CN104181052A - Method for testing mechanical property of braze welding connector - Google Patents
Method for testing mechanical property of braze welding connector Download PDFInfo
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- CN104181052A CN104181052A CN201410351317.XA CN201410351317A CN104181052A CN 104181052 A CN104181052 A CN 104181052A CN 201410351317 A CN201410351317 A CN 201410351317A CN 104181052 A CN104181052 A CN 104181052A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing a mechanical property of a braze welding connector. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a T-shaped tensile sample; (2) preparing test equipment including an electronic universal testing machine, a clamp, a heating furnace, a temperature control system and a control system; (3) installing the T-shaped tensile sample; (4) testing the mechanical property of a T-shaped tensile sample connector in an environment of the room temperature; (5) testing the mechanical property of the T-shaped tensile sample connector in a high-temperature environment; (6) representing the mechanical property of the connector: integrating a load-displacement curve, dividing the area of a fractured surface to obtain fracture total energy, calculating interface fracture energy (refer to the specification) and a maximal load (refer to the specification) when in fracturing, wherein the interface fracture energy and the maximal load are main parameters representing the mechanical property of the tensile sample. The T-shaped connector sample conforming to the real structure stress situation is provided; the problem that the method for testing the mechanical property of the braze soldering plate-fin structure is in lack and the rest result is incorrect can be solved; the test method is simple, data can be automatically acquired, error in manual operation can be avoided, more efficiency in test can be achieved, and the test result is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plate fin structure soldering processes and manufacture mechanical technology field, be specifically related to a kind of sample design and method of testing of soldered fitting Mechanics Performance Testing.
Background technology
Stainless steel plate-fin heat interchanger has compact conformation, high, high temperature resistant, the etch-proof feature of heat exchange efficiency.At present, heat transfer technology is changing to densification, microminiaturization from maximizing, the heat interchanger of plate-fin structure, due to its high-efficiency compact, is more and more favored in integrated high temp system, is widely used in the fields such as powered by nuclear energy, oil, chemical industry, Aero-Space, metallurgy, traffic.In high temperature gas cooled reactor of new generation, plate-fin structure is the most feasible heat exchange unit form still not, and is directly determining the energy conversion efficiency of reactor.Along with the raising increasingly of service temperature and pressure, people have higher requirement to the reliability of plate fin structure life-span safety.
Plate fin structure is comprised of fin, dividing plate, strip of paper used for sealing and flow deflector, by the stacked formation passage of fin and dividing plate (sheet metal) interval, fin both sides form elementary cell with strip of paper used for sealing sealing, and wherein, plate wing and dividing plate all adopt high, high temperature resistant, the corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel of intensity.Owing to having, joint is smooth, post welding distortion is little in vacuum brazing, is suitable for accurate, the complicated member of welding, is the main encapsulation connected mode of fine-type stainless steel plate heat exchanger, that is: by preset BNi between dividing plate and fin, strip of paper used for sealing
2solder paillon foil, utilizes the wetting mother metal of liquid solder of high temperature melting, fill gap between dividing plate and fin, dividing plate and strip of paper used for sealing and with the counterdiffusion of mother metal phase, realize the connection of plate fin structure.But, vacuum brazing is because brazing layer area occupied ratio is large, and fin and dividing plate weld size are less, and surface microscopic topographic is complicated, welding technology influence factor is more, have many couplings, during welding, wlding and mother metal material structure performance difference are larger, and stress is concentrated obviously, therefore, under pressure-bearing military service operating mode, the T-shaped soldered fitting of fin and dividing plate can produce all kinds of defects, becomes the main inducing of plate fin structure high temperature failure.
