CN104181821B - Comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning method applicable to superconducting magnets or superconducting equipment - Google Patents

Comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning method applicable to superconducting magnets or superconducting equipment Download PDF

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CN104181821B
CN104181821B CN201410390850.7A CN201410390850A CN104181821B CN 104181821 B CN104181821 B CN 104181821B CN 201410390850 A CN201410390850 A CN 201410390850A CN 104181821 B CN104181821 B CN 104181821B
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superconduction
superconducting
equipment
temperature
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CN104181821A (en
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余海涛
董坤
胡敏强
黄磊
仲伟波
陈中显
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning method applicable to superconducting magnets or superconducting equipment. A superconductivity dynamic model, a superconductivity dynamic model based early warning method, a temperature variation based closed-loop control method and an early warning method based on specific heat sudden change in superconductive phase transformation are designed in a way of starting with physical principles such as the superconductivity, superconductive phase transformation and the like, being combined with microscopic principles and macroscopic phenomena of the superconductivity and according to the energy conservation law, a non-linear model of the superconductivity, the specific heat change in the superconductive phase transformation process and the like. Specifically, the superconductivity and the like are transmitted to a superconductor operation monitoring platform through corresponding sensors of the temperature, the magnetic field and the electrical quantity under the condition that the superconducting magnets or the superconducting equipment operate normally, the monitoring platform carries out DFFT treatment on data so as to acquire corresponding measurement values, and the measurement values are sent to the superconductivity dynamic model, the temperature variation based closed-loop control method and the quench early warning method based on the specific heat sudden change in superconductive phase transformation so as to carry out further treatment on the data.

Description

It is applied to superconducting magnet or the comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning of superconduction equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning being applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, by superconduction Electrically dynamic model, quench during superconductor specific heat mutation, simplify the temperature of preservation of energy and the directly dynamic of flow velocity Functional relationship organically combines, and forms a comprehensive monitor in real time early warning being applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment Method.
Background technology
With the development of superconductor technology, the particularly discovery of high temperature superconducting materia, superconduction runs required environmental index Obtain technical raising, greatly facilitate the development of superconductor applications.But, temperature, electric current density and electromagnetism intensity etc. The condition that superconduction runs needs is still harsh, is the key factor determining superconductor applications development.Quench is that superconduction is returned from superconducting state To often leading state, becoming from zero impedance has impedance, and meanwhile, the electric current density of superconduction is big, energy consumption is little and can form high-intensity magnetic field etc. Characteristic disappears, and superconductor cannot use.Therefore, the monitor in real time early warning of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment is superconductor applications Important research direction.
The normal superconducting magnet run or superconduction are equipped due to its special physical property, can not only carry substantial amounts of electricity Can, and high-intensity magnetic field, storage and the substantial amounts of energy of abrupt release can be formed with superconducting coil, the high-quality realizing electromagnetic energy produces And conversion.Once quenching, the energy in superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment must discharge, otherwise, insulation damages, coil burnout, very Extremely even more serious accident can be caused.Therefore, research is applied to superconducting magnet or the monitor in real time early warning of superconduction equipment is superconduction One of pith of application.
From the point of view of the macroscopic perspective of superconduction research, quench macroscopic appearance and refer to quench superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment in phase transformation Extrinsic factor change (such as the vaporization of superconduction cryogenic liquid bring temperature, pressure, the change such as mechanical stress) and interior In the change (such as change of impedance) of physical parameter, the process of quenching is also the mistake that electromagnetic energy is changed into heat energy, mechanical energy etc. Journey, is that impedance becomes big, temperature raises, superconductor specific heat is mutated, cooling medium expands or vaporization, volume with this process Increase, the inner wall pressure of superconduction Dewar is excessive etc., the electromagnetism stability during therefore quenching and mechanical stability etc. become super Lead the focus of application development.Its study hotspot mainly quenches inducement, quenches phenomenon and quench the aspects such as protection, wherein quenches inducement Research from Superconducting Mechanism and superconductor, numerical value process has been carried out to parameters during quenching, to minimum initial Propagation zone and minimum quench energy etc. and are estimated, or even some researchs also establish mathematical model simultaneously to the process that entirely quenches Carry out simulation process.
