CN104204458A - 利用有机介质的燃气涡轮发动机装置 - Google Patents

利用有机介质的燃气涡轮发动机装置 Download PDF

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CN104204458A
CN104204458A CN201380018445.6A CN201380018445A CN104204458A CN 104204458 A CN104204458 A CN 104204458A CN 201380018445 A CN201380018445 A CN 201380018445A CN 104204458 A CN104204458 A CN 104204458A
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working medium
compressor
gas turbine
turbine
turbine engine
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谷村和彦
田中良造
杉本隆雄
森下浩志
卡斯顿·库斯特尔
迪特·博恩
雷内·博朗
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/003—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/003—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/004—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle of the Organic Rankine Cycle [ORC] type or the Kalina Cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/064—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a gas turbine cycle, i.e. compressor and gas turbine combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00—Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10—Kind or type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/72—Application in combination with a steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Abstract

本发明提供一种将太阳光用作热源的同时能够获得高效率的燃气涡轮发动机装置。燃气涡轮发动机装置E具备压缩机(1)、加热器(3)、涡轮(5)及中间冷却器(9)，所述压缩机(1)压缩第一工作介质(M1)；所述加热器(3)用外部的热源加热上述被压缩的第一工作介质；所述涡轮(5)从所述第一工作介质获取动力；所述中间冷却器(9)设置在所述压缩机(1)上，将由所述压缩机的低压压缩部(1a)所压缩的第一工作介质冷却并供给所述压缩机的高压压缩部，在所述燃气涡轮发动机装置E中，设置有机朗肯循环发动机(RU1)，该有机朗肯循环发动机(RU1)将作为上述中间冷却器(9)的冷却介质的有机物当作第二工作介质(M2)。

