CN104186060B - Corn breeding method capable of carrying out cold plasma treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corn breeding method capable of carrying out cold plasma treatment. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out cold plasma treatment on seeds of a core variety; carrying out generation increment breeding on the seeds subjected to cold plasma treatment, carrying out assistant breeding by molecular marking and isozyme identification, and carrying out single plant selection so as to select a selfing line with target characters and excellent variation; carrying out selfing purification and rejuvenation on the selfing line with excellent variation, and then carrying out hybridized combination to obtain good corn seeds. According to the method, the three technologies including molecular marking, isozyme identification and heterosis utilization are combined after the cold plasma treatment, so that the corn breeding period is further shortened, the breeding speed is accelerated, and a better new corn variety can be obtained by breeding; the corn breeding method and means have advancement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corn breeding method, the corn breeding method of particularly a kind of cold plasma process, belongs to agriculture field.
Background technology
Traditional corn breeding has very large achievement in the past few decades really, but due to limitation such as breeding time are long, efficiency is lower, only by rule of thumb, relatively blindly, cause low-level repetition, homogeneity serious, current traditional corn breeding runs into very large bottleneck, even stagnates.Want in corn breeding, have higher achievement, just must rely on modern science and technology.But, there is breakthrough transgenic breeding method at present and cause heated argument in the world, think that genetically modified crops have great potential danger, may threaten to human health and environment for human survival.Along with the development of space technology, the environmental condition utilizing space special becomes a kind of emerging breeding method to the mutagenesis that plant seed produces to carry out fine-variety breeding, but space breeding is a kind of new method of induced mutations breeding, the generation of all induced mutationss is all random, also do not accomplish directed mutagenesis at present, the success rate of space breeding also has very big difference along with the difference of species, and the cost of space breeding is quite high, and not general entity and individual can bear.
In this case, how to find one can break through traditional biological breeding low-level repetition operation, do not change again the breeding technique of gene character, safety and environmental protection, become the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of corn breeding method of cold plasma process, overcome traditional breeding technique time length, target blindness, breeding quality is low, breeding cost is high drawback, corn breeding means have novelty.
A corn breeding method for cold plasma process, comprises step as follows:
(1) seed of corn variety is carried out cold plasma process;
(2) seed of cold plasma process is carried out adding generation, first adopt molecular labeling and Identification of Isozyme means to carry out assistant breeding, carry out Single-plant selection, select the excellent variation inbred line with objective trait; Excellent variation inbred line is carried out selfing purification and rejuvenation again, is hybridized combination and obtains superior corn kind.
The corn breeding method of above-mentioned cold plasma process, cold plasma is treated to and is placed in cold plasma processor by the Parent seed of corn variety, under the processing power of 1-500W, the unionized width of 15-20 second is carried out to corn seed and penetrate process, process is working media with helium, carries out in vacuum sealing environment.
The corn breeding method of above-mentioned cold plasma process, described processing power is preferably 10-220W, and the time of process is preferably 15-18s; Described processing power more preferably 120-220W, the time more preferably 18s of process.
The corn breeding method of above-mentioned cold plasma process, described selfing is purificated and rejuvenated and is hybridized combination and comprises following program: the selection of starting material garden, the seed selection of inbred line breeding garden, the hybridization of hybridization garden, the qualification of qualification garden, product are selected than garden.
Described corn variety is preferred: No. 99118, Shandong kind, No. 958, Zheng Dan, dredge single No. 20, first beautiful No. 335, No. 101, agriculture China, No. 105, blue or green agriculture, No. 2, Wu Ke, Wuke 1, safe No. 33 of rich No. 118, days of hat, step on No. 605, sea.
Described objective trait be with without any process with a collection of same breed corn parent material compared with there is following at least one proterties: germination capacity of seeds improves, height of seedling increases, plant height reduces, main root long increases, fibrous root grow increase, seedling dry weight/fresh weight increases, Ear height increases, spike length increases, fringe slightly increases, grain number per spike increases, thousand kernel weight increases, output increases.Described germination capacity of seeds is embodied as corn seed germination gesture and/or germination rate.
Wherein, the proterties of Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds is mainly manifested in germination vigor raising or germination rate raising or output increases; The proterties of dredging single No. 20 kinds is mainly manifested in height of seedling growth or grain number per spike increase or spike length to be increased;
The proterties being preced with rich No. 118 kinds is mainly manifested in the long growth of main root;
The proterties of Zheng Dan No. 958 kinds is mainly manifested in the long growth of fibrous root;
The proterties of military section No. 2 kinds is mainly manifested in the growth of seedling dry weight or fringe slightly increases;
The proterties of Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds is mainly manifested in seedling fresh weight and increases;
The proterties of they safe No. 33 kinds is mainly manifested in the plant height reduction of plant;
The proterties of blue or green agriculture No. 105 kinds is mainly manifested in thousand kernel weight to be increased.