Content of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is from physics such as superconductivity, superconduction phase transformations Principle is set out, in conjunction with superconduction microcosmic principle and macroscopic appearance, according to law of conservation of energy, the nonlinear model of superconductivity and super Lead ratio thermal change in phase transition process etc., devise superconductivity dynamic model, the pre- police of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive The method for early warning of specific heat mutation in method, the closed loop control method based on temperature variation and based superconductive phase transformation, forms a kind of It is applied to superconducting magnet or the comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning of superconduction equipment.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
During quenching, the voltage rising of superconducting cable, magnet or coil can cause insulation damages, electromagnetism releasable Heat energy and the impact such as Dewar pressure produced by cooling medium expansion, and electromagnetic energy release can produce heat energy, cooling medium expands Dewar pressure can be produced;The present invention from the angle of physical principle, summarizes superconductivity, specific heat during superconduction phase transformation Change and the energy exchange principle keeping superconduction low temperature, can predict exactly and quench and can adjust superconduction with real-time closed-loop formula The flow velocity of coolant, greatly increases superconduction reliability of operation, is effectively protected superconductor.It is specially one kind to be applied to Superconducting magnet or the comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning of superconduction equipment, are divided into the pre- police of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive In method, the closed loop control method based on temperature variation and based superconductive phase transformation, method for early warning three part of specific heat mutation, right Superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment carry out real time execution monitoring, control and quench anticipation, specifically include following steps:
(1) electric parameters when superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment being run and non-electric quantity are acquired, wherein electric parameters bag Include superconduction magnetic flux density b, superconduction voltage u and supercurrent i, non-electric quantity includes superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v;
(2) initialize superconduction flux density threshold bc, superconducting temperature marginal value tcWith supercurrent marginal value ic
(3) method for early warning of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive, specifically includes following steps:
(31) set up superconductivity dynamic model;Temperature, magnetic field intensity and electric current density are the three elements of superconductivity, when Superconductor one timing, there is the relation that influences each other in this three elements, wherein electric current density is by being affected maximum, magnetic field both remaining Intensity is taken second place, and temperature is minimum;There is certain functional relationship in this three elements, when superconduction combines and material one timing, magnetic flux density Approximate with the relation of magnetic field intensity see linear, the relation between electric current and electric current density is linear, in order to protect with electric sampling Hold consistent, in the method, represent superconductivity using superconducting temperature t, superconduction magnetic flux density b and supercurrent i;According to superconduction Magnet or the physical characteristics of superconduction equipment, exist really according between superconducting temperature t, superconduction magnetic flux density b and supercurrent i three Fixed physical relation, according to its mathematical model, sets up functional relationship, and the non-linear partial of this functional relationship is carried out at linearisation Reason, retains its single order local derviation part, casts out second order above local derviation part, ultimately form superconductivity dynamic model as follows:
b c ′ t c ′ i c ′ = b c t c i c + 1 &partiald; b t &partiald; t t &partiald; b t &partiald; i t &partiald; t t &partiald; b t 1 &partiald; t t &partiald; i t &partiald; i t &partiald; b t &partiald; i t &partiald; t t 1 δb t δt t δi t
Wherein, bt、ttAnd itFor the superconduction magnetic flux density of t, superconducting temperature and supercurrent, △ bt=bt-bt-1、△ tt=tt-tt-1With △ it=it-it-1;B' is calculated according to above-mentioned superconductivity dynamic modelc、t'cAnd i'cAfterwards, update bc= b'c, tc=t'c, ic=i'c
(32) judge bt≥bc、tt≥tcOr it≥icWhether set up, if one of above establishment, judge superconducting magnet Or superconduction equipment quenches;
(4) the closed loop control method based on temperature variation, specifically includes following steps:
(41) when structure and material one timing of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, when normally running, the consumption of energy is main Show as the rising of temperature, the holding of low temperature mainly passes through constantly to inject in cooled cryostat cryogenic liquid;This method is first When first setting up superconducting magnet or the normal operation of superconduction equipment, the functional relationship of superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v is: v=a0+ a1t+a2t2
(42) superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment is utilized normally to run the sample list of lower superconducting temperature t and the cold of corresponding moment But the sample sequence of flow velocity v, using three groups of nearest data above dynamic identifying parameter a0、a1And a2
(43) according to parameter a picking out0、a1And a2, up-to-date superconducting temperature t is brought into function v=a0+a1t+a2t2, It is calculated corresponding cooling liquid speed v, using calculated cooling liquid speed v as control targe, cooling liquid speed is entered Row regulation and control;
(5) in based superconductive phase transformation specific heat mutation method for early warning, specifically include following steps:
(51) calculate power supply be transported to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment in energy q:
Q=pt× △ t=ut×it×△t
Wherein, ptFor the real-time output of power supply of t, utSuperconduction voltage for t and i are superconducting of t Stream, △ t is the time constant of temperature sensor, that is, temperature sensor effectively double on send superconducting temperature time between Every;
(52) calculate flow mass m within the △ t time for the coolantl:
mll×v×△t
Wherein, ρlFor coolant density, v is cooling liquid speed;
(53) calculating superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment and coolant temperature change need energy and q':
Q'=csms△t+clml△t
Wherein, csFor the specific heat of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, msFor the quality of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, △ t= tt-tt-1For the rate of change of temperature, clSpecific heat for coolant;
(54) be based on law of conservation of energy q=q', calculating to cs
(55) observe csWhether undergo mutation, in the event of being mutated, that is, quench generation, be given and quench anticipation information, otherwise Continue monitoring.
