CN104204421A - 可变截面喷嘴以及装配有该喷嘴的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱 - Google Patents

可变截面喷嘴以及装配有该喷嘴的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104204421A
CN104204421A CN201380014784.7A CN201380014784A CN104204421A CN 104204421 A CN104204421 A CN 104204421A CN 201380014784 A CN201380014784 A CN 201380014784A CN 104204421 A CN104204421 A CN 104204421A
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nozzle
actuator
cabin
variable
hand
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埃尔韦·于尔兰
阿坎·马利奥纳
奥利维尔·凯尔布莱尓
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Safran Nacelles SAS
Safran Nacelles Ltd
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Hurel Hispano SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/08—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by axially moving or transversely deforming an internal member, e.g. the exhaust cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1207—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of one series of flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/15—Control or regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/15—Control or regulation
    • F02K1/18—Control or regulation automatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F01D17/24—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical electrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/08—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by axially moving or transversely deforming an internal member, e.g. the exhaust cone
    • F02K1/085—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by axially moving or transversely deforming an internal member, e.g. the exhaust cone by transversely deforming an internal member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/09—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by axially moving an external member, e.g. a shroud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/10—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by distorting the jet pipe or nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/11—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted eyelids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1215—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of two series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure, and the downstream series having its flaps hinged at their downstream ends on a fixed structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1223—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of two series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and the downstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on the downstream ends of the flaps of the upstream series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/123—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of two series of flaps, both having their flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1238—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of two series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and the downstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1246—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of two series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and the downstream series having its flaps hinged at their downstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
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    • F02K1/1253—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of one series of flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and of a substantially axially movable external member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1261—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of one series of flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1269—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of three series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and the internal downstream series having its flaps hinged at their downstream ends on the downstream ends of the flaps of the external downstream series hinged on a fixed structure at their upstream ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1276—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of three series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure and the downstream or external series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
    • F02K1/1284—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of three series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure and the internal downstream series having its flaps hinged at their downstream ends on the downstream ends of the flaps of the external downstream series hinged at their upstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
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    • F02K1/1292—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps of three series of flaps, the upstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on a fixed structure, the internal downstream series having its flaps hinged at their upstream ends on the downstream ends of the flaps of the upstream series and at their downstream ends on the downstream ends of the flaps of the external downstream series hinged at their upstream ends on a substantially axially movable structure
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Abstract

用于飞机机舱(1)上的可变截面喷嘴(3)，其至少一部分(V1，V2，V3；B)在至少较小截面的位置和至少较大截面的位置之间能移动，以及在所述位置之间位移所述部分的装置，所述位移装置一方面包括压电致动器(P，P1，P2)，另一方面包括用于控制所述致动器的装置。

