CN104201280A - Preparation methods of nanometer piezoelectric film and nanometer composite piezoelectric generator - Google Patents

Preparation methods of nanometer piezoelectric film and nanometer composite piezoelectric generator Download PDF

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CN104201280A
CN104201280A CN201410379806.6A CN201410379806A CN104201280A CN 104201280 A CN104201280 A CN 104201280A CN 201410379806 A CN201410379806 A CN 201410379806A CN 104201280 A CN104201280 A CN 104201280A
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piezoelectric
nanometer
nano combined
bacteria cellulose
piezoelectric membrane
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CN104201280B (en
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张跃
张光杰
廖庆亮
赵颖利
张铮
梁齐杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention discloses preparation methods of a nanometer piezoelectric film and a nanometer composite piezoelectric generator. The methods are characterized in that biocompatible bacterial cellulose is taken as a substrate, and nanometer (or submicron) piezoelectric particles having high piezoelectric coefficients are taken as a filling material, the piezoelectric film is obtained by compounding the bacterial cellulose and the piezoelectric particles, and the piezoelectric film is used for constructing the flexible nanometer composite piezoelectric generator. Through the unique spatial three-dimensional network structure of the bacterial cellulose, the piezoelectric particles are naturally and uniformly distributed in the bacterial cellulose, and the internal stress of the film is uniformly, thereby greatly improving the output performance of the nanometer composite piezoelectric generator. The nanometer composite piezoelectric generator is biocompatible, and can be implanted into a living body to collect energy. Moreover, a preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the nanometer piezoelectric film and the nanometer composite piezoelectric generator have very good application prospects.

Description

The preparation method of a kind of nanometer piezoelectric membrane and nano combined piezoelectric generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compound nanometer piezoelectric membrane of a kind of bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle and the preparation method of nano generator, have wide practical use in the field such as medical material, electronic material.
  
Background technology
Energy problem becomes and becomes increasingly conspicuous in human development, and the finiteness of the environmental pollution that traditional energy brings and self reserves forces people constantly to seek alternative new forms of energy.But the energy containing in environment is ubiquitous, for example vibrate, the mechanical energy such as friction and discarded heat energy etc., if these collection of energy are got up and be used by certain changing the mechanism, total amount is by considerable.In recent years, the power supply of popularizing as driving these electronic devices of portable type electronic product is had higher requirement.The deficiencies such as that traditional electric power storage technology displays lasting quality is poor, environmental pollution, develop a kind of environmental protection, sustainable independently-powered technology becomes extremely urgent.Therefore, by effective means, the collection of energy in environment is got up, and be converted into continuable electric energy and drive electronic device among a small circle, will be expected to become the excellent approach addressing the above problem.
Nano generator is the energy conversion device developing rapidly in recent years, and they can gather the energy that in environment, script may be discarded, for example mechanical energy, heat energy based on different character such as such as piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, pyroelectric effects.Piezoelectric nano generator is the one in this class device, and it has utilized piezoelectric can in the time being subject to stress, produce this fundamental property of polarization charge, can collect the mechanical energy in environment and convert it to electric energy.Nano generator is the earliest based on this semiconductor piezoelectric of ZnO, but its lower piezoelectric modulus has limited the lifting of nano generator performance.Traditional piezoelectric ceramic has higher piezoelectric modulus conventionally, but himself mostly is fragile material, can not meet complicated and diversified environment for use.Nano combined piezoelectric generator can make up above-mentioned deficiency, and it adopts piezoelectric modulus higher piezoelectric and organic matrix to be compounded to form nano combined piezoelectric, can, in realizing device flexible, significantly improve the performance of nano generator.Know through finite element method (fem) analysis, the uniformity that piezoelectric nano particle distributes in organic matrix has considerable influence to the piezoelectric property of composite piezoelectric thin films: even particle distribution is better, generator is also more even in the piezoelectricity Potential Distributing that is subject to produce under stress condition, and then the performance of generator is better.K. (Park K I, Lee M, Liu Y, the et al. Flexible nanocomposite generator made of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and graphitic carbons. such as Park advanced Materials, 2012,24 (22): 2999-3004.) pass through to BaTiO 3in/PDMS piezoelectric membrane, introduce multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, make BaTiO 3particle disperses more even in PDMS matrix, and carbon nano-tube being interspersed in PDMS makes the stress distribution of laminated film inside more even simultaneously, strengthened BaTiO 3stressed in matrix of particle, thus the output voltage of nano generator is significantly promoted.But add the too much carbon nano-tube with conductivity to produce shielding action to piezoelectricity electromotive force, thereby the performance of nano generator is caused to weakening.
Bacteria cellulose is the cellulose that a class is synthesized by microbe, and wherein most typical is acetobacter xylinum.Bacteria cellulose has following advantage than other native celluloses: (1) purity is high, not containing lignin, pectin and the hemicellulose etc. that often have in plant cellulose; (2) stable three-dimensional manometer fiber mesh structure; (3) mechanical strength is high, and modulus of elasticity can reach plant cellulose more than ten times, and tensile strength is high; (3) higher biocompatibility and good biodegradability.As the material of a kind of environmental friendliness, rich content, bacteria cellulose has wide practical use in the field such as medical material, electronic material.
  
