CN104197858A - Method for quantitatively describing topographic characteristics of solidification structures of variety steel continuous casting billet - Google Patents
Method for quantitatively describing topographic characteristics of solidification structures of variety steel continuous casting billet Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Abstract
本发明公开了定量描述品种钢连铸坯凝固组织形貌特征的方法，对品种钢连铸坯的横断面进行热酸洗，容积比为1:0.5-1.5的盐酸水溶液，温度在60℃至80℃、时间为5-35min；利用高清数码相机拍照，获得整体形貌；在整体形貌图上，各选取一个以上的测量点，获得该点的典型凝固组织；利用分形理论中的数盒子法或/和周长面积法来计算不同类型凝固组织的分形维数，以此来定量描述其形貌特征。本发明的方法，能够更为细致的反映连铸坯凝固组织的形貌特点，分形维数越大，晶粒的形貌复杂程度和自相似程度越高；能够将连铸坯不同区域凝固组织的形貌特点综合在一起对比；能够更好的跟连铸坯的内部质量及缺陷相关联。
The invention discloses a method for quantitatively describing the solidification structure and morphology characteristics of continuous casting slabs of various steels. The cross-section of continuous casting slabs of various steels is hot pickled, and the volume ratio is 1:0.5-1.5 hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the temperature is 60°C to 60°C. 80°C, the time is 5-35min; use a high-definition digital camera to take pictures to obtain the overall appearance; select more than one measurement point on the overall appearance map to obtain the typical solidification structure of the point; use the number box in the fractal theory The fractal dimensions of different types of coagulated tissues can be calculated by using method or/and perimeter area method, so as to quantitatively describe their morphology characteristics. The method of the present invention can reflect the morphology characteristics of the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab in more detail. The larger the fractal dimension, the higher the complexity of the grain morphology and the higher the degree of self-similarity; the solidification structure of different regions of the continuous casting slab can be The morphology and characteristics of the slabs are compared together; it can be better related to the internal quality and defects of the continuous casting slab.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及冶金工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种描述品种钢连铸坯凝固组织形貌特征的新方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, in particular to a new method for describing the morphology characteristics of the solidification structure of continuous casting slabs of varieties of steel.
the
背景技术 Background technique
品种钢连铸坯的凝固组织反映了其整体的结构特征，因此它跟连铸坯及最终产品的质量有紧密的关系。根据晶粒的形貌特点，连铸坯的凝固组织通常被划分为激冷层、柱状晶区与等轴晶区这三个区域。如何准确描述不同区域凝固组织的特点就成为研究、控制及优化它们的基础。前人对此主要是通过等轴晶的比例，一次晶粒间距和二次晶粒间距来反映凝固组织的结构特征。同时，也通过这些指标的大小来表示连铸坯的不同质量。例如，认为等轴晶比例越大，晶粒间距越小，则连铸坯的质量越均匀，偏析与疏松等缺陷的程度越低。但是，实践发现这种关系时常会出现偏差。产品的质量并不是等轴晶比例越大越好，缺陷程度跟晶粒间距之间也不一直都呈现负相关关系，不同类型凝固组织的晶粒间距也往往不能直接对比。同时，虽然等轴晶具有各向同性的特点，但其整体比例的大小并不一定就反映该区域各个晶粒的形貌特点，也就不能有效反映其均匀程度与致密程度。铸坯内部偏析与疏松等缺陷的程度与晶粒间距相关，但晶粒间距只是从距离这个角度反映晶粒之间的致密程度，并不能包括晶粒的形貌特征。实际上，偏析与疏松等缺陷都是在凝固组织的基础上形成的，因此晶粒的各方面形貌对于铸坯的缺陷等级有直接的影响。另外，柱状晶区晶粒的形貌相对等轴晶区与激冷层（二者内部的晶粒都是等轴晶，但形貌不同）而言是各向异性的，如果不依托于实际晶粒的形貌特点而随意的对其间距进行对比也肯定会有失偏颇。因此，就非常有必要采用一种更为细致与全面、更有代表性的方法来描述连铸坯凝固组织的形貌特征。本发明就是引入分形维数这一新方法来更好地实现对品种钢连铸坯凝固组织形貌的定量描述。 The solidification structure of the variety steel continuous casting slab reflects its overall structural characteristics, so it is closely related to the quality of the continuous casting slab and the final product. According to the morphology of the grains, the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab is usually divided into three regions: the chill layer, the columnar grain region and the equiaxed grain region. How to accurately describe the characteristics of coagulation tissues in different regions becomes the basis for researching, controlling and optimizing them. The predecessors mainly reflected the structural characteristics of the solidified structure through the proportion of equiaxed grains, the primary grain distance and the secondary grain distance. At the same time, the different qualities of continuous casting slabs are also represented by the size of these indicators. For example, it is considered that the larger the proportion of equiaxed grains and the smaller the grain spacing, the more uniform the quality of the continuous casting slab, and the lower the degree of defects such as segregation and porosity. However, practice has found that this relationship is often biased. The quality of the product is not as large as the proportion of equiaxed grains, the better, the degree of defect