At present, the research of plate wing soldered fitting is mainly concentrated on soldering processes, intensive analysis and joint form.Test about plate fin structure mechanical property also lacks respective standard, although can adopt the mechanical property of lap joint stretching test method research soldered fitting, what it was mainly tested is the shear resistance of joint.In actual condition, the main cause that plate wing braze-welded structure lost efficacy is that the effect of tearing of vertical face of weld tensile force causes, micro-crack first produces at weld edge, then to face of weld internal extended.In the lap joint tension test adopting at present, in the stress form of weld seam and actual condition, the stress form of plate wing braze-welded structure differs far away, the accurate mechanical property of characterization board fin structure soldered fitting, therefore, urgently design a kind of new modular connection sample and propose a kind of mechanic property test method for this sample, with accurate evaluation soldered fitting welding quality, for brazing sheet fin structure provides reference and guidance in design and the application of high-tech sector.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the problems referred to above, a kind of soldered fitting mechanic property test method is proposed, preparing on the basis of tensile sample, design corresponding fixture, application is with the electronic universal tester test macro survey record load-displacement curves of heating furnace, temperature control system and data acquisition system (DAS), and it is carried out to integration acquisition consumption gross energy, maximum load during using crack initiation and the interphase fracture energy of weld seam, as the mechanical property of major parameter sign tensile sample, have solved brazing sheet fin structure mechanic property test method shortcoming, the inaccurate problem of test result; The realistic structure stress situation of its sample design, method of testing is simple, and automatic data collection can be avoided the error of manual operation, and test result is accurate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical scheme.
A soldered fitting mechanic property test method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare T-shaped tensile sample
The mother metal of sheet material form is cut into the section bar that specification is 150mm * 160mm, then carry out 90 ° of bendings, by the L-type structural member of section bar 150mm minor face bending growth 105mm, short 45mm;
Aspect alignment by the L-type member described in two at minor face 45mm, centre is put into solder and by clamp, is carried out soldering, obtains the weldment of T-shaped structure;
Described weldment is cut into some T-shaped tensile samples: described T-shaped tensile sample comprises welding section, stretch section and bare terminal end three parts, wherein, welding section length is 30～45mm, and width is 10～20mm; Stretch section length is 60～80mm, and width is 10～20mm; Bare terminal end width is 25～30mm, and length is 30～50mm, and the pin hole diameter on bare terminal end is 6～8mm;
(2) setup test equipment
The testing apparatus adopting comprises: electronic universal tester, fixture, heating furnace, temperature control system and control system;
(3) T-shaped tensile sample is installed
1. one end (upper end) of T-shaped tensile sample step (1) being obtained is fixed on the fixture of electronic universal tester by described pin hole with the first fixing pin, with asbestos yarn, in the position of T-shaped tensile sample upper, middle and lower, respectively bind a thermopair, described thermopair is connected on temperature control system, again temperature control system is connected with control system, by control system, shows, record and control temperature-rise period;
The other end (lower end) of the T-shaped tensile sample 2. step (1) being obtained is fixed on the base of electronic universal tester by described pin hole with the second fixing pin;
(4) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample joint under test room temperature environment
1. unlocking electronic universal testing machine, starts to T-shaped tensile sample the loading that stretches by the first fixing pin by fixture, and loading speed is 0.5mm/min～3mm/min, preloads as 100N～200N;
2. control system starts to record the data of load, displacement;
(5) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample joint under test hot environment
1. shut heating furnace, in the gap of heating furnace and fixture, insert asbestos;
2. the temperature of heating furnace is warmed up to 200 ℃～700 ℃;
3. reach after the probe temperature that step (5) 2. sets, automatically kept the probe temperature of heating furnace by control system, the retention time is 10～20min;
4. insulation finishes rear unlocking electronic universal testing machine, and loading speed is 0.5～3mm/min, preloads as 100N～200N;
5. control system starts to record the data of load, displacement;
(6) characterize the mechanical property of joint
The load-displacement curves obtaining is carried out to matching, obtains following mathematical model:
；
In formula,
shift value when load reaches maximum in load-displacement curves;
By described mathematical model to displacement
carry out integration and obtain consuming gross energy, divided by cleaved facet area, obtain destroying the required fracture total energy of weld seam of unit area:
;
Described fracture total energy
comprise and destroy the required interphase fracture energy in weld interface
the dissipation energy consuming with plastic bending deformation
,
,
In formula,
can be calculated by following formula:
；
In formula,
yield stress for mother metal;
elastic modulus for mother metal;
for mother metal thickness;
for the avulsed length of contact bed before the crack surfaces generation new, can calculate by following formula:
；
In formula,
elastic modulus for weld material;
for throat depth; Due to
compare mother metal thickness
very little, negligible, above formula is reduced to:
;
Obtain thus the computing formula of interphase fracture energy:
；
Maximum load during crack initiation
and interphase fracture energy
it is the major parameter that characterizes the mechanical property of tensile sample.