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of nano combined piezoelectric membrane based on bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle and the preparation method of nano combined piezoelectric generator.
A kind of preparation method of the nano combined piezoelectric membrane based on bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle, it is characterized in that: to there is biocompatibility, bacteria cellulose with low cost as matrix, using nanometer (or sub-micron) particle with piezoelectric properties as packing material, both compound films that obtain having piezoelectric properties.The method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) use physical mechanical method or chemolysis method bacteria cellulose to be dispersed in liquid phase to fiber fines.Physical mechanical method includes, but is not limited to high speed dispersor dispersion, the pulverizing of cell pulverization machine, drying and grinding, ultrasonic dispersion etc.; The solvent that chemolysis method is used includes, but is not limited to trifluoroacetic acid etc.Above method all can make bacteria cellulose be scattered in liquid phase, forms the bacteria cellulose slurry of semigel or solution state.
(2) nanometer (or sub-micron) particle with piezoelectric properties is added in bacteria cellulose slurry, and fully mix, obtain mixed slurry.The bacteria cellulose slurry that every 40ml density is 0.9675g/ml mixes with the piezoelectricity particle of 0.001-0.01mol; Mixed method is: first piezoelectricity particle is scattered in ethanol, then this alcohol dispersion liquid is fully mixed with bacteria cellulose slurry, obtain uniform mixed slurry.Nanometer (or sub-micron) granular materials with piezoelectric properties includes, but is not limited to lead titanate-zirconate, barium titanate, lead magnesio-niobate, sodium niobate, potassium niobate, lithium niobate etc.First piezoelectricity particle is scattered in liquid phase to ultrasonic concussion 10~30min; It is mixed with bacteria cellulose slurry, ultrasonic concussion 30~60min after fully stirring, obtains uniform mixed slurry again.
(3) utilize physical method or chemical method to process above-mentioned mixed slurry.Physical method includes, but is not limited to mixed slurry to carry out vacuum filtration, solvent evaporation etc., and chemical method includes, but is not limited to add sodium alginate and calcium chloride in mixed slurry, forms gel network by ionomer.Above method all can make nanofiber again be cross-linked into network configuration, and piezoelectricity uniform particles is distributed in wherein, obtains the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of hygrometric state.
(4) the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of above-mentioned hygrometric state is dried.Hygrometric state film is clipped between two smooth smooth steel plates or polyfluortetraethylene plate, and under vacuum (< 100 Pa) state mechanical compression (1 MPa~10 MPa), at 70 DEG C, be dried 24 hours, obtain dried flat and flexible nano combined piezoelectric membrane.Photo in kind and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph are as shown in Figure 1.
(5) the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of dry state is carried out to high voltage polarization, make the electric domain orientation in piezoelectricity particle consistent, can obtain having the film of directed piezoelectric properties.
A kind of preparation method of the nano combined piezoelectric generator based on bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle.It is characterized in that: its structure is for being respectively from top to bottom upper electrode layer, nano combined piezoelectric layer, lower electrode layer.Described upper and lower electrode layer is the substrate with the conductive layer of certain thickness (10~100nm), and nano combined piezoelectric layer is the nano combined piezoelectric membrane based on bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle.The construction method of nano generator is as follows:
(1) electrode preparation.The directly upper and lower surface at nano combined piezoelectric membrane conductive layer preparation, conductive layer can be (but being not limited to): the metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminium, or the material with carbon element such as the transparent conductive oxide such as tin indium oxide, fluorine doped tin tin oxide or carbon nano-tube, Graphene, graphite, preparation method includes, but is not limited to: magnetron sputtering, evaporation, ald etc.Also can first with same method, conductive layer be prepared on substrate, the upper and lower surface that is fixed on nano combined piezoelectric membrane with the substrate of conductive layer, substrate material includes, but is not limited to again: PETG, PEN, polyimides, polymethyl methacrylate, dimethyl silicone polymer, glass etc.
(2) polarization.Polarization object be by the electricdomain in piezoelectricity particle along direction of an electric field proper alignment, the output that nano combined piezoelectric generator is obtained reaches optimum performance.Polarization mode is: at 25 to 200 DEG C, according to the thickness of piezoelectric membrane, apply the voltage that 50-300kV/cm does not wait, and keep last cooling with pressure 24 hours by upper/lower electrode.Polarize required temperature, voltage, time is depended on the kind of thickness and the piezoelectric of nano combined piezoelectric layer.
Advantage of the present invention is: the piezoelectricity particle of nanometer (or sub-micron) yardstick can be evenly distributed in flexible bacteria cellulose matrix easily, takes full advantage of high tension electricity coefficient and the good mechanical performance of bacteria cellulose of conventional piezoelectric pottery; The three-dimensional net structure that nanofiber in bacteria cellulose forms makes piezoelectricity distribution of particles and stressed all more even, can effectively improve the piezoelectric property of piezoelectric membrane; The nano generator output performance excellence building based on this kind of piezoelectric membrane, and there is biocompatibility, can in implantable bioartificial body, carry out energy acquisition; Preparation technology is simple, with low cost, has good application prospect.
  