Description

可变截面喷嘴以及装配有该喷嘴的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有可变截面喷嘴的飞机发动机的机舱。
背景技术
众所周知，飞机发动机机舱允许引导外部空气流向所述机舱，并且保证所述空气的高速度喷射以提供必要的推力。
在旁路涡轮喷气发动机中，风扇吹出的气流在下游处被分离为主流(也称为“热”流)和次流(也称为“冷”流)，所述主流贯穿涡轮喷气发动机的主体内部以经受其中的一些压缩和膨胀，所述次流在大体上环形流路径内流通，一方面被发动机整流罩(内部固定结构，也称为“IFS”)限定，另一方面被机舱的外部整流罩限定。
所述冷气流，从机舱的下游处流出经过由所述机舱的下游边缘限定的出口喷嘴，提供必要的部分推力。
在具有非常高的消减速率的发动机的情况中，对于气动优化原因来保证风扇的正确操作以及优化油耗，调节机舱下游的冷空气流出口截面是非常有利的：在起飞和着陆期间增加该截面，并且在巡航期间减小该截面是的确有用：这通常被称为适配喷嘴，甚至称为“VFN”(可变风扇喷嘴)。
这种适配喷嘴的例子从例如申请人申请的专利申请FR10/52971,FR10/53282,FR10/57240中可知。
通常，冷流出口截面的变化是通过液压或者电子机械致动器的方式实现的，允许位移机舱的所有或者部分外部整流罩。
使用这种致动器会带来额外的重量、占用空间和费用。它们整合到已经挤满了大量构件的机舱内，产生了若干技术困难。
发明内容
因此特别地本发明目的在于提供可变截面喷嘴的驱动装置，能够克服现有技术的所述缺陷。
本发明的目的具体地通过用于飞机机舱的可变截面喷嘴实现，至少一部分该喷嘴在至少较小截面的位置和至少较大截面的位置之间是可移动的，并且包括在所述位置之间位移所述部分的装置，所述位移装置一方面包括压电致动器，另一方面包括用于控制所述致动器的装置，所述致动器在以下面两个方式中选择其中一个方式进行配置：
-所述致动器配置在所述部分的两边，
-所述致动器端对端配置以形成致动杆。
利用这些特征，获得了小尺寸、轻重量和空间节省位移装置，所述装置可以通过电气电压的适当供应进行控制。
根据本发明的其他可选特征：
-所述致动器被结合到所述可变形可移动部分；、
-所述可移动部分包括至少一个铰接式副翼；
-运动放大装置被插入到所述杆和所述可移动部分之间：这些可以由例如杠杆臂组成的放大装置，允许转换压电致动器的小位移成为具有较大振幅的位移；
-放置压电传感器来检测所述可移动部分的位置：作为压电元件的性质真正地是它们可以用在相反方向上，也就是说它们可以根据受到的位移产生电气电压；
-所述控制装置一方面包括能够传送控制电压到所述压电致动器上的电子监测模块，另一方面包括能够接收来自所述压电传感器的位置电压的电子采集模块，所述两个模块限定了伺服回路。
本发明还涉及机舱，其特征在于它包括根据上文所述的可变截面喷嘴。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点将从参照附图的下面的描述中变得更明显，其中：
-图1是装备有根据本发明的可变截面喷嘴的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱的透视图，
-图2是装备图1机舱的压电致动器的分解透视图，
-图3是图1喷嘴副翼的驱动机构的轴向截面示意图，
-图4、5和6是与根据本发明的可变截面喷嘴的其他实施例与类似图3的视图，以及
-图7是根据本发明的可变截面喷嘴的控制电路的示意图。
在所有的这些图中，相同或者相似的编号代表相同或者相似的构件或者一组构件。
具体实施方式
现在来看图1，图1示出了装备有根据本发明的可变截面喷嘴3的纵轴A的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱1。
在所述图1中，机舱的上游示于左手边，而机舱的下游示于右手边。
因此，在运转中，空气通过机舱的进气口5进入，并且通过可变截面喷嘴3出来。
如本说明的前文所述，在飞机飞行的不同阶段，能够改变喷嘴3的截面是重要的。
在图1所示的实施例中，喷嘴出口截面的变化是通过绕着轴线A1、A2、A3、……旋转可移动副翼V1、V2、V3……来实现，这些轴基本上垂直于机舱的纵轴A。
通常，所述旋转是通过液压或者电子机械致动器实现的。
在根据本发明的特有实施方式中，这些传统致动器是被压电致动器取代的。
图2示出了可以参与制造这些致动器的压电元件的例子。
这种压电元件可以典型地包括与夹在环氧基树脂的两个层9a、9b之间的压电陶瓷晶体7一起形成的多层复合体，所述压电陶瓷晶体同样地夹在聚酰亚胺11a、11b之间，其中电极13a、13b被嵌入其中。
这种压电元件例如被智能材料(SMART MATERIAL)公司推向市场。
众所周知，当电气电压进入到电极13a、13b，压电陶瓷纤维7变形，导致图2所示的元件的厚度变化。
相反地，当所述元件受到来自周围元件的压力，它引起测量到所述电极13a、13b的终端的电气电压的变化。
本发明的原理在于利用图2所示的压电元件的性能以允许可变截面喷嘴3的可移动部分的位移。
因此，在图1的实施例中，几个压电元件P可以堆叠在一起以使得当它们经受电气电压时，它们引起副翼V1、V2、V3……的位移。
更具体地说，如图3所示，可以考虑用于增强所述压电元件P运动的系统，该系统包括例如绕着处于机舱1下游的轴线17铰接的臂15，所述臂插在一方面压电堆P和另一方面绕着其各自轴线A1、A2、A3、……铰接的每个副翼1、V2、V3……之间。
图3所示的系统因此允许通过杠杆臂作用，向副翼V1、V2、V3……朝机舱内和机舱外传递所需的运动振幅，如箭头F所示。
在图4所示可替代方案中，不再有如图1所示的任何副翼V，然而机舱1的下游边缘B是可变形的。
例如这可以通过在较好厚度的薄板上制作所述边缘实现。
在这种情况下，为了允许喷嘴B的下游边缘的位移以便改变喷嘴出口截面，压电元件P1、P2固定在边缘B的外拱线和内拱线上。
注意我们可以考虑仅在所述边缘B的一边固定这种压电元件。
这些压电元件例如可以通过结合在边缘B上进行固定。
如果其中边缘B是由复合材料制成的，我们可以考虑将压电元件P1、P2嵌入到复合材料的质量中。
通过这些压电元件P1、P2的适当电气控制，边缘B可以朝着机舱外打开，或者朝着机舱内推开，因此提供用于改变所述机舱的出口喷嘴截面的装置。
在图5的实施例中，压电元件P1、P2再次允许使边缘B朝向机舱内或者机舱外变形，如箭头F所示。同时注意在这种情况下，所述边缘B在位移上被可滑动地安装在与机舱1成一体的导轨21上的滑动件19的系统引导。
在图B所示的例子中，压电元件B被堆叠在机舱1下游边缘B的内部，以便相当于形成致动杆。
因此，通过使这些压电元件经受适当的电气电压，它们形成的杆可以延伸或者收缩。
通过正确地在机舱1的边缘B内设置这些杆，可以实现朝向机舱内或者机舱外的所需变形，如图6中的箭头F和虚线所示。
根据本发明的一组可变截面喷嘴控制件在图7中示出。
如该图所示，这组控制件包括通过电路25电气连接到压电致动器P1、P2和通过电路27供应电力电流的电子监测模块。
该组控制件进一步包括通过电路31连接到多个压电传感器C1、C2上的电子采集模块。
所述电子监测模块23和电子采集模块29相互连接，以使得图7中所示的组形成伺服回路。
更具体地说，当需要增大或者减少所述可变截面喷嘴的截面，指令被发送到电子监测模块23，电子监测模块将通过电路25发送电子信息给压电致动器P1、P2，允许形成机舱1后边缘的接合或者变形，如上所述。
放置压电传感器C1、C2以便能够检测机舱下游边缘的位移或者变形部分的运动,依次发送代表所述位移或变形的电气信息到电子采集模块29。
所述模块29和模块23之间的通讯允许作用于压电致动器P1、P2直到获得所需的位置或者变形。
因此可以理解，该组控制组件利用压电元件的双重性能，不仅在于当它们经受电场变化时变形以及因此引起运动的能力，还在于当它们经受移动力时引起这种电场变化的能力。
作为参考，压电元件中使用的电压范围为100伏到1500伏。
现在可以理解根据上述描述，本发明提供了非常简单的、轻量的和节省空间的装置，允许变化机舱喷嘴的截面。
这种变化是通过简单地发送适当的电气电压到被正确地放置的压电元件上实现的。
本发明具体地适用于较薄并且较短的下一代机舱，用于带有非常高的消减速度的发动机。
迄今为止，从没有想过使用压电元件去制造可变截面喷嘴，因为认为涉及的力与这些元件允许提供的力不相容。
在反复的实验期间申请人认识到通过堆叠这种元件，可以获得完全与机舱所需的力相容的驱动力，并且这些元件的总重量大大地低于传统液压或者电子机械致动器的总重量。
当然，本发明没有限制在作为简单例子描述的和示出的实施例上。

