CN104181230A - Composite material plate structure damage monitoring method - Google Patents
Composite material plate structure damage monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104181230A CN104181230A CN201410158828.XA CN201410158828A CN104181230A CN 104181230 A CN104181230 A CN 104181230A CN 201410158828 A CN201410158828 A CN 201410158828A CN 104181230 A CN104181230 A CN 104181230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material plate structure damage monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material plate structure damage monitoring. The method is designed for solving the problems of low efficiency, low precision, and no simultaneous identification of many damages of present methods. The composite material plate structure damage monitoring method is a damage monitoring method based on a piezoelectric element and a Lamb wave. The method comprises the following steps: predetermining the damage position of a composite material plate structure to be monitored by using a damage factor technology, and imaging the area which is predetermined to be damaged in order to determine the accurate position of the damage. The composite material plate structure damage monitoring method can save a lot of monitoring time, improves the monitoring efficiency, can realize multi-damage positioning, and enhances the determination accuracy of the number and the position of the damages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure.
Background technology
Composite panel is because its specific strength is high, specific stiffness is large, anti-fatigue performance is good and material property such as can design at advantage widespread use in the engineering fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile.But the pulling strengrth of lower interlaminar shear strength and vertical plane direction makes, in composite panel, delamination easily occurs and damages.Delamination meeting significantly declines compression strenght and rigidity, causes load-bearing capacity to reduce.
In order the various damages in composite panel to be identified, to be located with the predict life-span, carrying out structural maintenance, use traditionally knock, the method such as ultrasonic, X ray, current vortex ray, potential measurement and stress field has the real time on-line monitoring that is difficult to accomplish under Service Environment, testing staff's professional standing and experience is required to the problems such as high.Based on imbed or stick on surperficial piezoelectric element Active Lamb Wave method have responsive to little damage and can be in real time, the advantage such as on-line monitoring.
The existing plate structure damage monitoring method based on piezoelectric element and Lamb ripple is to extract ripple to reach the time and damage location, easily be subject to the impact of neighbourhood noise, Acquisition Error, labyrinth form (such as hole or reinforcement) and material properties etc., cannot accurately extract the time of arrival of damage scattering wave bag.And due to the impact of edge reflection, when damage occurs near boundary position, edge reflection signal cannot extract scattering wave bag time of arrival with the aliasing of damage reflected signal.In addition, existing damage monitoring method and formation method shorter mention are identified and location time a plurality of damages, and the calculated for pixel values of each point of whole monitored area has seriously reduced the efficiency of damage monitoring.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to propose the damage monitoring method of the compound substance plate structure that a kind of efficiency is higher.
Another object of the present invention is that proposition is a kind of to damaging the quantity judgement damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure more accurately.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of damage monitoring method that damages the more accurate compound substance plate structure in location.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure, described method is the damage monitoring method based on piezoelectric element and Lamb ripple, described method is used damage factor method composite panel structure to be monitored to be carried out to the pre-judgement of damage position, and imaging is carried out to determine the accurate location of damage in the region that then anticipation is had to a damage.
Particularly, the pre-judgement of composite panel structure to be monitored being carried out to damage position comprises the steps:
Step S1, collection are also stored the healthy Lamb ripple signal H (t) of compound substance plate structure to be monitored;
Step S2, will in compound substance plate structure to be monitored, be divided into N subregion Q to be monitored, N is more than or equal to 1 positive integer; I assignment is 1;
The monitoring Lamb ripple signal D (t) of step S3, Real-time Collection compound substance plate structure to be monitored;
Step S4, use damage factor method judge in i sub regions Qi whether have damage, and not damaged goes to step S5; There is damage to record i sub regions Qi for containing damage subregion Qs, go to step S5;
Step S5, judge whether i is more than or equal to N, is to go to step S6; Otherwise i assignment is i+1, goes to step S4;
Step S6, judging whether each damage containing in damage subregion Qs is positioned on the border in region successively, is to judge whether it forms fusant region with adjacent subarea territory; Otherwise be judged to be independent subregion;
Step S7, end.