and the grain spacing do not always show a negative correlation, and the grain spacing of different types of solidified structures cannot be directly compared. At the same time, although equiaxed grains are isotropic, their overall proportion does not necessarily reflect the morphology of each grain in the region, nor can it effectively reflect their uniformity and compactness. The degree of defects such as segregation and porosity inside the slab is related to the grain spacing, but the grain spacing only reflects the degree of compactness between grains from the perspective of distance, and does not include the morphology of grains. In fact, defects such as segregation and porosity are formed on the basis of solidification structure, so all aspects of grain morphology have a direct impact on the defect level of the slab. In addition, the morphology of the grains in the columnar crystal region is anisotropic compared to the equiaxed crystal region and the chilled layer (the grains inside both are equiaxed crystals, but the morphology is different). Randomly comparing the spacing of the grains due to the morphology and characteristics of the grains will definitely be biased. Therefore, it is very necessary to use a more detailed, comprehensive and representative method to describe the morphology of the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab. The present invention introduces the new method of fractal dimension to better realize the quantitative description of the solidified microstructure of the variety steel continuous casting slab.
B.B. Mandelbrot于20世纪70年代首次提出了分形几何学的整体思想，分形维数是其中的一个基础概念。这一新概念主要是用来衡量复杂图形的复杂程度和自相似程度。一般来说，分形维数越大，图形的复杂程度和自相似程度也越大。目前，这种思想已经应用于很多领域并取得显著的成果。本发明首次将这一概念及计算方法应用于对品种钢连铸坯不同类型凝固组织形貌的定量描述。 B.B. Mandelbrot first proposed the overall idea of fractal geometry in the 1970s, and fractal dimension is one of the basic concepts. This new concept is mainly used to measure the complexity and self-similarity of complex graphs. Generally speaking, the greater the fractal dimension, the greater the complexity and self-similarity of the graph. At present, this idea has been applied in many fields and achieved remarkable results. The present invention firstly applies this concept and calculation method to the quantitative description of different types of solidification structure morphology of continuous casting slabs of varieties of steel.
the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对现有方法的不足，本发明的目的主要在于提供一种不仅能够描述凝固形貌特征且能跟铸坯质量建立关联性的新方法。 Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing methods, the purpose of the present invention is mainly to provide a new method that can not only describe the solidification morphology features but also establish a correlation with the quality of the slab.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术手段： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means:
一种描述品种钢连铸坯凝固组织形貌特征的新方法，包括以下步骤： A new method for describing the solidification structure and morphology characteristics of continuous casting slabs of variety steels, comprising the following steps:
（1）通过热酸洗得到品种钢连铸坯的凝固组织的整体形貌：热酸洗中酸液容积比为1:0.5-1.5的盐酸水溶液（工业盐酸），酸蚀温度为60℃至80℃，酸蚀时间为5-35min。热酸洗之后，利用高清数码相机拍照，获得连铸坯凝固组织的整体形貌； (1) Obtain the overall morphology of the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab of the variety steel by hot pickling: the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (industrial hydrochloric acid) with an acid volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5 in hot pickling, and the acid etching temperature is 60°C to 80°C, acid etching time is 5-35min. After hot pickling, use a high-definition digital camera to take pictures to obtain the overall morphology of the solidified structure of the continuous casting slab;
（2）在拍照获得的整体形貌图上，在激冷层、柱状晶与等轴晶三个区域，各选取一个以上的测量点，获得典型凝固组织晶粒；选取不同区域(激冷层、柱状晶与等轴晶)的典型凝固组织：从整体形貌选取不同区域内足够数量的典型凝固组织晶粒，获得该点的典型凝固组织。 (2) On the overall morphology map obtained by photographing, select more than one measurement point in each of the three regions of the chilled layer, columnar grains and equiaxed crystals to obtain typical solidification structure grains; select different regions (chilled layer, Typical solidification structure of columnar grains and equiaxed crystals): select a sufficient number of typical solidification structure grains in different regions from the overall appearance, and obtain the typical solidification structure of this point.