Brief description of the drawings
The nano combined piezoelectric membrane scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Fig. 1.
  
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.Obviously, described example is only schematically, can not comprise full content of the present invention.Those skilled in the art change obtained every other example under inspiration of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
embodiment 1:
(1) be immersed in deionized water being cut into small pieces through the bacteria cellulose film of purification process, disperse with high speed dispersor, obtain the bacteria cellulose slurry of semigel state.Measuring its density is 0.9675g cm 3.
(2) take 0.3g barium titanate nano particle (diameter 100nm) and be dispersed in 20 ml deionized waters, ultrasonic concussion 20 min, obtain uniform barium titanate suspension-turbid liquid.
(3) measure bacteria cellulose slurry 40 ml prepared in step (1), mix with the barium titanate suspension-turbid liquid in step (2), fully stir and ultrasonic concussion 30 min, obtain uniform mixed slurry.
(4) mixed slurry in step (3) is poured in suction filtration device and carried out suction filtration, after liquid filtering, on filter membrane, can form the film of one deck hygrometric state.
(5) hygrometric state film is clipped between two polytetrafluoroethylenes, is placed in vacuum tank and applies the pressure at right angle of 10 MPa, at 70 DEG C dry 24 hours, obtain the laminated film of bacteria cellulose and barium titanate nano particle.
(6) the thick polyimide film of 125 μ m is cut into 1.5cm × 1cm, the laminated film of bacteria cellulose and barium titanate nano particle is cut into 1cm × 1cm.
(7) magnetron sputtering layer of gold (Au on polyimides (PI) film, thickness 100nm), and spin coating PDMS(4000 rpm × 20 are s) on Au layer to use high speed sol evenning machine, on the hot plate of 80 DEG C, heat 3min immediately, above the laminated film of the bacteria cellulose in step (7) and barium titanate nano particle being spread in the time that PDMS solidifies not yet completely, double-layer films must not interspace by close contact.Continue to heat with hot plate, until PDMS is completely curing.The fixing Au electrode of another side by identical method at laminated film, and draw separately wire by two electrodes.
(8) connect high voltage source by wire, use 100kVcm -1the voltage 24h that polarizes in the silicone oil of 130 DEG C, wherein last 2 hours is temperature-fall period with pressure.
embodiment 2:
(1) be immersed in deionized water being cut into small pieces through the bacteria cellulose film of purification process, disperse with high speed dispersor, obtain the bacteria cellulose slurry of semigel state.Measuring its density is 0.9675g cm 3.
(2) (diameter 1 μ m) is dispersed in 20 ml deionized waters, and ultrasonic concussion 20 min, obtain uniform sodium niobate suspension-turbid liquid to take 0.2g sodium niobate nano particle.
(3) measure bacteria cellulose slurry 40 ml prepared in step (1), mix with the sodium niobate suspension-turbid liquid in step (2), fully stir and ultrasonic concussion 30 min, obtain uniform mixed slurry.
(4) mixed slurry in step (3) is poured in suction filtration device and carried out suction filtration, after liquid filtering, on filter membrane, can form the film of one deck hygrometric state.
(5) hygrometric state film is clipped between two polytetrafluoroethylenes, is placed in vacuum tank and applies the pressure at right angle of 10 MPa, dry 24 h at 70 DEG C, obtain the laminated film of bacteria cellulose and sodium niobate nano particle.
(6) PETG that is coated with ITO conductive layer (PET) film thick 100 μ m is cut into 1.5cm × 1cm, the laminated film of bacteria cellulose and sodium niobate nano particle is cut into 1 cm × 1 cm.
(7) use one side spin coating PDMS(4000 rpm × 20 that high speed sol evenning machine is coated with ITO conductive layer at PET film s), on the hot plate of 80 DEG C, heat 3min immediately, above the laminated film of the bacteria cellulose in step (7) and sodium niobate nano particle being spread in the time that PDMS solidifies not yet completely, double-layer films must not interspace by close contact.Continue to heat with hot plate, until PDMS is completely curing.The fixing gold electrode of another side by identical method at laminated film, and draw separately wire by two electrodes.
(8) connect high voltage source by wire, use 80kVcm -1the voltage 24h that at room temperature polarizes.
embodiment 3:
(1) be immersed in deionized water being cut into small pieces through the bacteria cellulose film of purification process, disperse with high speed dispersor, obtain the bacteria cellulose slurry of semigel state.Measuring its density is 0.9675 g cm 3.
(2) take 0.1g barium titanate nano particle (diameter 100nm) and be dispersed in 20 ml deionized waters, ultrasonic concussion 20 min, obtain uniform barium titanate suspension-turbid liquid.
(3) measure bacteria cellulose slurry 20 ml prepared in step (1), mix with the barium titanate suspension-turbid liquid in step (2), fully stir and ultrasonic concussion 30 min, obtain uniform mixed slurry.
(4) mixed slurry in step (3) is poured in suction filtration device and carried out suction filtration, after liquid filtering, on filter membrane, can form the film of one deck hygrometric state.
(5) hygrometric state film is clipped between two polytetrafluoroethylenes, is placed in vacuum tank and applies the pressure at right angle of 10 MPa, at 70 DEG C dry 24 hours, obtain the laminated film of bacteria cellulose and barium titanate nano particle.
(6) use high speed sol evenning machine in difference spin coating PDMS(4000 rpm × 20, nanometer piezoelectricity laminated film two sides s), and make it completely curing at 80 DEG C.
(7) on the PDMS layer of two sides, deposit respectively layer of gold (Au, thickness 100 nm) by electron beam evaporation plating, and draw separately wire by two electrodes.
(8) connect high voltage source by wire, use the voltage of the 100kVcm-1 24h that polarizes in the silicone oil of 130 DEG C, wherein last 2 hours is temperature-fall period with pressure.

Claims (9)

