蛭：性味咸苦，平。入肝、膀胱经。破血逐淤，改善血液流变性，改善微循环，抗血小板聚集，抗凝溶栓，降血脂血压，在处理诸如动脉粥样硬化、脑血管梗塞、心血管病、高血压的疾病方面，显示出巨大的优越性和广阔的前景，具有调节人体脂质代谢、治疗和预防心脑血管疾病等功效。水蛭本身具有很高的入药价值，经过干燥全体入药，含有水蛭素以及丰富的蛋白质，还有活血、散瘀、通经的功效，在防治心脑血管疾病和抗癌方面具有特效。(1)水蛭对血液的作用：水蛭素能阻止凝血酶对纤维蛋白的作用，阻碍血液凝固，水蛭素不受热或乙醇之破坏。水蛭尚可分泌一种组胺样物质，因而可扩张毛细血管而增加出血。水蛭水提取物对ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集有明显抑制作用，亦能明显抑制正常人的血小板聚集，有抗血栓形成的作用。实验表明：水蛭在体外对纤维蛋白有较强的纤溶作用，其活性显著高于丹参和大黄；在体内亦有纤溶活性，能使家兔优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)显著缩短。因此，水蛭能活化纤溶系统，溶解血栓。亦有报告指出，水蛭素对实验性血栓形成有明显抑制作用，对凝血酶所致之实验性静脉血栓有溶解作用。水蛭水提取液能降低大鼠的全血比黏度和血浆比黏度，缩短红细胞电泳时间。临床研究表明：水蛭对缺血性脑血管病患者因血液流变性异常而出现的浓、黏、聚状态有改善作用。(2)对心血管系统的作用：水蛭对心肌营养性血流量有一定程度的增加作用；对组织缺血缺氧有保护作用。水蛭素能对抗垂体后叶素引起的家兔冠状动脉痉挛，有抑制心肌缺血的治疗作用。水蛭能明显消退主动脉粥样硬化斑，使斑块内胶原纤维增生，胆固醇结晶减少，对防治动脉粥样硬化有潜在的应用价值。水蛭有扩张毛细血管、改善微循环、增加肾脏血流量的作用。其改善微循环的作用，与肝素相仿，只是作用时间短暂。实验表明：水蛭有扩张外周血管、增加血流量和减少血管阻力的作用。
五灵脂(正五灵脂Faeces Trogopterori)：性味甘温，无毒，入肝经，具有疏通血脉，散瘀止痛的功效。五灵脂20mg/kg股动脉注入使麻醉狗股动脉血流量增加，血管阻力降低。五灵脂水提液200ug/ml可显著降低大鼠乳鼠体外培养心肌细胞的耗氧量。五灵脂水提液2.0g/ml有增强体外纤维蛋白溶解作用，还有缓解平滑肌痉挛的作用，可用于心绞痛。
檀香：味辛，性温，无毒。入脾、胃、肺经，可理气调中，散寒止痛，开窍醒神。含挥发油(白檀香)3％～5％。油含α-檀香萜醇和β-檀香萜醇90％以上，檀萜烯、α-檀香萜烯和β-檀香萜烯、檀萜烯酮、檀萜烯酮醇、及少量的檀香萜酸、檀油酸、紫檀萜醛等，可以理气和胃，用于治疗心腹疼痛等。
石菖蒲(拉丁学名：Acorus tatarinowii)：性味辛、微温，入心、肝、脾经，具有开窍豁痰、理气活血、散风祛湿的功效。化瘀开窍，安神益智，增加冠状动脉流量。化湿开胃，开窍豁痰，醒神益智，治心气不定、五脏不足。石菖蒲对心血管系统的作用：石菖蒲挥发油(β-细辛醚)在一定浓度下有使豚鼠冠状血管扩张的作用。临床常用于冠心病、肺心病等属于痰浊气滞之胸痹者的治疗，其机制可能与其能增加冠脉流量有关，还可能与镇静、改善消化机能、平喘、镇咳等作用有关。另外，石菖蒲有镇静作用：煎剂或挥发油均能使小鼠自发活动减少，解除单笼饲养小鼠的攻击行为；亦能延长戊巴比妥钠所致的睡眠时间，对阈下催眠剂量的戊巴比妥钠有协同作用。