（3）利用分形维数对不同类型凝固组织的形貌进行定量描述：利用分形理论中的数盒子法或/和周长面积法来计算不同类型凝固组织的分形维数，并以此来定量描述不同凝固组织的形貌特征； (3) Use fractal dimension to quantitatively describe the morphology of different types of solidified tissue: use the number box method or/and perimeter area method in fractal theory to calculate the fractal dimension of different types of solidified tissue, and use this to quantify Describe the morphological characteristics of different coagulation tissues;
（4）所述的数盒子法计算分形维数，用S1与S2这两种不同边长的正方形盒子覆盖单个凝固组织的形貌，并分别计算其中“非空”的盒子数（N1与N2）。然后利用公式D=（lgN1-lgN2）/(lgS2-lgS1)+1这一方程得到凝固组织形貌的分形维数D。 (4) The fractal dimension is calculated by the method of counting boxes, and the shape of a single solidified tissue is covered by two square boxes with different side lengths, S1 and S2, and the number of "non-empty" boxes (N1 and N2 ). Then use the formula D=(lgN1-lgN2)/(lgS2-lgS1)+1 to get the fractal dimension D of the solidification structure morphology.
（5）所述的周长面积法计算分形维数，首先分别测出多个同类凝固组织形貌的周长（P）和面积（A），然后以lgA为横坐标，以lgP为纵坐标作点状图，并通过对图中不同数据点的线性拟合得到其斜率（S）。最后利用公式D=2×S+1这一方程得到所观察区域的凝固组织形貌的分形维数D。 (5) To calculate the fractal dimension by the perimeter area method, first measure the perimeter (P) and area (A) of several similar coagulation tissue morphology respectively, then take lgA as the abscissa and lgP as the ordinate Make a dot plot and obtain its slope (S) by linear fitting to different data points in the plot. Finally, the fractal dimension D of the solidification structure morphology of the observed area is obtained by using the equation D=2×S+1.
相比于现有方法，本发明具有如下有益效果： Compared with existing methods, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）能够更为细致与全面地定量反映连铸坯凝固组织的形貌特点。分形维数越大，晶粒的形貌复杂程度和自相似程度越高。 (1) It can quantitatively reflect the morphology characteristics of the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab in a more detailed and comprehensive manner. The larger the fractal dimension, the higher the complexity and self-similarity of grain morphology.
（2）能够将连铸坯不同区域凝固组织的形貌特点综合在一起对比。因为分形维数本身就包含了晶粒自身的形貌特点。 (2) The morphology characteristics of the solidification structure in different regions of the continuous casting slab can be compared together. Because the fractal dimension itself contains the morphology characteristics of the grain itself.
（3）能够更好的跟连铸坯的内部质量及缺陷相关联。连铸坯缺陷跟凝固组织晶粒的形貌特点紧密相关。由于分形维数能够更为细致与全面的反映晶粒的形貌，因此就能利用这一新方法来更好的研究连铸坯质量跟凝固组织的关系。同种条件下，分形维数越大，凝固组织越均匀、越致密，缺陷发生程度越低。 (3) It can be better associated with the internal quality and defects of continuous casting slabs. The defects of continuous casting slab are closely related to the morphology and characteristics of solidification structure grains. Since the fractal dimension can reflect the morphology of grains in a more detailed and comprehensive way, this new method can be used to better study the relationship between the quality of continuous casting slabs and the solidification structure. Under the same conditions, the larger the fractal dimension, the more uniform and dense the solidified structure, and the lower the degree of defect occurrence.
the
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1 为实际品种钢连铸坯的凝固组织； Figure 1 is the solidification structure of the actual variety steel continuous casting slab;
图2为图1中不同区域凝固组织的分形维数； Fig. 2 is the fractal dimension of coagulation tissue in different regions in Fig. 1;
图3 为分形维数与缺陷等级的关系图。 Figure 3 is the relationship diagram between fractal dimension and defect level.
the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例： Example:
1）利用酸液容积比为1:0.5-1.5的盐酸水（工业盐酸)溶液对品种钢连铸坯的横断面进行热酸洗实验，酸蚀温度在60℃至80℃的范围，酸蚀时间为5-35min；热酸洗之后，利用高清数码相机拍照，获得该横断面连铸坯凝固组织的整体形貌；如图1所示。由于连铸坯不同组成对酸蚀溶液的反应程度不一，因此酸洗之后将呈现连铸坯横断面的凝固组织形貌；便于拍摄清晰的照片和之后选取测量点。 1) Use the hydrochloric acid water (industrial hydrochloric acid) solution with an acid liquid volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5 to conduct hot pickling experiments on the cross-section of the continuous casting slab of the variety steel. The acid etching temperature is in the range of 60°C to 80°C. The time is 5-35 minutes; after hot pickling, take pictures with a high-definition digital camera to obtain the overall morphology of the solidified structure of the cross-section continuous casting slab; as shown in Figure 1. Since different components of the continuous casting slab have different reactions to the acid etching solution, the solidification structure of the cross section of the continuous casting slab will appear after pickling; it is convenient to take clear photos and select measurement points later.