Particularly, in step S6, judge containing damaging the method that subregion Qs is fusant region or independent subregion and comprise the steps:
Step S61, comparison contain the position that in damage subregion Qs, through wave band damage factor maximal value occurs, when described maximal value Max-Qs appears at excitation/sensing passage of diagonal angle D, judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65; When described maximal value Max-Qs appears at the excitation/sensing passage of boundary B, go to step S62;
Step S62, judgement occur whether the boundary B of described maximal value Max-Qs is the border of compound substance plate structure to be monitored, are to judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65; Otherwise go to step S63;
Step S63, check with the described subregion Qx that has common described boundary B containing damage subregion Qs in whether contain damage, be to go to step S64; Otherwise judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65;
In step S64, judgement subregion Qx, whether through wave band damage factor maximal value Max-Qx appears at the common boundary place containing damage subregion Qs and subregion Qx, is to judge that containing damaging subregion Qs and subregion Qx be fusant region; Otherwise judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65;
Step S65, end.
Particularly, include the fusant region of damage and include damage independent subregion quantity and for the structural damage of composite panel to be monitored total.
Particularly, in step S4, set the threshold value Y that judges damage, when damage factor numerical value >=threshold value Y, judge in i sub regions Qi and have damage; When damage factor numerical value < threshold value Y, judge not damaged in i sub regions Qi.
Particularly, described damage factor numerical value is whole damage factor average of the through wave band of excitation/sensing passage in every sub regions.
Imaging is carried out in the region that while particularly, using difference, cumulative fusion of imaging method has damage to anticipation.
Particularly, the region that anticipation is had to a damage carries out using method of weighted mean to determine the accurate location of damage after imaging.
The damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure of the present invention is that imaging is carried out to determine the accurate location of damage in the region that anticipation is had to a damage, with respect to the method for direct imaging, can save a large amount of time, has improved efficiency and accuracy.For the borderline damage that occurs in region, do further judgement, judge that whether it form fusant region with adjacent subarea territory, the judgement that makes to damage quantity is more accurate.The region that anticipation is had to damage carries out using method of weighted mean to determine the accurate location of damage after imaging, has eliminated interference and the interference of velocity of propagation anisotropy to location each other of poly-injury scattered signal, and accuracy is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the damage monitoring method that the preferred embodiment of the present invention one provides is implemented view;
Fig. 2 is excitation/sensing passage schematic diagram in the preferred embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 3 is the pre-decision flow chart of damage position that the preferred embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 4 is the preferred embodiment of the present invention one waveform input signal figure;
Fig. 5 is the oscillogram of the health signal of preferred embodiment of the present invention pair of horns passage;
Fig. 6 is the oscillogram to the monitor signal of corner channel shown in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the oscillogram of the difference signal that obtains after health signal normalization shown in monitor signal shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is the signal wave bag schematic diagram of difference signal shown in Fig. 7;
The schematic diagram of cumulative fusion of imaging method when Fig. 9 is the preferred embodiment of the present invention one poor;
Figure 10 is the imaging results schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention one;
Figure 11 is damage position and the actual damage position versus schematic diagram of judging according to imaging results shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 is the imaging results schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention two;
Figure 13 is damage position and the actual damage position versus schematic diagram of judging according to imaging results shown in Figure 12.
In figure, be labeled as:
1, the first subregion; 2, the second subregion; 3, the 3rd subregion; 4, the 4th subregion; 11, monitoring device table top; 12, composite panel; 13, piezoelectric element.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention.
Preferred embodiment one:
This preferred embodiment provides a kind of damage monitoring method of the compound substance plate structure based on piezoelectric element and Lamb ripple.The method is used damage factor method composite panel structure to be monitored to be carried out to the pre-judgement of damage position, and imaging is carried out to determine the accurate location of damage in the region that then anticipation is had to a damage.