Preferably, in described step (42), using the normal sampling running lower superconducting temperature t of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment The sample sequence of the cooling liquid speed v in list and corresponding moment, is dynamically distinguished using eight groups of nearest data, using method of least square Know parameter a0、a1And a2.
Beneficial effect: what the present invention provided is applied to superconducting magnet or the pre- police of comprehensive monitor in real time of superconduction equipment Method, the sign of superconductivity, superconduction are quenched the physical essence of the phenomenon in phase transition process and mathematical model, control and prediction skill Art etc. organically combines, and can effectively monitor superconducting magnet or superconduction is equipped operating state and provided corresponding state And early warning information it is ensured that superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment continuous service control method;Concrete advantage is as follows:
1st, in the present invention the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive Forecasting Methodology, from the nonlinear model of the three elements of superconductivity Type sets out, the dynamic model being drawn by linearization process, the reality of the dynamic three elements being obtained based on this model and monitoring system When sampling compare, whether anticipation quenches, and provides the nargin apart from dynamic critical point simultaneously;
2nd, the closed loop control method based on temperature variation, the temperature of real time execution and the relation of coolant directly pass through letter Number relation represents, and according to the up-to-date secondary sampled value of n (n >=3), the dynamically coefficient in identification function;This process simplify super Lead the relation of the complicated preservation of energy between the staple temperature of operation and the flow velocity keeping its coolant, maintain the two Between substantivity and effectiveness, improve the efficiency of control;
3rd, in based superconductive phase transformation in the present invention specific heat mutation method for early warning, real-time sampling the electric parameters that process and super The basic physical principle leading specific heat mutation in phase transition process combines, and based on law of conservation of energy, dynamically monitors super in real time Lead the change of material specific heat;The method quenches the change of before and after's specific heat using superconduction, directly effectively judges the fortune to superconductor Row carry out monitor in real time, improve superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment stability and safety.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the composition figure of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the method for early warning flowchart of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive;
Fig. 3 is the flowchart of the closed loop control method of based superconductive running temperature variable quantity;
Fig. 4 is the flowchart of the method for early warning of specific heat mutation in based superconductive phase transformation.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described.
The premise of monitor in real time early warning realizing superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment is it is necessary to from Superconductor Physics principle and its mathematics Model sets out, and studies superconduction microstructure and macroscopic appearance.Superconduction is designed into parameter and can be divided into electric parameters (as voltage, electric current, work( Rate and magnetic induction etc.) and non-electric quantity (as temperature, pressure, refrigerant flow velocity, specific heat capacity etc.).Wherein, non-electrical There is an obvious Time Delay in amount sampling.At present, the most directly, effective and quick way is exactly electric parameters method.Cause This, this method is handed over from the sampling quantity of electric parameters, the energy according to superconductivity, superconduction phase transition process and superconduction low temperature environment Principle and its mathematical model such as change, design a kind of pre- police of comprehensive monitor in real time being applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment Method (as shown in Figure 1), is divided into method for early warning, the closed loop controlling party based on temperature variation of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive Method for early warning three part of specific heat mutation in method and based superconductive phase transformation, carries out real time execution prison to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment Survey, control and quench anticipation.