1. the preparation method of a nanometer piezoelectric membrane, it is characterized in that: to there is biocompatibility, bacteria cellulose with low cost as matrix, to there is the nanometer of piezoelectric properties or submicron particles as packing material, both compound films that obtain having piezoelectric properties; Concrete steps are as follows:
First use physical mechanical method or chemolysis method bacteria cellulose to be dispersed in liquid phase to fiber fines, obtain bacteria cellulose slurry;
Nanometer or the submicron particles with piezoelectric properties are added in bacteria cellulose slurry, and fully mix, obtain mixed slurry; Nanometer or the submicron particles material with piezoelectric properties comprise lead titanate-zirconate, barium titanate, lead magnesio-niobate, sodium niobate, potassium niobate, lithium niobate;
Utilize physical method or chemical method to process mixed slurry, make nanofiber again be cross-linked into network configuration, and piezoelectricity uniform particles is distributed in wherein, obtain the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of hygrometric state;
The nano combined piezoelectric membrane of above-mentioned hygrometric state is dried, obtains the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of dry state;
The nano combined piezoelectric membrane of dry state is carried out to high voltage polarization, make the electric domain orientation in piezoelectricity particle consistent, obtain having the film of directed piezoelectric properties.
2. the preparation method of nanometer piezoelectric membrane as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the described physical mechanical method of step (1) refers to by external force to be broken up natural bacteria cellulose membrane to become the fiber of dispersion or fibre bundle; Described chemolysis method is under the effect of chemical solvent, fiber dispersion to be opened; Physical mechanical and chemolysis method object are that bacteria cellulose is dispersed in liquid phase, form the bacteria cellulose slurry of semigel or solution state.
3. the preparation method of nanometer piezoelectric membrane as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: the described nanometer with piezoelectric properties or the submicron particles of step (2) has piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity simultaneously, and applying voltage can polarize.
4. the preparation method of nanometer piezoelectric membrane as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bacteria cellulose slurry that every 40ml density is 0.9675g/ml mixes with the piezoelectricity particle of 0.001-0.01mol; Mixed method is: first piezoelectricity particle is scattered in ethanol, then this alcohol dispersion liquid is fully mixed with bacteria cellulose slurry, obtain uniform mixed slurry.
5. the preparation method of nanometer piezoelectric membrane as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the described physical method of step (3) refers to removes the liquid component in mixed slurry, makes nanofiber dehydration and naturally again combines under hydrogen bond action; Described chemical method refers to by adding the combination again of crosslinking agent aided nano fiber; Above method all can obtain bacteria cellulose and the compound hygrometric state film of piezoelectricity uniform particles.
6. the preparation method of nanometer piezoelectric membrane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the dry of hygrometric state of step (4) is that hygrometric state film is clipped between two smooth smooth steel plates or polyfluortetraethylene plate, and under vacuum state mechanical compression, dry at 60-90 DEG C, finally obtain dried flat and there is flexible nano combined piezoelectric membrane, vacuum degree < 100 Pa, mechanical compression pressure 1 MPa~10 MPa.