百合：性味甘微苦，平。据《药品化义》记载：入肺、心、胆三经。中药百合中含有生物碱、皂苷、磷脂、多糖等活性成分，还含有淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和大量微量元素等营养物质，可润肺止咳，清心安神。据《日华子本草》记载：安心，定胆，益志，养五脏。百合的镇静作用：小鼠停食8小时后，分别ig百合20g/kg，用酸枣仁作阳性对照，空白用生理盐水，给药30分钟ip戊巴比妥钠40mg/kg，以翻正反射消失到恢复的时间作为睡眠时指标。同时观察对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量睡眠率的影响。均具有显着地增加戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间及阈下剂量的睡眠率，提示有明显的镇静作用。
远志(学名：Polygala tenuifolia Willd)：性味苦、辛、温。归经归心、肾、肺经，主要有效成分为皂苷、口山酮、寡糖酯和生物碱等，可以安神、镇静、降压、解郁。据《本经》记载：主咳逆伤中，补不足，除邪气，利九窍，益智慧，耳目聪明，不忘，强志倍力。
麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)：性味甘，微苦，微寒。归心、肺、胃经。滋阴生津、润肺止咳、清心除烦，适于心阴不足、心烦不眠、舌红少苔者内热扰心之证，对缓解心绞痛、胸闷及改善心电图均有一定作用。含β-谷甾醇、氨基酸、多量葡萄糖及葡萄糖甙。能提高免疫功能，提高机体适应能力；有抗心律失常和扩张外周血管的作用，能提高耐缺氧能力。据《本草汇言》记载：麦门冬，清心润肺之药也。主心气不足，惊悸怔忡，健忘恍惚，精神失守；或肺热肺燥，咳声连发，肺痿叶焦，短气虚喘，火伏肺中，咯血咳血；或虚劳客热，津液干少；或脾胃燥涸，虚秘便难；此皆心肺肾脾元虚火郁之证也。然而味甘气平，能益肺金，味苦性寒，能降心火，体润质补，能养肾髓，专治劳损虚热之功居多。如前古主心腹结气，伤中伤饱，胃络脉绝，羸瘦短气等疾，则属劳损明矣。研究表明，对心血管系统的影响：用八木-Hartung法离体蟾蜍心脏灌流证明，麦冬总皂甙I(粗提物)加强心肌收缩力作用最强，而总皂甙Ⅱ(较纯物)作用不及总皂甙Ⅰ，一般在心肌收缩力增强的同时伴有心输出量的增加。大剂量的总皂甙Ⅰ、Ⅱ及总糖对心脏均产生抑制，可使心肌收缩力减弱、心输出量减少，房室传导阻滞、甚至停傅。总皂甙Ⅰ、Ⅱ、总糖、总氨基酸对心率一般稍减慢或不变，均无明显影响。用Langendorff法豚鼠离体心脏灌流表明，麦冬总皂甙及总氨基酸小剂量均可使心肌收缩力增强，冠脉流量增加，大剂量则抑制心肌，减少冠脉流量，但两者对心率无影响。麦冬可能使梗塞后心肌营养血流量增加，缺血缺氧的心肌细胞较快获得修复与保护，致使心肌cGMP和cAMP的释放减少，从而降低血浆中的含量，而使两者比值恢复平衡。
薤白：性味辛、苦，温。归心、肺、胃、大肠经。行气通阳，行气导滞，用于胸痹心痛，抗动脉硬化。每100克可食部分含水分29克，蛋白质4.4克，脂肪0.2克，碳水化合物23.6克，粗纤维0.7克，钙5毫克，磷44毫克，铁0.4毫克，维生素B10.24毫克，B20.03毫克，维生素C3毫克，尼克酸0.9毫克。治胸痹之病，喘息咳唾，胸背痛，短气。有宽胸行气止痛作用，适用于冠心病之胸闷不舒或心绞痛。
桂枝：(学名：Cinnamomum cassia Presl)：性味辛、甘，温，入肺、心、膀胱经，是主治里寒常用的温里药，具有补元阳、通血脉、暖脾胃之功效。据清代《医学衷中参西录》记载：“逆气上逆者多由于肝，其能降逆者，以其味辛，且华于秋，得金气而善平肝木。凡逆气之源于肝而上逆者，桂枝皆能降之”，充分论述了桂枝利肝肺气，降逆气，散邪气之功。