It is illustrated in figure 1 a kind of comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning being applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, be divided into The method for early warning of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive, based in the closed loop control method and based superconductive phase transformation of temperature variation Method for early warning three part of specific heat mutation, carries out real time execution monitoring, controls and quenches anticipation to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment. Specifically include following steps:
(1) electric parameters when superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment being run and non-electric quantity are acquired, wherein electric parameters bag Include superconduction magnetic flux density b, superconduction voltage u and supercurrent i, non-electric quantity includes superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v;
(2) initialize superconduction flux density threshold bc, superconducting temperature marginal value tcWith supercurrent marginal value ic
(3) method for early warning of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive, specifically includes following steps:
(31) set up superconductivity dynamic model, the physical characteristics equipped according to superconducting magnet or superconduction, superconducting temperature t, There is the physical relation of determination between superconduction magnetic flux density b and supercurrent i three, according to its mathematical model, set up function and close System, carries out linearization process to the non-linear partial of this functional relationship, retains its single order local derviation part, cast out the above local derviation of second order Part, ultimately forms superconductivity dynamic model as follows:
b c ′ t c ′ i c ′ = b c t c i c + 1 &partiald; b t &partiald; t t &partiald; b t &partiald; i t &partiald; t t &partiald; b t 1 &partiald; t t &partiald; i t &partiald; i t &partiald; b t &partiald; i t &partiald; t t 1 δb t δt t δi t
Wherein, bt、ttAnd itFor the superconduction magnetic flux density of t, superconducting temperature and supercurrent, △ bt=bt-bt-1、△ tt=tt-tt-1With △ it=it-it-1;B' is calculated according to above-mentioned superconductivity dynamic modelc、t'cAnd i'cAfterwards, update bc= b'c, tc=t'c, ic=i'c
(32) judge bt≥bc、tt≥tcOr it≥icWhether set up, if one of above establishment, judge superconducting magnet Or superconduction equipment quenches;
(4) the closed loop control method based on temperature variation, specifically includes following steps:
(41) when structure and material one timing of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, when normally running, the consumption of energy is main Show as the rising of temperature, the holding of low temperature mainly passes through constantly to inject in cooled cryostat cryogenic liquid;This method is first When first setting up superconducting magnet or the normal operation of superconduction equipment, the functional relationship of superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v is: v=a0+ a1t+a2t2
(42) superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment is utilized normally to run the sample list of lower superconducting temperature t and the cold of corresponding moment But the sample sequence of flow velocity v, using nearest n (n >=3) group data and method of least square dynamic identifying parameter a0、a1And a2
(43) according to parameter a picking out0、a1And a2, up-to-date superconducting temperature t is brought into function v=a0+a1t+a2t2, It is calculated corresponding cooling liquid speed v, using calculated cooling liquid speed v as control targe, cooling liquid speed is entered Row regulation and control;
(5) in based superconductive phase transformation specific heat mutation method for early warning, specifically include following steps:
(51) calculate power supply be transported to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment in energy q:
Q=pt× △ t=ut×it×△t
Wherein, ptFor the real-time output of power supply of t, utSuperconduction voltage for t and i are superconducting of t Stream, △ t is the time constant of temperature sensor, that is, temperature sensor effectively double on send superconducting temperature time between Every;
(52) calculate flow mass m within the △ t time for the coolantl:
mll×v×△t
Wherein, ρlFor coolant density, v is cooling liquid speed;
(53) calculating superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment and coolant temperature change need energy and q':
Q'=csms△t+clml△t
Wherein, csFor the specific heat of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, msFor the quality of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, △ t= tt-tt-1For the rate of change of temperature, clSpecific heat for coolant;
(54) be based on law of conservation of energy q=q', calculating to cs
(55) observe csWhether undergo mutation, in the event of being mutated, that is, quench generation, be given and quench anticipation information, otherwise Continue monitoring.
This method in carrying out practically, equip under normal operating conditions, and superconductivity etc. is passed through by superconducting magnet or superconduction Superconduction is delivered on the sensor of corresponding temperature, magnetic field and electric parameters run in monitor supervision platform, data is passed through by monitor supervision platform Dfft process, obtains corresponding measured value, is respectively fed to superconductivity dynamic model, the closed loop control based on temperature variation What in method processed and based superconductive phase transformation, specific heat was mutated quenches method for early warning, and data is further processed.Wherein, dynamically surpass Electric conductivity model will be given, the dynamically electrical index that superconduction runs;Given based on the closed loop control method of temperature variation Go out the flow velocity adjusting current coolant;In based superconductive phase transformation specific heat mutation quench method for early warning to whether quench make pre- Sentence.
The method of this method publicity is that physical features, the macroscopic appearance quenching phase transformation and the superconducting coil of based superconductor are special Property etc. comprehensive form, each parameter being built upon superconductivity is correctly sampled on basis, and real by software approach approach Existing, there is the advantages of motility is strong, and stability is by force and sensitivity is high.