Method provided by the invention is that the latent gene be activated is given full expression to by a Growing season by seed after cold plasma process, produces certain Memorability, is engraved in seed, after the plantation of lower generation, still actively expresses, has vigor continuity.The method breaches the serious and transgenic breeding potential danger of traditional corn breeding low-level repetition, homogeneity, and the shortcoming that space breeding economic input is huge, can shorten the corn breeding cycle, corn breeding method and means have advance.
The advantage of the corn breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process provided by the invention is as follows:
1, after the process of the inventive method cold plasma again by breeding method that molecular labeling and Identification of Isozyme and heterosis utilization three kinds of technology combine, the further shortening corn breeding cycle, accelerate breeding speed, and more excellent corn variety can be selected.
2, cold plasma technology process inbred line seed is utilized to excite seed vitality, realize short long, degeneration-resistant effect, the corn seed germination gesture be bred as, germination rate increase, resistance strengthens, high yield, stable yields, wide suitable, high-quality, be suitable for dense planting and do mechanization operation, fill up the blank that in field of agricultural sciences, unionized width technology of penetrating is applied on corn breeding.
3, pollution-free, consume energy low, low-carbon (LC), and genomic dna sequence does not change, and the change occurred by gene expression is brought out _ 0 Generation in Corn proterties and changed, and overcomes the danger that genetically modified crops are potential, can not threaten to human health and environment for human survival.
4, cold plasma processing power is artificially controlled, the processing power of a certain specific trait of certain corn seed can be found by repetition test, the demand of selecting and breeding corn improved seeds can be met better, overcome traditional breeding technique time length, target blindness, breeding quality is low, breeding cost is high drawback, corn breeding means have novelty.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that corn is purificated and rejuvenated 3 years two garden schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Shandong kind 99118 passed through authorization in 2005 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. [2005] 008, word, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Zheng Dan 958 passed through authorization in 2000 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Shandong kind examines No. 0319th, word; In 2000 by country's authorization, variety certification is numbered: state examines beautiful 20000009.The public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Dredge single 20 in 2003 by Henan Province, Hebei province and country's authorization, authorize numbering and be respectively: state examines beautiful 2003054, beautiful 2003004 and Ji careful beautiful 2003001 are examined in Henan.The public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
First beautiful 335 passed through authorization in 2003 in country, authorization numbering: state examines No. 2004017, jade, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Agriculture China 101 passed through authorization in 2010 in country, authorization numbering: state examines jade 2010008, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Blue or green agriculture 105 passed through authorization in 2010 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2010006, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Military No. 2, section passed through authorization in 2004 in Gansu, and authorization numbering: sweet careful beautiful 2004010, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Wuke 1 passed through authorization in 2005 in Gansu, and authorization numbering: sweet careful beautiful 2005004, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Be preced with rich 118 and passed through authorization in 2009 in Shanxi, authorization numbering: jade 2009019 is examined in Shanxi, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
It Thailand 33 passed through authorization in 2008 in Shandong, authorization numbering: the careful jade 2008007 of state, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Step on sea 605 and passed through authorization in 2010 in Shandong, authorization numbering: state examines jade 2010009, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
The corn breeding method of embodiment 1, a kind of cold plasma process
Utilize the corn breeding method of cold plasma process, can obtain germination vigor, germination rate increases, resistance strengthens, and high yield, stable yields, wide suitable, high-quality, is suitable for the corn variety of the characteristic trait such as dense planting and do mechanization operation, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) collection meets the breeding material of breeding goal as emphasis seed selection object
Concrete experiment material is Shandong kind 99118, Zheng Dan 958, dredge single 20, first rich 118, the sky Thailand 33 of beautiful 335, agriculture China 101, blue or green agriculture 105, No. 2, Wu Ke, Wuke 1, hat, step on the parent material of the corn varieties such as sea 605.
(2) parent material of corn variety selected for step 1 is placed in cold plasma processor, use high-octane material aggregation state, under the processing power of 1-500W, the unionized width of 15-20 second is carried out to the breeding material (the Parent seed of corn) of corn and penetrate process, the necessary condition of process take helium as working media, carries out in vacuum sealing environment.