本发明解决方案是基于祖国医学对冠心病的发明机理的认识及治疗原则：冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是指冠状动脉粥样硬化使血管腔狭窄、阻塞成冠状动脉痉挛，导致心肌缺血、缺氧成坏死而引起的心脏病，中医认为本病病位在心，涉及肝脾肾等脏器，心气不足，淤血痹阻，气滞寒凝为主要机制，以滋阴养血(百合、远志、麦冬、石菖蒲、丹参)、活血化瘀(炭炙蟾蜍、丹参、川芎、水蛭)、宣痹通脉(炭炙蟾蜍、川芎、五灵脂、檀香、石菖蒲)、止痛养心(炭炙蟾蜍、檀香、五灵脂、薤白、桂枝)等治法，达到治疗冠心病的目的。本发明对心肌缺血缺氧引起的疼痛、胸闷、心悸怔忡、五心烦热有明显的治疗效果，其总有效率达95％。上述药物采用纯天然的动物、植物、组成，药物温和无毒副作用和不良反应。
本发明的优点及有益效果如下：
1、本发明选用的天然的动物、植物、药物为原料，采用炭炙蟾蜍、丹参、川芎、水蛭、五灵脂、檀香、石菖蒲、百合、远志、麦冬、薤白、桂枝组合为一个整体，各组分符合药政法规定，利用各味中药的综合作用，治疗冠心病引起的心绞痛、心肌梗死和疼痛胸闷，心悸怔忡，五心烦热都有非常好的效果。并且，本发明将多组配伍有机的结合，如：川芎、丹参协同作用，可以活血祛瘀，安神除烦，增加冠状动脉和外周血液流量，抗凝降脂。水蛭、五灵脂协同作用，可以活血止痛、化瘀，抗血小板聚集，降血脂，改善血液流变性，改善微循环。百合、麦冬协同作用，可以消心安神除烦，养阴，改善心肌收缩力，抗心肌缺血，抗心律失常。丹参、川芎、炭炙蟾蜍协同作用，可以形气活血、补气开窍。远志、石菖蒲协同作用，可以治久心痛、心气不足、五脏不足、忧愁悲伤不乐。薤白与桂枝协同作用，可以治胸痹，心中痞气，气结在胸，胸满，胁下逆抢心。
2、本发明既可制成不同的剂型，也可直接用于煎煮。
3、本发明可以快速缓解疼痛、胸闷、惊悸怔忡等，减轻心绞痛的发作。
4、本发明可以对心衰、心律失常、房颤得到缓解和转律。
5、本发明活血化瘀，通经活络，醒神开窍。
为了表明本发明对冠心病的治疗效果采用该中药制剂，用于治疗冠心病100例，其中症状完全缓解者95例，总有效率100％，症状完全缓解率达95％，使患者心绞痛等症状逐渐缓解等。本发明采用纯天然的动物、植物组成，药性温和，无毒副作用和不良反应，适合冠心病的治疗。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1
按重量份数计，炭炙蟾蜍粉0.5份，丹参100份，川芎150份，水蛭30份，五灵脂80份，檀香10份，石菖蒲80份，百合150份，远志100份，麦冬180份，薤白80份，桂枝80份。
将上述的药物干燥粉碎至120目细粉，过筛，按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成散剂，该散剂用水泛丸，阴干。水泛丸(水丸)系将药物细粉用冷开水为粘合(润湿)剂制成的小球形丸剂。
患者丁某，男48岁，近2年胸闷气短，左侧前胸偶有针刺样疼痛，近1年疼痛加重。入夜更甚，心痛彻背，胸闷心悸。舌质紫暗，有瘀斑，脉结代，血压170-100HHmg。服用本药每日三次，每次4克，持续服3个月左右，至今各种症状都如常人。
实施例2
按重量份数计，炭炙蟾蜍粉1份，丹参130份，川芎180份，水蛭40份，五灵脂90份，檀香20份，石菖蒲90份，百合180份，远志130份，麦冬180份，薤白90份，桂枝90份。
将上述的药物干燥粉碎至120目细粉，过筛，按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成散剂，该散剂分装后，将药粉直接装入胶囊。