Because without imaging is carried out in not damaged region, saved a large amount of monitoring times, efficiency is higher, accuracy is higher.
As shown in Figure 1, the method is that composite panel to be monitored 12 is fixed on monitoring device table top 11, fixes a plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 on composite panel 12.Piezoelectric element 13 can be arranged in various shapes, preferred, by four piezoelectric elements 13, surrounds rectangular area.In larger, the to be monitored area of composite panel 12 areas, damage when more, can surround a plurality of subregions with a plurality of piezoelectric elements 13.In this preferred embodiment, using nine piezoelectric elements 13 to mark off territory, four rectangular sub-regions to be monitored, is respectively the first subregion 1, the second subregion 2, the 3rd subregion 3 and the 4th subregion 4.
As shown in Figure 2, in every sub regions, four piezoelectric element 13 combination of two form six excitation/sensing passages, concrete, comprise four edges circle B excitation/sensing passage and two diagonal angle D excitation/sensing passages.Monitor signal is sent-is received by these six excitation/sensing passages, to judge the accurate location that has that it's too late of damage A.
As shown in Figure 3, the pre-judgement of composite panel structure to be monitored being carried out to damage position comprises the steps:
Step S1, at the beginning of monitoring compound substance plate structure is dispatched from the factory or is come into operation, gather and store its healthy Lamb ripple signal H (t), for subsequent calculations damage factor and/or damage imaging.
Step S2, four subregion Q to be monitored will be divided in compound substance plate structure to be monitored; By i assignment, be 1.
The monitoring Lamb ripple signal D (t) of step S3, Real-time Collection compound substance plate structure to be monitored.Input signal is modulation five crest sinusoidal signals, and its waveform as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is respectively the signal envelope curve to the oscillogram of the difference signal obtaining after the oscillogram of the oscillogram of the health signal of corner channel, monitor signal, monitor signal and health signal normalization and difference signal in this subregion.
Step S4, use damage factor method judge in i sub regions Qi whether have damage A, and not damaged goes to step S5; There is damage A to record i sub regions Qi for containing damage subregion Qs, go to step S5.
Concrete, use following formula to calculate damage factor DI (H, D):
Wherein, t
1represent the initial time that direct wave arrives, t
2represent the end time that direct wave arrives, H (t) represents healthy Lamb ripple signal, and D (t) represents monitoring Lamb ripple signal.
While not damaging in damaging away from excitation/sensing passage or structure, monitor signal and health signal are basic identical, and the damage factor value calculating approaches 0; If when damage just in time occurs on excitation/sensing passage or near it, the damage factor value calculating can level off to 1.
According to this principle, set the threshold value Y that judges damage, for example Y=0.5.In every sub regions, during the damage factor average >=threshold value Y of the through wave bands of six excitation/sensing passages, judge in this subregion Qi and have damage; In every sub regions, during the damage factor average < threshold value Y of the through wave bands of six excitation/sensing passages, judge not damaged in this subregion Qi.
Step S5, judge whether i is more than or equal to 4, is to go to step S6; Otherwise i assignment is i+1, goes to step S4.
Step S6, judging whether each damage A containing in damage subregion Qs is positioned in the boundary B in region successively, is to judge whether it forms fusant region with adjacent subarea territory; Otherwise be judged to be independent subregion.
Concrete determination methods is:
Step S61, comparison, containing the position that in damage subregion Qs, through wave band damage factor maximal value occurs, when this maximal value Max-Qs appears at excitation/sensing passage of diagonal angle D, are judged and should, containing damage subregion Qs as independent subregion, be gone to step S65; When this maximal value Max-Qs appears at the excitation/sensing passage of boundary B, go to step S62.
Step S62, judgement occur whether the boundary B of maximal value Max-Qs is the border of compound substance plate structure to be monitored, are to judge that this,, containing damaging subregion Qs as independent subregion, goes to step S65; Otherwise go to step S63.