2）图1中的凝固组织由激冷层、柱状晶与等轴晶三个不同的区域组成，外侧是激冷层区域，在冷却时与连铸结晶器内侧壁接触，快速散热、冷却，而形成激冷层；激冷层内侧是柱状晶区域，柱状晶内侧（处于中间核心区域，属于最后冷却的区域）形成等轴晶区域。在拍照获得的整体形貌图上，在激冷层、柱状晶与等轴晶三个区域，各选取一个以上的测量点，获得这些测量点的典型凝固组织晶粒，即获得该测量点的典型凝固组织。图中从这三个区域内共选择八个不同的位置点（如图2所示）。其中的（1）号与（8）号属于激冷层区域，（2）与（7）属于柱状晶区域，（3）至（6）属于等轴晶区域。然后，从这八个位置点分别选取足够数量的典型凝固组织晶粒。 2) The solidification structure in Figure 1 is composed of three different regions: chilled layer, columnar crystal and equiaxed crystal. A chilling layer is formed; the inner side of the chilling layer is a columnar crystal region, and the inner side of the columnar crystal (in the middle core region, which belongs to the last cooling region) forms an equiaxed crystal region. On the overall morphology map obtained by photographing, select more than one measurement point in each of the three regions of chilled layer, columnar grain and equiaxed grain, and obtain the typical solidification structure grains of these measurement points, that is, to obtain the typical Solidified tissue. In the figure, a total of eight different location points are selected from these three areas (as shown in Figure 2). Among them, No. (1) and No. (8) belong to the chilled layer region, (2) and (7) belong to the columnar crystal region, and (3) to (6) belong to the equiaxed crystal region. Then, select a sufficient number of typical solidified structure grains from these eight positions.
3）分别利用分形理论中的数盒子法或/和周长面积法计算八个不同位置点典型凝固组织晶粒的分形维数，分别计算得到对应的分形维数；如果同时采用数盒子法与周长面积法计算，则对两种方法的计算值取平均值。通过对拍照获得的整体形貌图进行处理，利用计算机程序按照设定的步骤和方法就能识别每个选取的典型凝固组织晶粒（测量点），然后获得该典型凝固组织晶粒的相关参数，并能将相关参数带入数盒子法或/和周长面积法，从而计算得到每个典型凝固组织晶粒的分形维数。该方法配合使用的计算机程序，不是本发明的创新点，而且本领域的技术人员根据需要能够编制该程序，故在此不做进一步描述。经计算最后的取平均值结果如图3所示，激冷层内等轴晶的分形维数D在2.6至2.9的范围，等轴晶区域内等轴晶的分形维数在2.1至2.7的范围且波动较大，柱状晶区域内晶粒的分形维数在2.8至3.0的范围。 3) Calculate the fractal dimensions of typical solidified grains at eight different locations using the number box method or/and perimeter area method in fractal theory, and calculate the corresponding fractal dimensions; if the number box method and If the perimeter area method is used for calculation, the calculated values of the two methods are averaged. By processing the overall topography image obtained by photographing, each selected typical solidification structure grain (measurement point) can be identified by using a computer program according to the set steps and methods, and then the relevant parameters of the typical solidification structure grain can be obtained , and the relevant parameters can be brought into the number box method or/and perimeter area method to calculate the fractal dimension of each typical solidified structure grain. The computer program used in conjunction with the method is not an innovation of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can compile the program as needed, so no further description is given here. The final average result after calculation is shown in Figure 3, the fractal dimension D of equiaxed crystals in the chilled layer is in the range of 2.6 to 2.9, and the fractal dimension of equiaxed crystals in the equiaxed crystal region is in the range of 2.1 to 2.7 The range and fluctuation are large, and the fractal dimension of the grains in the columnar crystal region is in the range of 2.8 to 3.0.
4）图3为八个不同位置点缺陷等级与分形维数的关系。可见，二者成很好的负相关性。 4) Figure 3 shows the relationship between defect grades and fractal dimensions at eight different locations. It can be seen that there is a good negative correlation between the two.