Optionally, the described mother metal of step (1) is the metal material that comprises carbon steel, aluminium alloy, aldary, titanium alloy.
Further, the thickness of described mother metal is 0.5～2mm, for contrasting the impact of different plates thickness on test result.
Further, the described solder layer thickness of step (1) is 40～120 μ m, for contrasting the impact of different filler thickness on test result.
Further, the described electronic universal tester of step (2) is CMT5504 type electronic universal tester.
Further, the described thermopair of step (3) is arranged on T-shaped tensile sample the latter half near the position of middle weld seam, can reduce like this quantity of the thermopair moving with tensile sample.
The good effect of soldered fitting mechanic property test method of the present invention is:
(1) designed the T connector sample of realistic structure stress situation, for the Mechanics Performance Testing of plate fin structure soldered fitting provides sample standard.
(2) the whole test process of soldered fitting mechanic property test method is completed by the control system of electronic universal tester, and mechanical performance data gathers and record automatically, has avoided the error of manual operation, test more efficiently, more accurate; Maximum load in test result parameter can be observed from load-displacement curves intuitively, and result is simple and clear.
(3) solved brazing sheet fin structure mechanic property test method shortcoming, the inaccurate problem of test result, the load-displacement curves obtaining according to test, the calculating of utilization mathematical model and mechanical equation can obtain the interphase fracture energy of joint, reliable test result.
(4) the suitable scope of soldered fitting mechanic property test method Applicable temperature is wide, from actual condition, considers, mechanical property that can Measurement accuracy analysis brazing sheet fin structure under different metal and different temperatures.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of soldered fitting mechanic property test method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the T-shaped tensile sample of soldered fitting mechanic property test method employing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the testing apparatus of soldered fitting mechanic property test method employing of the present invention.
Label in figure is respectively:
1, welding section; 2, stretch section; 3, bare terminal end;
4, pin hole; 5, electronic universal tester; 6, fixture;
7, the first fixing pin; 8, T-shaped tensile sample; 9, heating furnace;
10, temperature control system; 11, control system; 12, base;
13, the second fixing pin.
Fig. 4 is the load-displacement curves figure of soldered fitting mechanic property test method embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below introduce the embodiment of soldered fitting mechanic property test method of the present invention, but be noted that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1.A soldered fitting mechanic property test method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare T-shaped tensile sample 8
Adopt the mother metal of the metal material that comprises carbon steel, aluminium alloy, aldary, titanium alloy that thickness is h=0.9mm, described mother metal is cut into the section bar that specification is long 150mm, wide 160mm, carry out 90 ° of bendings, by the L-type structural member of section bar 150mm minor face bending growth 105mm, short 45mm.
Aspect (back-to-back) alignment at minor face 45mm by the L-type structural member described in two again, places resistant to elevated temperatures nickel-based solder BNi therebetween
2, nickel-based solder BNi
2thickness be h
c=70 μ m; Then by clamp, carry out soldering, obtain the weldment of T-shaped structure.
