CN104192158A - Locomotive counterweight and weight and center-of-gravity adjusting method for variable axial load locomotive - Google Patents
Locomotive counterweight and weight and center-of-gravity adjusting method for variable axial load locomotive Download PDFInfo
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- CN104192158A CN104192158A CN201410482595.9A CN201410482595A CN104192158A CN 104192158 A CN104192158 A CN 104192158A CN 201410482595 A CN201410482595 A CN 201410482595A CN 104192158 A CN104192158 A CN 104192158A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a locomotive counterweight and a weight and center-of-gravity adjusting method for changing different axial loads of a locomotive through the locomotive counterweight. The locomotive counterweight comprises a fixed counterweight; the lower portion of the fixed counterweight is connected with a machine room equipment mount of a locomotive body through a connection structure; adjustable counterweights connected in a detachable manner are arranged on the upper portion of the fixed counterweight. According to the weight and center-of-gravity adjusting method, locomotive service weight, axle load and wheel load are detected, and the locomotive counterweight is adjusted in various ways according to detection results. The self-weight and center-of-gravity of the locomotive counterweight which is convenient to mount are convenient to adjust, so that the requirement for locomotive weight and the requirement for axle load and wheel load balance are accurately met; during installation of user-customized devices, the requirement for the locomotive service weight and the requirement for axle load and wheel load balance can be accurately met without making changes to the locomotive body, and modular design and manufacture of locomotives and engineering trucks are more convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Locomotive Axle Load conversion and weight in working order, balance weight adjusting, be specially a kind of locomotive clump weight and adopt weight and the center of gravity control method of this locomotive clump weight to locomotive conversion between disalignment is heavy.
Background technology
Conversion between the same type locomotive disalignment of railway heavy (weigh 25 tons of locomotives as axle weighs 23 tons with axle, axle weighs 27 tons and axle and weighs 30 tons of locomotives) is all to realize with clump weight, and the weight of each clump weight is fixed, can not regulating weight.Yet the weight of locomotive must meet the requirement of locomotive service weight, the deviation of its weight in working order generally can not surpass theoretical weight ± 2%, the center-of-gravity position of locomotive must with the vertical and horizontal center superposition of locomotive or as far as possible close, so that the actual axle of every axle of same joint locomotive heavy with the heavy difference of this locomotive actual average axle be not more than this locomotive actual average axle heavy ± 2%, the difference of each wheel wheel load and the average wheel load of this axle is no more than the average wheel load of this axle ± 4%, the algebraic sum of the car load left and right sides wheel method of double differences be no more than locomotive gross weight ± 1%; Be required to meet after locomotive completion, on straight road, before and after car body, level error is not more than 10mm simultaneously; Left and right sides level error is not more than 6mm.In new car design process, because the weight of facility location can not be accomplished the central point about locomotive completely, meeting above-mentioned requirements is difficult to, therefore common way is in the type test of new car is weighed, during according to actual locomotive service weight, weighing results that wheel load, axle are heavy, if locomotive service weight is inadequate, just must be to the locomotive processing of increasing weight; If locomotive service weight is overweight, just must carry out loss of weight processing to locomotive; If axle is heavy, wheel load overbalance, to meet above-mentioned requirements by adjust spring to process (being that spring place adds cushion block two) and increase counterweight block in the suitable position of locomotive to bogie truck.And be that spring place adds cushion block and must meet after the completion of above-mentioned locomotive two, level error requirement in upper body all around, straight road, therefore the tune spring by locomotive regulates the axle weight of locomotive and this method of wheel load to be subject to restriction significantly, conventionally all will add the counterweight block of constant weight.But in the facility location of locomotive, the layout of equipment is very compact on locomotive, find the place of applicable installation locomotive counterweight block very difficult.