本发明的数盒子法，其计算分形维数，用S1与S2这两种不同边长的盒子（正方形）覆盖单个凝固组织的形貌，并分别计算其中“非空”的盒子数（N1与N2）。然后利用公式D=（lgN1-lgN2）/(lgS2-lgS1)+1这一方程得到凝固组织形貌的分形维数D。 The number of boxes method of the present invention calculates the fractal dimension, uses two boxes (squares) with different side lengths S1 and S2 to cover the appearance of a single solidified tissue, and calculates the number of "non-empty" boxes (N1 and N2). Then use the formula D=(lgN1-lgN2)/(lgS2-lgS1)+1 to get the fractal dimension D of the solidification structure morphology.
本发明的所述的周长面积法，其计算分形维数，首先分别测出多个同类凝固组织形貌的周长（P）和面积（A），然后以lgA为横坐标，以lgP为纵坐标作点状图，并通过对图中不同数据点的线性拟合得到其斜率（S）。最后利用公式D=2×S+1这一方程得到所观察区域的凝固组织形貌的分形维数D。 According to the perimeter area method of the present invention, to calculate the fractal dimension, first measure the perimeter (P) and area (A) of a plurality of similar solidified tissue topography respectively, then take lgA as the abscissa and lgP as the The ordinate is plotted as a dot plot, and the slope (S) is obtained by linear fitting of different data points in the plot. Finally, the fractal dimension D of the solidification structure morphology of the observed area is obtained by using the equation D=2×S+1.
本发明，利用这种新的定量描述方法来衡量凝固组织形貌的复杂程度与自相似程度。能够更好的跟连铸坯的内部质量及缺陷相关联。连铸坯缺陷跟凝固组织晶粒的形貌特点紧密相关。由于分形维数能够更为细致、更有代表性的反映晶粒的形貌，因此就能利用这一新方法来更好的研究连铸坯质量跟凝固组织的关系。同种条件下，分形维数越大，凝固组织越均匀、越致密，缺陷发生程度越低。 In the present invention, this new quantitative description method is used to measure the complexity and self-similarity of solidified tissue morphology. It can better correlate with the internal quality and defects of continuous casting slabs. The defects of continuous casting slab are closely related to the morphology and characteristics of solidification structure grains. Since the fractal dimension can reflect the morphology of grains in a more detailed and representative way, this new method can be used to better study the relationship between the quality of continuous casting slabs and the solidification structure. Under the same conditions, the larger the fractal dimension, the more uniform and dense the solidified structure, and the lower the degree of defect occurrence.
本发明采用的数盒子法（BOX-COUNTING METHOD），是一种常用的计算分形图形分维的实用方法；取边长为r的小盒子（可以理解为拓扑维为d的小盒子，把分形覆盖起来，由于分形内部有各种层次的空洞和缝隙，故有些小盒子是空的，有些小盒子覆盖了分形的一部分，计算多少小盒子不是空的，所得的“非空”（non-empty）盒子数记为N（r），然后缩小盒子的尺寸r，所得N（r）自然增大；当，r→0时，得到数盒子法定义的分维关系。本发明采用周长面积法（PERIMETER-AREA METHOD），是一种常用的计算分形图形分维的实用方法，其在得到不同凝固组织的周长与面积之后就可以计算。对于数盒子方法与周长面积法，是一种现有技术，也是一种成熟理论，具体可参阅《分形几何学》，地震出版社2005年出版，陈颙、陈凌编著。 The box-counting method (BOX-COUNTING METHOD) adopted in the present invention is a practical method for calculating the fractal dimension of fractal graphics commonly used; take a small box with side length r (which can be understood as a small box with topological dimension d, and divide the fractal Covering, because there are various levels of holes and gaps inside the fractal, some small boxes are empty, and some small boxes cover a part of the fractal. Calculate how many small boxes are not empty, and the resulting "non-empty" (non-empty) ) box number is recorded as N (r), and then the size r of the box is reduced, and the resulting N (r) increases naturally; when r → 0, the fractal dimension relationship defined by the number box method is obtained. The present invention adopts the perimeter area method (PERIMETER-AREA METHOD), is a commonly used practical method for calculating the fractal dimension of fractal graphics, which can be calculated after obtaining the perimeter and area of different solidified tissues. For the number box method and the perimeter area method, it is a The existing technology is also a mature theory. For details, please refer to "Fractal Geometry", published by Earthquake Press in 2005, edited by Chen Yong and Chen Ling.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。 Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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