In enforcement, find, described mother metal is when bending angle is greater than 90 °, and the compactedness of fitting between L-type structural member and solder in welding process can be affected, and causes postwelding solder to fill inhomogeneous, and the mechanical property of zones of different is inconsistent, affects welding quality.Therefore, test will be controlled at the bending angle of plate type stretching part in the scope of 90 ° ± 2 ° as far as possible, and the length of sheet material is unsuitable long, otherwise can increase the difficulty of bending, makes the steel plate out-of-flatness after bending, finally also can cause the inhomogeneous of solder filling.Therefore, the length on the long limit of weldment should be controlled at 150mm left and right.
Described weldment is cut into some T-shaped tensile sample 8(referring to Fig. 2).Described tensile sample 8 comprises welding section 1, stretch section 2 and bare terminal end 3 three parts, and wherein, welding section 1 length is 40mm, and width is 15mm; Stretch section 2 length are 70mm, and width is 15mm; Bare terminal end 3 width are 30mm, and length is 46mm, and pin hole 4 diameters on bare terminal end 3 are 8mm.
Wherein should be noted that described welding section 1 is unsuitable wide, too wide meeting causes weld seam discontinuity in drawing process, and larger fluctuation appears in load displacement curve.Described welding section 1 width is also unsuitable too narrow, and the load that too narrow meeting is born tensile sample 8 is too little, makes the error of test result larger.
(2) setup test equipment
The testing apparatus adopting comprises (referring to Fig. 3):
CMT5504 type electronic universal tester 5, fixture 6, heating furnace 9, temperature control system 10 and control system 11.
(3) T-shaped tensile sample 8 is installed
1. one end (upper end) of the T-shaped tensile sample 8 step (1) being obtained is fixed on the fixture 6 of CMT5504 type electronic universal tester 5 by described pin hole 4 use the first fixing pins 7, with asbestos yarn, on three positions of tensile sample 8 upper, middle and lower, respectively binds a thermopair.Attention: the thermopair of described centre should be arranged on T-shaped tensile sample 8 the latter halfs near the position of middle weld seam, can reduce like this quantity of the thermopair moving with T-shaped tensile sample 8.Described thermopair is connected on temperature control system 10, then temperature control system 10 is connected with control system 11, by control system 11, show, record and control temperature-rise period.
The other end (lower end) of the T-shaped tensile sample 8 2. step (1) being obtained is fixed on the base 12 of CMT5504 type electronic universal tester 5 by described pin hole 4 use the second fixing pins 13.
(4) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample 8 joints under test room temperature environment
1. open CMT5504 type electronic universal tester 5, by fixture 6, by 7 pairs of T-shaped tensile samples 8 of the first fixing pin, being started to stretch loads, and loading speed is 1mm/min, preloads as 100N.
2. control system 11 starts to record the data of load, displacement.
(5) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample 8 joints under test hot environment
1. shut heating furnace 9, in heating furnace 9 and the gap of fixture 6, insert asbestos.
2. the temperature of heating furnace 9 is warmed up to 450 ℃.
3. reach after the probe temperature that step (5) 2. sets, by control system 11, automatically keep the probe temperature of heating furnace 9, the retention time is 20min.
4. insulation finishes rear unlatching CMT5504 type electronic universal tester 5, and (started to stretch by 7 pairs of tensile samples 8 of the first fixing pin by fixture 6 and load) loading speed is 1mm/min, preloads as 100N.
5. control system starts to record the data of load, displacement.
(6) characterize the mechanical property of joint
After Mechanics Performance Testing, preserve test data, the load-displacement curves obtaining is carried out to integration, divided by the area of cracking face, obtain the fracture total energy in the destructive process of tensile sample 8
=49.5mJ/mm
2, by
calculate and interphase fracture energy
:
；
The yield stress of mother metal in formula
=134Mpa, the elastic modulus of mother metal
=161Gpa, mother metal thickness
=0.9mm, calculates
=25.9mJ/mm
2, by the load displacement curve recording, obtained
=1210N, interphase fracture energy
maximum load during with crack initiation
it is the major parameter that characterizes the mechanical property of tensile sample.
embodiment 2
A soldered fitting mechanic property test method, substance is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 difference is:
Under test room temperature environment, the loading speed of the mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample 8 joints is 2mm/min, preloads as 200N.