After new car sizing, in the batch manufacturing of locomotive, the marketization along with railway locomotive, user's personalization equipment installation requirement (increasing or reduce certain equipment) is more and more, center-of-gravity position while likely causing the center-of-gravity position of locomotive to depart from this type locomotive sizing, what at locomotive, dispatch from the factory weighs in routine type test, only according to locomotive, adjusts spring can not meet the balance requirement of above-mentioned axle weight, wheel load at all; Or cause locomotive service weight not meet the demands.In the case, when locomotive service weight is overweight, just must carry out loss of weight design to car body; When locomotive service weight is inadequate, increase weight in position that just need to be suitable in car; When axle weight, wheel load overbalance and locomotive adjust spring not meet the demands, just must on locomotive, find again corresponding space and add balance block, to meet the balance requirement of Locomotive Axle Load, wheel load, in the situation that can not find suitable space, to change original design of locomotive car body, to meet the balance of the requirement of locomotive service weight and Locomotive Axle Load, wheel load.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of locomotive clump weight and a kind of weight and center of gravity control method that has disalignment heavily to change locomotive have been invented, adaptation equipment erection weight is about locomotive center not exclusively symmetrical situation and user individual equipment installation requirements, in the situation that not changing locomotive car body, the balance of locomotive service weight requirement, Locomotive Axle Load and wheel load can be met quickly and easily, and the installing space between machinery can be saved.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of locomotive clump weight, comprise fixed weight piece, the bottom of described fixed weight piece is connected by equipment mount pad between the machinery of connection structure and car body, and the top of fixed weight piece is provided with the adjusting clump weight that polylith connects with removably.
Locomotive clump weight is also provided with cover plate, and described adjusting clump weight is arranged between cover plate and fixed weight piece.
Described cover plate is at the topmost of locomotive clump weight, its effect is after fixed weight piece and all adjusting clump weights take off, cover plate is contained on the mount pad of corresponding clump weight below, protect on the one hand pipeline and the circuit between machinery, to driver and conductor and locomotive maintenance personnel, provide protection on the other hand, avoid being damaged or tripping by the pipe on locomotive, line;
The correspondence position of each adjusting clump weight is provided with connecting bore, and is provided with fastener through each adjusting clump weight and is connected with fixed weight piece.
The weight of described each adjusting clump weight is identical.
Described adjusting clump weight is in the mode of polylith between fixed weight piece and cover plate, and each regulates the weight of clump weight identical, regulates the quantity of clump weight to realize the weight that regulates each locomotive clump weight by arranging; Cover plate and adjusting clump weight are arranged on fixed weight piece top by bolt.
Described fixed weight piece weight accounts for the 80%-90% of locomotive clump weight weight, and the total weight of all adjusting clump weights accounts for the 10%-20% of locomotive clump weight weight.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of weight and center of gravity control method that has disalignment heavily to change locomotive, and locomotive service weight is changed between two kinds of weight of m and n, and m > n, comprises the steps:
When A) locomotive service weight is transferred to m from n, at engine truck, X the identical locomotive clump weight as described in one of claim 1-3 is installed, X is even number, and the weight of each locomotive clump weight is (m-n)/X, and a described X clump weight is installed with the central point of locomotive;
B) after the completion of the locomotive of new trial-production, do locomotive weighing type test or according to user's demand, at car body, personalization equipment be installed and do locomotive weighing routine test;
C) locomotive service weight, axle weight and wheel load are detected, and locomotive clump weight are done to the adjusting of following several modes according to result of a measurement:
A, when the overweight but axle of locomotive service weight is heavy, during wheel load balance, on each locomotive clump weight, take off the adjusting clump weight of identical weight, until meet the demands;
B, kick the beam but axle is heavy, during wheel load balance, increase the adjusting pouring weight of identical weight, until meet the demands on each locomotive clump weight when locomotive service weight;
C, when locomotive service weight meet the demands but axle is heavy, during wheel load overbalance, near on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, taking off adjusting clump weight, and the adjusting clump weight taking off is increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
D, when locomotive service weight overweight, the weight surpassing is enough to all take off on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight, and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, take off the adjusting clump weight of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, taking off adjusting clump weight again, and the adjusting clump weight taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
E, when locomotive service weight is overweight, the deficiency in weight surpassing regulates clump weight all to take off one on each clump weight, first taking off adjusting clump weight near on the clump weight of wheel load maximum, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; When as heavy in axle now, the discontented foot of wheel escheat requires, then taking off adjusting clump weight near on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, and the adjusting clump weight taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
F, kick the beam when locomotive service weight, the locomotive service weight differing is enough to all increase on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight, and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, increase the adjusting clump weight of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, taking off adjusting clump weight again, and the adjusting clump weight taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
G, when locomotive service weight kicks the beam, the locomotive service weight differing is not enough to all increase on each locomotive clump weight one and regulates clump weight, first on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, increases and regulates clump weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; When as heavy in axle now, the discontented foot of wheel escheat requires, then taking off adjusting clump weight near on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, and the adjusting clump weight taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
When D) locomotive service weight is transferred to n from m, all locomotive clump weights take off the adjusting clump weight of identical fixed weight piece and identical maximum weight, and the adjusting clump weight that the cover plate that the lightest locomotive clump weight place is remaining and other locomotive clump weight are remaining and cover plate are arranged on the cover plate installation seat of corresponding locomotive clump weight below.