(3) breeding material of cold plasma process is preserved under low temperature drying condition, to wait to begin sowing in good time.
(4) with without any process, the same batch of seeds of corresponding corn variety that step 1 is selected carries out cultivating compared with the corn (contrast) that obtains, carries out cultivating that the corn obtained achieves the purification and rejuvenation of corresponding parent material, output increased, hybrid seed yield increase, quality improving and resistance enhancing through the seed of cold plasma process.
Cold plasma process on the germination vigor of corn seed and the impact of germination rate as shown in table 1:
The germination vigor of corn seed and germination rate under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 1
The ratio that germination vigor in table 1 and germination rate improve represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding corn variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, germination vigor and germination rate are improved, and the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 1.Such as, processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the ratio that germination vigor improves was the highest is Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds, and be 12.34%, minimum is Wuke a kind, is 10.11%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the ratio that germination rate improves was the highest is Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds, and be 4.78%, minimum is Wuke a kind, is 1.68%.
Table 1 shows, when processing power is 80W, processing time is when being 18s, improve maximum through the germination vigor of the seed of the corn of cold plasma process, germination rate, 10.11%-12.34%, 1.68%-4.78% is improved respectively than contrast, illustrate after cold plasma process, corn seed germination is emerged fast and neatly, is achieved the purification and rejuvenation of parent material.
The impact of cold plasma process on growth of maize is as shown in table 2:
Corn height of seedling, main root length, fibrous root length and dry, fresh weight under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 2
In table 2, the ratio that height of seedling, main root are long, fibrous root long and dry, fresh weight improves represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding corn variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, the ratio that height of seedling, main root are long, fibrous root is long and dry, fresh weight improves.Such as, processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the ratio that height of seedling improves was the highest is dredge single No. 20 kinds, and be 8.34%, minimum Shi Wu section No. 2 kinds are 7.16%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the long ratio improved of main root was the highest is rich No. 118 kinds of hat, and be 26.14%, minimum is blue or green agriculture No. 105 kinds, is 18.96%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the long ratio improved of fibrous root was the highest is Zheng Dan No. 958 kinds, is 29.78%, and minimum is safe No. 33 kinds in sky, is 26.74%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what the ratio that seedling dry weight improves was the highest is Wuke a kind, is 1.10%, and minimum is agriculture China No. 101 kinds, is 0.60%.What the ratio that fresh weight improves was the highest is Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds, is 5.87%, and minimum is agriculture China No. 101 kinds, is 4.73%.
Table 2 shows, when processing power is 140W, when the processing time is 18s, maize seedling high growth through cold plasma process is maximum, and improve 7.16%-8.34% than contrast, height of seedling uprises, illustrate that cold plasma process facilitates the quick growth of seedling, growth potential is vigorous; When processing power is 140W, when the processing time is 18s, the maize radicle length through cold plasma process exceeds 18.96%-26.14% than contrast, and fibrous root length exceeds 26.74%-29.78% than contrast.Root system lengthens, and more has outstanding role to the moisture absorbed in deep soil and nutrient; When processing power is 140W, when the processing time is 18s, the maize seedling fresh weight through cold plasma process exceeds 4.73%-5.87% than contrast, and seedling dry weight exceeds 0.60%-1.10% than contrast.Miao Gan, fresh weight increase, and illustrate that cold plasma process facilitates the quick growth of seedling, plant strain growth gesture is vigorous.By above process, achieve the purification and rejuvenation of parent material.
The impact of cold plasma process on corn biological character is as shown in table 3:
Corn plant height, Ear height under table 3 shooting stage different cold plasma treatment conditions
In table 3, the increasing rate of milpa plant height Ear height represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding corn variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, plant plant height and the larger change of Ear height, the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 3.Such as, processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what plant plant height increasing rate was the highest is safe No. 33 kinds in sky, is 4.57%, and minimum is dredge single No. 20 kinds, is 2.27%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, it is safe No. 33 kinds in sky that plant Ear height reduces maximum, and for-7.35%, reducing minimum is step on No. 605 kinds in sea, for-4.65%.
Table 3 shows, when processing power is 140W, processing time is when being 18s, the milpa plant height obtained by the seed through cold plasma process and Ear height increasing rate improve maximum, improve 2.27%-4.57% and-7.35%--4.65% than contrast respectively, achieve the output increased of parent material.