Step S63, checking in the subregion Qx that has common boundary B with this containing damage subregion Qs whether contain damage, is to go to step S64; Otherwise judge and should, containing damage subregion Qs as independent subregion, go to step S65.
In step S64, judgement subregion Qx, whether through wave band damage factor maximal value Max-Qx appears at the common boundary place containing damage subregion Qs and subregion Qx, is to judge that containing damaging subregion Qs and subregion Qx be fusant region; Otherwise judge and should, containing damage subregion Qs as independent subregion, go to step S65; Include the fusant region of damage and include damage independent subregion quantity and for the structural damage of composite panel to be monitored total.
Step S65, the method that to judge containing damage subregion Qs be fusant region or independent subregion finish.
Step S7, the pre-judgement that composite panel structure to be monitored is carried out to damage position finish.
After pre-judgement finishes, the region that anticipation is had to a damage is used the region that cumulative fusion of imaging method has damage to anticipation when poor to carry out imaging, and after imaging, uses method of weighted mean to determine the accurate location of damage.
Concrete steps are as follows:
The first step: the damage position of a plurality of hypothesis is set in each region to be imaged, calculates expectation t time of arrival that supposes the scattered Lamb waves signal of damage position in every health signal passage at each
ij(x, y).
As shown in Figure 9, picture point W is the damage position of hypothesis, and the coordinate of this point is (x, y).Lamb ripple damage scattered signal is (x from coordinate
i, y
i) piezoelectric element (exciting element) Pi through picture point W, arrive expectation t time of arrival of piezoelectric element (sensing element) Pj
ij(x, y) is:
Wherein, c is the group velocity that Lamb ripple is propagated, and by measuring, can obtain; t
offfor the pumping signal moment.
Second step: the envelope E of the ripple bag of the difference signal of calculating monitor signal and health signal
ij=env (H-D).Wherein, env is the envelope of asking for difference signal ripple bag, and this value can calculate.
T time of arrival that the envelope of the difference signal ripple bag on each excitation/sensing passage all calculates according to the first step
ijwhen (x, y) differs from, then the amplitude of the ripple bag envelope of the correspondence of the difference signal of the interior all passages of cumulative institute's subregion of monitoring when poor, obtain the imaging energy value E (x, y) of each locus:
During signal difference by many passages, superpose, can obtain the damage energy that merges in the distribution in monitored subregion space.The amplitude of scattered signal due in ripple bag envelope is larger, and energy is larger, and the possibility that representative damage occurs is herein higher, can judge accordingly the position of damage.
The 3rd step: repeat the first step and second step, treat all hypothesis damage positions in imaging region with the spacing of setting and calculate, obtain the energy value distribution situation of this monitoring subregion integral body.Can, by the different color of the corresponding one-tenth of whole energy values, be image intuitively, as shown in figure 10.In Figure 10, curve is divided into a plurality of different energy ranges by each sub regions, and the numeral in figure has indicated respectively the energy value within the scope of this.
Can be directly according to number and the position of imaging situation judgement damage, that is, the point that extracts energy value maximum is judged to be damage position.In view of poly-injury scattered signal exists the anisotropy of interference and velocity of propagation each other, location is existed and disturbed, damage position decision method is that imaging is weighted on average more accurately.
Selecting subregion self-energy value that damage occurs is greater than maximum energy value 70%(in this region and can sets as the case may be percent value) position, using its corresponding energy value as weights, its position is as variable, judges damage position P according to following formula:
Wherein, K is the number that energy value is greater than the point of maximum energy value 70%, E
ifor energy value is greater than the energy value of the point of maximum energy value 70%, P
ifor energy value is greater than the coordinate of the point of maximum energy value 70%.
As shown in figure 11, triangle represents the damage position of judging, cross (*) represents damage position.Judgement to the quantity of damage and position is all very accurate, and speed is also fast a lot of than prior art.
Preferred embodiment two:
This preferred embodiment provides a kind of damage monitoring method of the compound substance plate structure based on piezoelectric element and Lamb ripple.The method is used damage factor method composite panel structure to be monitored to be carried out to the pre-judgement of damage position, and imaging is carried out to determine the accurate location of damage in the region that then anticipation is had to a damage.