The invention solves existing locomotive and cause weight in working order or the axle weight of locomotive because of the tight or user individual equipment installation requirement of when design weight control, wheel load does not meet the demands, thereby cause the change problem of locomotive car body, it is described that to have weight and the center of gravity control method that disalignment heavily changes locomotive be the upper lower deviation (deviation of general locomotive service weight is ± 2%) of utilizing locomotive service weight, by the clump weight of Locomotive Axle Load conversion and for regulating clump weight and the Locomotive Axle Load of locomotive service weight, these three kinds of pouring weights of different nature of the balance block of wheel load balance combine, in the situation that requiring equipment to install because of the tight or user of when design weight control to change, make it to realize the conversion between locomotive disalignment weight, meet the requirement of locomotive service weight simultaneously, again can be at axle weight, when wheel load is unbalanced, realize Locomotive Axle Load, the balance of wheel load.The convenient installation of locomotive clump weight of the present invention and adjusting own wt, center of gravity, make it accurately to meet locomotive weight requirement and axle is heavy, the balance requirement of wheel load, makes locomotive driving stability better; The counterweight block of locomotive center does not need special installing space, has saved the space between locomotive, engineering truck machinery, has improved accessibility and the maintainability of locomotive internal unit; When user individual equipment is installed, without car body being done to any change, can accurately meet the balance requirement of locomotive service weight requirement and axle weight, wheel load, make the modular design of locomotive, engineering truck and manufacture more convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of locomotive clump weight of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the installation site schematic diagram of locomotive clump weight of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of locomotive clump weight, comprise fixed weight piece 10, the bottom of fixed weight piece 10 is connected by equipment mount pad between the machinery of connection structure and car body 14, and the top of fixed weight piece 10 is provided with 2 adjusting clump weights 11 that weight is identical, regulate the top of clump weight 11 that cover plate 12 is installed, regulating clump weight 11 and cover plate 12 to be arranged on fixed weight piece 10 with fastener 13 by identical mounting hole.
The weight of fixed weight piece 10 accounts for 90% of locomotive clump weight weight, and each regulates the weight of clump weight 11 to account for 5% of each clump weight weight of locomotive.
Fastener 13 is bolt, and it debugs joint clump weight 11 and cover plate 12 is arranged on fixed weight piece 10.The connection structure of fixed weight piece 10 comprises vertical bolt 7, cross bolts 8, coordinates the nut 9 of installing with vertical bolt 7 and cross bolts 8, vertical bolt 7 is fixed fixed weight piece by the vertical opening mounting guide rail on mount pad between machinery, and the transverse opening mounting guide rail of cross bolts 8 by mount pad between machinery is fixed fixed weight piece, the combination of longitudinal bolt 7 and cross bolts 8 can guarantee the vertical, laterally and longitudinally fixing of fixed weight piece after installing.
Embodiment 2
Have disalignment heavily to change weight and the center of gravity control method of locomotive, certain 2 (B0-B0) shaft type locomotive will be realized the heavy and 27 tons of conversions that axle is heavy of 30 tons of axles, and when 30 tons of axles are heavy, weight in working order is
(every joint locomotive service weight
), weight in working order when 27 tons of axles are heavy
(every joint locomotive service weight
).During design, press axle and weigh 27 tons of states, 107.5 tons of every joint locomotive service weights, add and become axle after 12 tons of clump weight gross weights and weigh 30 tons of states (119.5 tons of every joint locomotive service weights).Locomotive clump weight is divided into 6, adopts locomotive clump weight in embodiment 1, and each locomotive clump weight pivot weight is 2 tons, and wherein every clump weight is that the fixed weight piece 10 of 1.8 tons, two substances are that the adjusting clump weight 11 of 0.1 ton forms by a weight.