The impact of cold plasma process on Yield Traits In Corn is as shown in table 4:
Corn ear length under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 4, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and output
In table 4, corn ear length, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and output increased ratio represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding corn variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, corn ear length, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and output are improved, and the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 4.Such as, processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what spike length raising ratio was the highest is dredge single No. 20 kinds, is 13.41%, and minimum is safe No. 33 kinds in sky, is 9.37%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, fringe slightly improves the highest Shi Wu section of ratio No. 2 kinds, is 2.47%, and minimum is rich No. 118 kinds of hat, is 1.73%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what grain number per spike raising ratio was the highest is dredge single No. 20 kinds, is 15.71%, and minimum is rich No. 118 kinds of hat, is 11.19%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what thousand kernel weight raising ratio was the highest is blue or green agriculture No. 105 kinds, is 5.10%, and minimum is safe No. 33 kinds in sky, is 3.08%.Processing power is 140W, and when the processing time is 18s, what output increased ratio was the highest is Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds, is 9.78%, and minimum Shi Wu section No. 2 kinds are 5.34%.
Table 4 shows, when processing power is 140W, processing time is when being 18s, the spike length obtained by the seed through cold plasma process exceeds 9.37%-13.41% than contrast, fringe slightly exceeds 1.73%-2.47% than contrast, and grain number per spike exceeds 11.19%-15.71% than contrast, and thousand kernel weight exceeds 3.08%-5.10% than contrast, yield increased exceeds 5.34%-9.78%, and the hybrid seed yield achieving parent material increases.
More than experiment shows, when processing power is within the scope of 1-500W, compared with the control, quality and the resistance of the corn obtained by the seed through cold plasma process obviously strengthen.
(5) breeding material of cold plasma process is carried out adding generation and Field Screening, choose target variation by generation.
Adding generation is exactly exceed the breeding cycle of species itself and the reproductive process of reproductive number, also only when manual intervention, uses certain technological means (such as artificial pollination or insemination) just can reach.Adding generation is for shortening breeding cycle, and increasing actual production has important meaning.
Utilize DNA molecular marker technology to carry out assistant breeding, can variety of crops be differentiated, assessment varietal purity, analyze agronomic trait gene, Isolation and Identification genetic stocks, determines chromosome volume, to the detection of chromosome nonhomologous and chromosomal structural aberration, thus carry out assistant breeding.
Enzyme is the product of gene, is the result of gene expression.Enzyme difference is structurally mainly derived from gene, and Isozyme spectra of LDH is the phenotype of the molecular level after gene expression, and research Isozyme spectra of LDH just likely contacts the relation of gene, gene expression and metabolism, cell and overall phenotype.Similitude due to isodynamic enzyme structure has reacted interbiotic affiliation, the therefore classification to can be used for kind of Isozyme Analysis, and isozyme data can as qualification species, research classification, evolve, the important indicator of heredity and variation.Therefore, Identification of Isozyme is utilized to carry out assistant breeding.
During the plantation of individual plant 1st generation will through step (2) process and with without any process, the same a collection of breeding material (seed) of corresponding corn variety that step (1) is selected simultaneously subregion sow, carry out comparative trial, observation economical character and the coefficient of variation, adopt the means such as molecular labeling and Identification of Isozyme to carry out assistant breeding simultaneously, carry out Single-plant selection, select excellent variation.2nd generation carries out Single-plant selection, selfed breeding.3rd generation and later each generation, according to the degree of fixation of strain, individual plant, group, mixing system of selection can be adopted, until be bred as the inbred line of good stable.
(6) with the inbred line that step (5) obtains, select the Parent of inbred line as crossbreed that advantage is strong, meet breeding goal, carry out hybridization pollination and obtain elite hybrid.
Its main program is: starting material garden, inbred line breeding garden, hybridization garden, qualification garden, product compare garden.
1., starting material garden.Plant the stock of selective inbred line, the parent after cold plasma treatment and corresponding untreated parent plant wherein respectively.Elite plant strain is selected according to objective trait.
2., inbred line breeding garden.Plant selfing in colony, middlely selects fringe respectively threshing, next in season kind become head progeny row S1, between head progeny row, carry out self progeny's selection.Along with the carrying out of selfing, emphasis is selected to turn between head progeny row to select in head progeny row, and during generation of certainly accompanying each other, every generation all will carry out pedigree record S2-S3.By record, can review the similarities and differences between being from Genetic Performance, selected offspring's number successively decreases with selfing algebraically increase successively half.Permission selfing hybridization concept carries out maize population improvement, and binding site has selfing, coordinate force, hybridization performance and Other Main Agronomic Characters.Selfing and combining ability test are conducive to population improvement, selfing and combining ability test work is carried out in recurrent selection, using coordinate force genetic parameter as inbred line and breeding hybridized foundation, by maize population improvement with breeding hybridizedly to combine closely, low generation just can be selected to be as the high excellent recombination system for system, to improve the value of population improvement.Some in low generation major clique, directly can form pedigree group with them, then select major clique through adding generation.In a word, in population improvement process, each step should, according to the requirement of breeding objective, be all breeding hybridized service.