Description

利用有机介质的燃气涡轮发动机装置
相关申请
本申请要求申请日为2012年4月5日申请的日本专利申请2012-086210的优先权，将其全部内容以参照的方式引入作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具备将有机物用作工作介质的有机朗肯循环发动机的复合型燃气涡轮发动机。
背景技术
近年来，作为环境问题和能源问题的一种解决对策，提出了一种在电力需要者附近设置小规模的发电设备并进行供电的分散型能源供给系统。作为承担分散性能源供给系统的一部分任务的电源之一，考虑利用中/小型燃气涡轮发动机(例如专利文献1)。在分散型电源中，尤其是使效率提高成为重要的技术问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利公开2007-159225号公报
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
但是，作为使中/小型燃气涡轮发动机的效率提高的方法，从尺寸上制约的观点考虑，高温化、高压力比化比较困难。另外，以往以来，通过将燃气涡轮的排热作为用于工作燃气预热的再生循环化或者作为用作蒸汽涡轮的热源的热电联产系统化，由此综合性地提高系统整体的效率，但是通过进行适于再生循环的低压力比发动机的开发或者对用于热电联产系统的低输出/高效率的蒸汽涡轮的开发来进一步实现高效率极为困难。
因此，为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种通过极其有效地利用燃气涡轮的热而可以获得高效率的复合型燃气涡轮发动机装置。
(二)技术方案
为了实现上述目的，本发明所涉及的燃气涡轮发动机装置，具备压缩机、加热器、涡轮、中间冷却器及有机朗肯循环发动机，所述压缩机压缩第一工作介质；所述加热器用外部的热源加热上述被压缩的第一工作介质；所述涡轮从所述第一工作介质获取动力；所述中间冷却器设置在所述压缩机上，将由所述压缩机的低压压缩部所压缩的第一工作介质冷却并供给所述压缩机的高压压缩部；所述有机朗肯循环发动机将作为所述中间冷却器的冷却介质的有机物当作第二工作介质。
根据该结构，通过将低沸点的有机物用作与燃气涡轮发动机组合的朗肯循环发动机的工作介质，能够有效利用通过压缩机的低温工作介质的热，因此作为发动机装置整体能够得到极高的效率。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，优选还具备设置在将从所述涡轮排出的所述第一工作介质进行排出的排气通道上并将从所述涡轮排出的第一工作介质作为加热介质的热交换器，以及将作为该热交换器受热介质的有机物当作第三工作介质的有机朗肯循环发动机。根据该结构，使用有机介质，由于不仅利用通过压缩机的工作介质的热，还利用从涡轮排出的工作介质的热来获取动力，因此作为发动机装置整体能够得到极高的效率。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，作为所述加热器，也可以具有将太阳光作为热源并加热所述第一工作介质的太阳能式加热器。根据该结构，能够利用作为自然能源的太阳光，抑制对环境的负荷的同时提高发动机装置的效率。
权利要求书和/或说明书和/或说明书附图所公开的至少两种结构的任意组合，均包含在本发明中。特别是权利要求书的各权利要求的两项以上的任意组合，也包含在本发明中。
附图说明
通过参照附图对以下适宜的实施方式进行说明，可更加清楚地理解本发明。但是，实施方式及附图仅用于图示及说明，不应用于确定本发明的范围。本发明的范围由权利要求书确定。在附图中，多个附图上相同附图标记表示相同或与其相当的部分。
图1是表示本发明的一种实施方式的燃气涡轮发动机装置的概略结构的框图。
图2是表示图1的燃气涡轮发动机装置的变形例的框图。
具体实施方式
下面基于附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。图1是表示本发明的一种实施方式的燃气涡轮发动机装置(以下，简称为“发动机装置”)E的概略结构图。该发动机装置E具备三个发动机单元：燃气涡轮发动机单元GU、第一朗肯循环发动机单元RU1及第二朗肯循环发动机单元RU2，各发动机单元GU、RU1、RU2分别驱动如发电机单元GE1、GE2、GE3这样的负载。
燃气涡轮发动机单元GU具有：压缩机1、燃烧器3及第一涡轮5，所述压缩机1压缩第一工作介质M1；所述燃烧器3是对通过压缩机1压缩的第一工作介质M1进行加热的加热器；所述第一涡轮5从该燃烧的第一工作介质M1获取动力。在本实施方式中，使用空气作为第一工作介质M1。
压缩机1由低压压缩部1a和高压压缩部1b组成，在该低压压缩部1a与高压压缩部1b之间设置中间冷却器9。通过该中间冷却器9冷却被低压压缩部1a压缩的第一工作介质M1，由此使高压压缩部1b的压缩功变小，提高效率。从压缩机1排出的高压的第一工作介质M1，其在通过再生热交换器13后，输送至燃烧器3。再生热交换器13利用由第一涡轮5排出的高温的第一工作介质M1的热，来预热从压缩机1流向燃烧器3的第一工作介质M1。
在将从第一涡轮5排出的第一工作介质M1向外部排出的排气通道中的再生热交换器13的下游，进一步设置热交换器15。从再生热交换器13排出的第一工作介质M1作为加热介质通过热交换器15后向外部排出。
第一朗肯循环发动机单元RU1将通过中间冷却器9的第一工作介质M1的热作为热源加热第二工作介质M2，形成气体，用该成为气体的第二工作介质M2驱动第二涡轮17，从第二涡轮17获取动力。从第二涡轮17排出的第二工作介质M2通过第一冷凝器19冷凝后，再次供给中间冷却器9及第二涡轮17。
第一朗肯循环发动机单元RU1的构成为使用有机物作为第二工作介质M2的有机朗肯循环发动机。特别地，由于被压缩机压缩的过程中第一工作介质M1的温度为100℃～200℃程度，为较低温，因此作为第二工作介质M2，优选使用低沸点的有机介质，在该例中，使用氟利昂类的有机介质，例如HFC-134a、HFC-245fa或HFC-365mfc等。
第二朗肯循环发动机单元RU2，如前所述，以通过热交换器15的作为加热介质的第一工作介质M1的热为热源来加热第三工作介质M3，通过该被加热的第三工作介质M3来驱动第三涡轮，从第三涡轮21获取动力。从第三涡轮21排出的第三工作介质M3通过第二冷凝器23凝缩后再次供给热交换器15及第三涡轮21。
第二朗肯循环发动机单元RU2的构成也为使用有机物作为第三工作介质M3的有机物的有机朗肯循环发动机。作为从第一涡轮5排出的排气的第一工作介质M1由于在通过再生热交换器13后也维持在200℃～300℃程度的较高温，因此可以使用沸点高于第二工作介质M2的高沸点的有机介质，在该例中，使用石油类的有机介质，例如丁烷或戊烷。
此外，第二朗肯循环发动机单元RU2也可以构成为使用水作为第三工作介质M3的蒸汽涡轮。或者也可以省略第二朗肯循环发动机单元RU2，如本实施方式这样使用有机介质，不仅利用通过压缩机1的第一工作介质M1的热，还利用从第一涡轮5排出的第一工作介质M1的热来获取动力，因此作为发动机装置E整体能够得到更高的效率。
另外，作为本实施方式的变形例，如图2所示，作为对被压缩机压缩的第一工作介质M1加热的加热器，可以设置在添加于燃烧器3的上游侧且以太阳光SL用作热源的太阳能式加热器31。按照这样构成，通过使用作为自然能源的太阳光SL对第一工作介质M1再次加热，由此进一步提高发动机装置E的效率。
如前所述，在本实施方式的发动机装置E中，通过使用低沸点的有机物作为与燃气涡轮发动机单元GU组合的朗肯循环发动机(尤其是第一朗肯循环发动机RU1)的工作介质M2的，能够有效利用通过压缩机1的较低温的工作介质的热，因此作为发动机装置E整体能够得到极高的效率。
如上所述，参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行了说明，但在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内，能够进行各种补充、改变或删除。因此，这样的补充、改变及删除也包含在本发明的范围内。
附图标记说明
1―压缩机
3―燃烧器(加热器)
5―第一涡轮
9―中间冷却器
13―再生热交换器
15―热交换器
31―太阳能式加热器
E―燃气涡轮发动机装置
GU―燃气涡轮发动机单元
RU1―第一朗肯循环发动机单元
RU2―第二朗肯循环发动机单元
M1―第一工作介质
M2―第二工作介质
M3―第三工作介质

Claims (3)

1.一种燃气涡轮发动机装置，具备压缩机、加热器、涡轮、中间冷却器及有机朗肯循环发动机；
所述压缩机压缩第一工作介质；
所述加热器用外部的热源加热上述被压缩的第一工作介质；
所述涡轮从所述第一工作介质获取动力；
所述中间冷却器设置在所述压缩机上，将由所述压缩机的低压压缩部所压缩的第一工作介质冷却并供给所述压缩机的高压压缩部；
所述有机朗肯循环发动机将作为所述中间冷却器的冷却介质的有机物当作第二工作介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机装置，其特征在于，还具备设置在将从所述涡轮排出的所述第一工作介质进行排出的排气通道上并将从所述涡轮排出的第一工作介质作为加热介质的热交换器，以及将作为该热交换器的受热介质的有机物当作第三工作介质的有机朗肯循环发动机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机装置，其特征在于，作为所述加热器，具有将太阳光作为热源并加热所述第一工作介质的太阳能式加热器。
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