6 locomotive clump weight installation sites and relation be each other as shown in Figure 2: the first locomotive clump weight 1 and the 4th locomotive clump weight 4 are symmetrical about locomotive center-point O; The second locomotive clump weight 2 and the 5th locomotive clump weight 5 are symmetrical about locomotive center-point O; The 3rd locomotive clump weight 3 and the 6th locomotive clump weight 6 are symmetrical about locomotive center-point O;
When locomotive trial-production completion or batch manufacturing, according to user's demand, at car body, install after personalization equipment, weigh type test or routine test, according to result of a measurement, locomotive clump weight is done the adjusting of following several modes:
A, when the overweight but axle of locomotive service weight is heavy, during wheel load balance, on the first locomotive clump weight 1~six locomotive clump weight 6, take off the adjusting clump weight 11 of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement;
B, kick the beam but axle is heavy, during wheel load balance, increase the adjusting clump weight 11 of identical weight on the first locomotive clump weight 1~six locomotive clump weight 6 when locomotive service weight; Until meet locomotive service weight requirement;
C, meet the demands but axle is heavy, during wheel load overbalance, regulate clump weight 11 taking off near wheel load maximum when locomotive service weight, regulate clump weight 11 accordingly increasing near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
D, when locomotive service weight overweight, the weight surpassing is enough to all take off on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight 11, and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, take off the adjusting clump weight 11 of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight 11 again, and the adjusting clump weight 11 taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
E, when locomotive service weight is overweight, the deficiency in weight surpassing regulates clump weight 11 all to take off one on each clump weight, first regulating clump weight 11 near taking off on the clump weight of wheel load maximum, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; When as heavy in axle now, the discontented foot of wheel escheat requires, then regulating clump weight 11 near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, and the adjusting clump weight 11 taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
F, kick the beam when locomotive service weight, the locomotive service weight differing is enough to all increase on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight 11, and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, increase the adjusting clump weight 11 of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight 11 again, and the adjusting clump weight 11 taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
G, kick the beam when locomotive service weight, the locomotive service weight differing is not enough to all increase on each locomotive clump weight one and regulates clump weight 11, first on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, increase and regulate clump weight 11, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; When as heavy in axle now, the discontented foot of wheel escheat requires, then regulating clump weight 11 near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, and the adjusting clump weight 11 taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
When locomotive is converted to the heavy state of 27 tons of axles by 30 tons of heavy states of axle, the first locomotive clump weight 1~six locomotive clump weight 6 takes off identical fixed weight piece 10 and identical maximum weight regulates clump weight 11, take that what regulate clump weight 11 quantity minimums in the first locomotive clump weight 1~six locomotive clump weight 6 is benchmark, only leave the cover plate 12 at this place, identical weight is taken off at other locomotive clump weight place, 5 place, the adjusting clump weight 11 that the first locomotive clump weight 1~six locomotive clump weight 6 places are remaining and cover plate 12 are arranged on cover plate 11 mount pads of corresponding locomotive clump weight below.
Claims (6)
1. a locomotive clump weight, it is characterized in that, comprise fixed weight piece (10), the bottom of described fixed weight piece (10) is connected by equipment mount pad between the machinery of connection structure and car body (14), and the top of fixed weight piece is provided with the adjusting clump weight (11) that polylith connects with removably.
2. locomotive clump weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described locomotive clump weight is also provided with cover plate (12), and described adjusting clump weight (11) is arranged between cover plate (12) and fixed weight piece (10).
3. locomotive clump weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each regulates the correspondence position of clump weight to be provided with connecting bore, and is provided with fastener and regulates clump weight (11) and be connected with fixed weight piece (10) through each.
4. locomotive clump weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described each regulate the weight of clump weight (11) identical.