Claims (7)

1.用于飞机机舱(1)上的可变截面喷嘴(3)，该喷嘴的至少一部分(V1，V2，V3；B)在至少较小截面的位置和至少较大截面的位置之间是可移动的，并且包括在所述位置之间位移所述部分的装置，所述位移装置一方面包括压电致动器(P，P1，P2)，另一方面包括用于控制所述致动器的装置，所述致动器在以下两个方式中选择其中一个方式进行配置：
-所述致动器(P1，P2)配置在所述部分(B)的两面，
-所述致动器(P)端对端配置以形成致动杆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其中所述致动器(P1，P2)被结合到所述可变形可移动部分(B)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其中所述可移动部分包括至少一个铰接式副翼(V1，V2，V3)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其中运动放大装置(15,17)被插入到所述杆(P)和所述可移动部分之间。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的喷嘴，其中放置压电传感器(C1，C2)来检测所述可移动部分的位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的喷嘴，其中所述控制装置一方面包括能够传送控制电压到所述压电致动器(P1，P2)上的电子监测模块(23)，另一方面包括能够接收来自所述压电传感器(C1，C2)的位置电压的电子采集模块(29)，所述两个模块限定伺服回路。
7.用于飞机涡轮喷气发动机的机舱(1)，包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的可变截面喷嘴(3)。
CN201380014784.7A 2012-03-20 2013-03-19 可变截面喷嘴以及装配有该喷嘴的飞机涡轮喷气发动机机舱 Pending CN104204421A (zh)

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