孙男士，54岁，心胸憋闷4月余，隐痛陈发，痛有定处，遇情志不遂时加重，胸脘胀闷，舌红脉沉紧。服用本药每日三次，每次6克，五天后各种不适症状逐渐减轻。
实施例3
按重量份数计，炭炙蟾蜍粉1.5份，丹参150份，川芎200份，水蛭50份，五灵脂100份，檀香30份，石菖蒲100份，百合200份，远志150份，麦冬200份，薤白100份，桂枝100份。
将上述的药物干燥粉碎至120目细粉，过筛，按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成散剂，加入蜂蜜制成蜜丸。
刘某女，55岁胸闷气短，动则益甚倦怠乏力，神疲懒言，面白易汗，舌红，脉结代，服用本药每日三次，每次6克，一周后身体各种不适症状减轻，一个月后可以适当的做些运动。
实施例结果表明，本发明采用纯天然的动物、植物、中草药组成，药性温和，无毒副作用和不良反应，适合冠心病、心绞痛，心肌梗死、心律失常患者长期服用。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，其特征在于，按重量份数计，是由下述原料制成的药剂：炭炙蟾蜍0.5～1.5份，丹参100～150份，川芎150～200份，水蛭30～50份，五灵脂80～100份，檀香10～30份，石菖蒲80～100份，百合150～200份，远志100～150份，麦冬150～200份，薤白80～100份，桂枝80～100份。
2.按照权利要求1所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，其特征在于，所述的药剂是任何一种药剂学上所说的剂型。
3.按照权利要求1所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物，其特征在于，所述的药剂是散剂、水泛丸、块剂、蜜丸或胶囊。
4.一种权利要求1所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，其特征在于，首先，将所述的原料：炭炙蟾蜍、丹参、川芎、水蛭、五灵脂、檀香、石菖蒲、百合、远志、麦冬、薤白、桂枝，干燥粉碎至100～200目细粉，过筛；然后按所述的比例混合后，灭菌处理，混匀制成药剂。
5.按照权利要求4所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的药剂为散剂；或者，所述的药剂为水泛丸，经阴干；或者，所述的药剂直接装入胶囊；或者，所述的药剂加入蜂蜜制成蜜丸。
6.按照权利要求4所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的药剂加工成饼干形状的固体块剂，此时需要常规方法，再添加药用粘合剂，在负压下压制成形，干燥并真空方式包装，得到膨松的块剂。
7.按照权利要求4所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的药剂服用方法采用口服，一日2～3次，一次3～6克，直接用温水冲服，或者将药丸碾碎或嚼碎后用温水冲服。
8.按照权利要求4所述的用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常的药物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的炭炙蟾蜍的制备过程如下：第一次把蟾蜍陶瓷容器中，用柴火烤，除了内脏未熟之外，使蟾皮和蟾皮内的躯体烤熟，此时取出内脏；第二次继续把蟾蜍放到瓦上，用炭火烤干、粉碎，形成炭炙蟾蜍。
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