5. according to the described locomotive clump weight of one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the weight of described fixed weight piece (10) accounts for the 80%-90% of locomotive clump weight weight, and the total weight of all adjusting clump weights (11) accounts for the 10%-20% of locomotive clump weight weight.
6. have disalignment heavily to change weight and the center of gravity control method of locomotive, locomotive service weight is changed between two kinds of weight of m and n, and m > n, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
When A) locomotive service weight is transferred to m from n, at locomotive car body equipment room, X the identical locomotive clump weight as described in one of claim 1-5 is installed, X is even number, and the weight of each locomotive clump weight is (m-n)/X, and a described X clump weight is installed with the central point of locomotive;
B) after the completion of the locomotive of new trial-production, do locomotive weighing type test or after car body is installed personalization equipment, do locomotive weighing routine test according to user's demand;
C) locomotive service weight, axle weight and wheel load are detected, and locomotive clump weight are done to the adjusting of following several modes according to result of a measurement:
A, when the overweight but axle of locomotive service weight is heavy, during wheel load balance, on each locomotive clump weight, take off the adjusting clump weight (11) of identical weight, until meet the demands;
B, kick the beam but axle is heavy, during wheel load balance, increase the adjusting pouring weight (11) of identical weight, until meet the demands on each locomotive clump weight when locomotive service weight;
C, when locomotive service weight meet the demands but axle is heavy, during wheel load overbalance, near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight (11), and the adjusting clump weight (11) taking off is increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
D, when locomotive service weight overweight, the weight surpassing is enough to all take off on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight (11), and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, take off the adjusting clump weight (11) of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight (11) again, and the adjusting clump weight (11) taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
E, when locomotive service weight is overweight, the deficiency in weight surpassing regulates clump weight all to take off one on each clump weight, first regulating clump weight (11) near taking off on the clump weight of wheel load maximum, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; While requiring enough as now axle heavily, wheel escheat is discontented, near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight (11) again, and the adjusting clump weight (11) taking off is increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
F, kick the beam when locomotive service weight, the locomotive service weight differing is enough to all increase on each clump weight at least one and regulates clump weight (11), and when axle is heavy, wheel load balance does not meet the demands, first on each locomotive clump weight, increase the adjusting clump weight (11) of identical weight, until meet locomotive service weight requirement; Near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight (11) again, and the adjusting clump weight (11) taking off is being increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
G, kick the beam when locomotive service weight, the locomotive service weight differing is not enough to all increase on each locomotive clump weight one and regulates clump weight (11), first on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, increase and regulate clump weight (11), until meet locomotive service weight requirement; While requiring enough as now axle heavily, wheel escheat is discontented, near taking off on the locomotive clump weight of wheel load maximum, regulating clump weight (11) again, and the adjusting clump weight (11) taking off is increased on the locomotive clump weight near the minimum place of wheel load, until axle is heavy, wheel load balance;
When D) locomotive service weight is transferred to n from m, all locomotive clump weights take off the adjusting clump weight (11) of fixed weight piece (10) and identical maximum weight, and the adjusting clump weight (11) that the cover plate (12) that the lightest locomotive clump weight place is remaining and other locomotive clump weight are remaining and cover plate (12) are arranged on the mount pad of corresponding locomotive clump weight below.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109249950A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-22 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Net rail detects vehicle weight arragement construction |
EP3459808A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-27 | Stadler Rail Valencia S.A.U. | Ballast system |
CN111746565A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-09 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | Counterweight device capable of flexibly adjusting counterweight of locomotive and method thereof |
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CN103057346A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 常熟市碧溪起重吊装设备制造厂 | Crane cart wheel |
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GB568791A (en) * | 1942-02-25 | 1945-04-20 | Hugh Wheeler Sandford | Door latch mechanism for conveying equipment |
EP1224109A1 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-07-24 | Mikon Kft | Apparatus for moving containers |
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CN103057346A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 常熟市碧溪起重吊装设备制造厂 | Crane cart wheel |
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EP3459808A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-27 | Stadler Rail Valencia S.A.U. | Ballast system |
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CN109249950A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-22 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Net rail detects vehicle weight arragement construction |
CN111746565A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-09 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | Counterweight device capable of flexibly adjusting counterweight of locomotive and method thereof |
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