In the monitor in real time early warning system of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, the algorithm to superconduction monitoring is substantially blank, Existing method mostly is the measurement of electric parameters and non-electric quantity and shows.Superconductivity dynamic model in this method, surpasses Lead the most direct kinematic function relation of operating temperature and coolant, the pre- police of specific heat mutation in based superconductive phase transformation Method etc. is all to propose first.And this method is by superconductivity dynamic model, the mutation of superconductor specific heat during quenching, letter The direct kinematic function relation of the temperature and flow velocity of changing preservation of energy organically combines, and forms a comprehensive superconducting magnetic The method of the monitor in real time early warning of body or superconduction equipment.
The above be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of be applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning it is characterised in that: be divided into base Compare in method for early warning in superconductivity dynamic model, the closed loop control method based on temperature variation and based superconductive phase transformation Method for early warning three part of heat mutation, carries out real time execution monitoring, controls and quench anticipation to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, tool Body comprises the steps:
(1) electric parameters when superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment being run and non-electric quantity are acquired, and wherein electric parameters include surpassing Magnetic conduction flux density b, superconduction voltage u and supercurrent i, non-electric quantity includes superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v;
(2) initialize superconduction flux density threshold bc, superconducting temperature marginal value tcWith supercurrent marginal value ic
(3) method for early warning of the electrical dynamic model of based superconductive, specifically includes following steps:
(31) set up superconductivity dynamic model, according to the physical characteristics of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, superconducting temperature t, superconduction There is the physical relation of determination between magnetic flux density b and supercurrent i three, according to its mathematical model, set up functional relationship, right The non-linear partial of this functional relationship carries out linearization process, retains its single order local derviation part, casts out second order above local derviation part, Ultimately form superconductivity dynamic model as follows:
b c ′ t c ′ i c ′ = b c t c i c + 1 ∂ b t ∂ t t ∂ b t ∂ i t ∂ t t ∂ b t 1 ∂ t t ∂ i t ∂ i t ∂ b t ∂ i t ∂ t t 1 δb t δt t δi t
Wherein, bt、ttAnd itFor the superconduction magnetic flux density of t, superconducting temperature and supercurrent, δ bt=bt-bt-1、δtt= tt-tt-1With δ it=it-it-1;B' is calculated according to above-mentioned superconductivity dynamic modelc、tc' and i'cAfterwards, update bc=b'c, tc=tc', ic=i'c
(32) judge bt≥bc、tt≥tcOr it≥icWhether set up, if one of above establishment, judge superconducting magnet or super Lead equipment to quench;
(4) the closed loop control method based on temperature variation, specifically includes following steps:
(41), when setting up superconducting magnet or the normal operation of superconduction equipment, the functional relationship of superconducting temperature t and cooling liquid speed v is: v =a0+a1t+a2t2
(42) superconducting magnet or the normal sample list running lower superconducting temperature t of superconduction equipment and the coolant in corresponding moment are utilized The sample sequence of flow velocity v, using three groups of nearest data above dynamic identifying parameter a0、a1And a2
(43) according to parameter a picking out0、a1And a2, up-to-date superconducting temperature t is brought into function v=a0+a1t+a2t2, calculate To corresponding cooling liquid speed v, using calculated cooling liquid speed v as control targe, cooling liquid speed is regulated and controled;
(5) in based superconductive phase transformation specific heat mutation method for early warning, specifically include following steps:
(51) calculate power supply be transported to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment in energy q:
Q=pt× δ t=ut×it×δt
Wherein, ptFor the real-time output of power supply of t, utFor the superconduction voltage of t, itFor the supercurrent of t, δ t is the time constant of temperature sensor, that is, temperature sensor effectively double on send the time interval of superconducting temperature;
(52) calculate flow mass m within the δ t time for the coolantl:
mll×v×δt
Wherein, ρlFor coolant density, v is cooling liquid speed;
(53) calculating superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment and coolant temperature change need energy and q':
Q'=csmsδt+clmlδt
Wherein, csFor the specific heat of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, msFor the quality of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment, δ t=tt-tt-1 For the rate of change of temperature, clSpecific heat for coolant;
(54) be based on law of conservation of energy q=q', calculating to cs
(55) observe csWhether undergo mutation, in the event of being mutated, that is, quench generation, be given and quench anticipation information, otherwise continue prison Survey.
2. the comprehensive monitor in real time method for early warning being applied to superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment according to claim 1, its Be characterised by: in described step (42), using the normal sample list running lower superconducting temperature t of superconducting magnet or superconduction equipment and The sample sequence of the cooling liquid speed v in corresponding moment, using eight groups of nearest data, adopts method of least square dynamic identifying parameter a0、a1And a2.
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