7. a method that adopts nanometer piezoelectric membrane described in claim 1-6 to prepare nano combined piezoelectric generator; It is characterized in that: the structure of nano combined piezoelectric generator is for being respectively from top to bottom upper electrode layer, nano combined piezoelectric layer, lower electrode layer; Described upper and lower electrode layer is the substrate with thickness 10~100nm conductive layer, and nano combined piezoelectric layer is the nano combined piezoelectric membrane of bacteria cellulose and piezoelectricity particle.
8. the method for the nano combined piezoelectric generator of preparation as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the preparation of upper and lower electrode layer is directly conductive layer to be prepared to the upper and lower surface at nano combined piezoelectric membrane, or conductive layer is prepared on substrate, then the upper and lower surface that is fixed on nano combined piezoelectric membrane with the substrate of conductive layer.
9. the method for the nano combined piezoelectric generator of preparation as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described nano combined piezoelectric generator need to reach optimum performance by polarization, polarization mode is: at 25 to 200 DEG C, according to the thickness of piezoelectric membrane, apply by upper/lower electrode the voltage that 50-300kV/cm does not wait, and keep last cooling with pressure 24 hours.
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CN106205876A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-07 福建农林大学 A kind of preparation method of flexible fiber element base transparent conductive material
CN106784296A (en) * 2017-01-03 2017-05-31 北京科技大学 A kind of bacteria cellulose flexible compound piezoelectric membrane and preparation method thereof
CN106910819A (en) * 2017-04-20 2017-06-30 宝鸡文理学院 A kind of nano combined piezo-electric generator preparation method with stratiform stacking provisions suitable for wearable device
CN107353572A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-17 太仓碧奇新材料研发有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high tension electricity coefficient flexible composite film
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CN111063795A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-24 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 Piezoelectric film, piezoelectric nano generator and preparation method thereof
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CN106910819B (en) * 2017-04-20 2019-02-19 宝鸡文理学院 A kind of nano combined piezo-electric generator preparation method with stratiform stacking provisions suitable for wearable device
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CN108365085A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-03 太原理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the nanometer Piezoelectric anisotropy film generator of conductive material doping
CN108649835A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-10-12 西北工业大学 The compatible unleaded nanometer piezoelectric generating device of biology based on wool keratin and preparation method
CN110092654A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-06 河南大学 The three-dimensional porous piezoelectricity skeleton of interconnection based on piezoelectric material, preparation method and applications
CN110190179B (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-15 电子科技大学 Flexible piezoelectric energy acquisition device based on plant fibers and preparation method thereof
CN110190179A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-30 电子科技大学 Flexible piezoelectric energy acquisition device based on plant fiber and preparation method thereof
CN111063795A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-24 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 Piezoelectric film, piezoelectric nano generator and preparation method thereof
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CN115991937A (en) * 2023-03-23 2023-04-21 之江实验室 Stretchable piezoelectric film, preparation method thereof and stretchable ultrasonic transducer

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