3., garden is hybridized.Selected parental combination is planted in this garden, carries out hybridization pollination, focuses on and be measured.
4., garden is identified.The excellent strain that plantation hybridization garden selects, in qualification garden, carry out elementary Yield compari@, qualification is for examination quality of materials.
5., product compare garden.The excellent strain that field plot test garden is selected.Variety test of lines carry out in larger area more accurately, more representational yield trials, simultaneously to the qualification that the breeding objective such as yielding ability, stability, resistance of new lines carries out specifically.
Seed selection like this through about 4 generations, reach inbred line and stablize, carry out variety comparative test and regional test, production demonstration and Quality Detection etc., carry out kind technical appraisement afterwards, breeding of new variety work completes.
Obtain germination vigor by above step, germination rate increases, resistance strengthens, and high yield, stable yields, wide suitable, high-quality, is suitable for the corn variety of the characteristic trait such as dense planting and do mechanization operation, meets expection standard.
Claims (5)
1. a corn breeding method for cold plasma process, is characterized in that, comprises step as follows:
(1) seed of corn variety is carried out cold plasma process, cold plasma is treated to and is placed in cold plasma processor by the Parent seed of corn variety, under the processing power of 140W, process is penetrated to the unionized width that corn seed carries out 18 seconds, process is working media with helium, carries out in vacuum sealing environment;
(2) seed of cold plasma process is carried out adding generation, first adopt molecular labeling and Identification of Isozyme means to carry out assistant breeding, carry out Single-plant selection, select the excellent variation inbred line with objective trait; Excellent variation inbred line is carried out selfing purification and rejuvenation again, is hybridized combination and obtains superior corn kind.
2. according to the corn breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described selfing is purificated and rejuvenated and is hybridized combination and comprises following program: the selection of starting material garden, the seed selection of inbred line breeding garden, the hybridization of hybridization garden, the qualification of qualification garden, product are selected than garden.
3. the corn breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process according to any one of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, described corn variety is selected from: No. 99118, Shandong kind, No. 958, Zheng Dan, dredge single No. 20, first beautiful No. 335, No. 101, agriculture China, No. 105, blue or green agriculture, No. 2, Wu Ke, No. 1, Wu Ke, be preced with safe No. 33 of rich No. 118, days, step on No. 605, sea.
4. the corn breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process according to any one of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, described objective trait be with without any process with a collection of same breed corn parent material compared with there is following at least one proterties: germination capacity of seeds improves, height of seedling increases, plant height reduces, main root is long to be increased, fibrous root is long to be increased, seedling dry weight/fresh weight increases, Ear height increases, spike length increases, fringe slightly increases, grain number per spike increases, thousand kernel weight increases, output increases, described germination capacity of seeds is embodied as corn seed germination gesture and/or germination rate.
5., according to the corn breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process described in claim 4, it is characterized in that,
The proterties of Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds is mainly manifested in germination vigor raising or germination rate improves or output increases;
The proterties of dredging single No. 20 kinds is mainly manifested in height of seedling growth or grain number per spike increase or spike length to be increased;
The proterties being preced with rich No. 118 kinds is mainly manifested in the long growth of main root;
The proterties of Zheng Dan No. 958 kinds is mainly manifested in the long growth of fibrous root;
The proterties of military section No. 2 kinds is mainly manifested in the growth of seedling dry weight or fringe slightly increases;
The proterties of Shandong kind No. 99118 kinds is mainly manifested in seedling fresh weight and increases;
The proterties of they safe No. 33 kinds is mainly manifested in the plant height reduction of plant;
The proterties of blue or green agriculture No. 105 kinds is mainly manifested in thousand kernel weight to be increased.
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| CN104855281B (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-10-26 | 山东农业工程学院 | The Cucurbita pepo L. breeding method that a kind of cold plasma processes |
| CN105028191A (en) * | 2015-09-12 | 2015-11-11 | 温州市农业科学研究院作物研究所 | Breeding method for early season rice using microwave irradiation |
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