The concrete steps of the method are not limit, and only can realize the region that has a damage for anticipation and carry out imaging to determine the accurate location of damage; Selected damage factor and formation method be all not limited in preferred embodiment one to example, other damage factor and formation method also can; When the subregion that comprises damage is less, can not judge whether this subregion forms fusant region with adjacent subarea territory.
Figure 12 is the image of this preferred embodiment, and curve is divided into a plurality of different energy ranges by four sub regions, and the numeral in figure has indicated respectively the energy value within the scope of this.Figure 13 is the result of determination obtaining according to Figure 12, and triangle represents the damage position of judging, cross (*) represents damage position, and the quantity of damage and the judgement of position are all very accurate.
Claims (8)
1. the damage monitoring method of a compound substance plate structure, described method is the damage monitoring method based on piezoelectric element and Lamb ripple, it is characterized in that, described method is used damage factor method composite panel structure to be monitored to be carried out to the pre-judgement of damage position, and imaging is carried out to determine the accurate location of damage in the region that then anticipation is had to a damage.
2. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pre-judgement of composite panel structure to be monitored being carried out to damage position comprises the steps:
Step S1, collection are also stored the healthy Lamb ripple signal H (t) of compound substance plate structure to be monitored;
Step S2, will in compound substance plate structure to be monitored, be divided into N subregion Q to be monitored, N is more than or equal to 1 positive integer; I assignment is 1;
The monitoring Lamb ripple signal D (t) of step S3, Real-time Collection compound substance plate structure to be monitored;
Step S4, use damage factor method judge in i sub regions Qi whether have damage, and not damaged goes to step S5; There is damage to record i sub regions Qi for containing damage subregion Qs, go to step S5;
Step S5, judge whether i is more than or equal to N, is to go to step S6; Otherwise i assignment is i+1, goes to step S4;
Step S6, judging whether each damage containing in damage subregion Qs is positioned on the border in region successively, is to judge whether it forms fusant region with adjacent subarea territory; Otherwise be judged to be independent subregion;
Step S7, end.
3. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, judges containing damaging the method that subregion Qs is fusant region or independent subregion and comprise the steps: in step S6
Step S61, comparison contain the position that in damage subregion Qs, through wave band damage factor maximal value occurs, when described maximal value Max-Qs appears at excitation/sensing passage of diagonal angle D, judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65; When described maximal value Max-Qs appears at the excitation/sensing passage of boundary B, go to step S62;
Step S62, judgement occur whether the boundary B of described maximal value Max-Qs is the border of compound substance plate structure to be monitored, are to judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65; Otherwise go to step S63;
Step S63, check with the described subregion Qx that has common described boundary B containing damage subregion Qs in whether contain damage, be to go to step S64; Otherwise judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65;
In step S64, judgement subregion Qx, whether through wave band damage factor maximal value Max-Qx appears at the common boundary place containing damage subregion Qs and subregion Qx, is to judge that containing damaging subregion Qs and subregion Qx be fusant region; Otherwise judge that the described damage subregion Qs that contains, as independent subregion, goes to step S65;
Step S65, end.
4. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that, include the fusant region of damage and include damage independent subregion quantity and for the structural damage of composite panel to be monitored total.
5. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step S4, sets the threshold value Y that judges damage, when damage factor numerical value >=threshold value Y, judges in i sub regions Qi and has damage; When damage factor numerical value < threshold value Y, judge not damaged in i sub regions Qi.
6. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described damage factor numerical value is whole damage factor average of the through wave band of excitation/sensing passage in every sub regions.
7. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, imaging is carried out in the region that while using difference, cumulative fusion of imaging method has damage to anticipation.
8. the damage monitoring method of compound substance plate structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the region that anticipation is had to damage carries out using method of weighted mean to determine the accurate location of damage after imaging.
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