The load-displacement curves figure of embodiment 2 tests is referring to Fig. 4.
embodiment 3
A method of testing for soldered fitting mechanical property, substance is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3 with embodiment 1 difference is:
Adopt the austenitic stainless steel of thickness h=0.5mm; Nickel-based solder BNi
2thickness be h
c=40 μ m.
T-shaped tensile sample 8 welding section 1 length are 30mm, and width is 15mm; The length of stretch section 2 is 60mm, and width is 15mm; Bare terminal end 3 width are 25mm, and length is 30mm, and pin hole 4 diameters on bare terminal end 3 are 6mm.
The probe temperature of heating furnace 9 is 200 ℃; The retention time of probe temperature is 10min.
Loading speed is 3mm/min, preloads as 200N.
embodiment 4
A method of testing for soldered fitting mechanical property, substance is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4 with embodiment 1 difference is:
Adopt the austenitic stainless steel of thickness h=2mm; Nickel-based solder BNi
2thickness be h
c=120 μ m.
Tensile sample 8 welding section 1 length are 45mm, and width is 20mm; The length of stretch section 2 is 80mm, and width is 20mm; Bare terminal end 3 width are 30mm, and length is 50mm, and pin hole 4 diameters on bare terminal end 3 are 8mm.
The probe temperature of heating furnace 9 is 700 ℃; The retention time of probe temperature is 20min.
Loading speed is 0.5mm/min, preloads as 100N.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the inventive method; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a soldered fitting mechanic property test method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare T-shaped tensile sample
The mother metal of sheet material form is cut into the section bar that specification is 150mm * 160mm, carry out 90 ° of bendings, by the L-type structural member of section bar 150mm minor face bending growth 105mm, short 45mm;
Aspect alignment by the L-type member described in two at minor face 45mm, centre is put into solder and by clamp, is carried out soldering, obtains the weldment of T-shaped structure;
Described weldment is cut into some T-shaped tensile samples: described T-shaped tensile sample comprises welding section, stretch section and bare terminal end three parts, wherein, welding section length is 30～45mm; Stretch section length is 60～80mm, and width is 10～20mm; Bare terminal end width is 25～30mm, and length is 30～50mm, and the pin hole diameter on bare terminal end is 6～8mm;
(2) setup test equipment
The testing apparatus adopting comprises: electronic universal tester, fixture, heating furnace, temperature control system and control system;
(3) T-shaped tensile sample is installed
1. one end of T-shaped tensile sample step (1) being obtained is fixed on the fixture of electronic universal tester by described pin hole with the first fixing pin, with asbestos yarn, in the position of T-shaped tensile sample upper, middle and lower, respectively bind a thermopair, described thermopair is connected on temperature control system, again temperature control system is connected with control system, by control system, shows, record and control temperature-rise period;
The other end of the T-shaped tensile sample 2. step (1) being obtained is fixed on the base of electronic universal tester by described pin hole with the second fixing pin;
(4) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample joint under test room temperature environment
1. unlocking electronic universal testing machine, starts to T-shaped tensile sample the loading that stretches by the first fixing pin by fixture, and loading speed is 0.5mm/min～3mm/min, preloads as 100N～200N;
2. control system starts to record the data of load, displacement;
(5) mechanical property of T-shaped tensile sample joint under test hot environment
1. shut heating furnace, in the gap of heating furnace and fixture, insert asbestos;
2. the temperature of heating furnace is warmed up to 200 ℃～700 ℃;
3. reach after the probe temperature that step (5) 2. sets, automatically kept the probe temperature of heating furnace by control system, the retention time is 10～20min;
4. insulation finishes rear unlocking electronic universal testing machine, and loading speed is 0.5～3mm/min, preloads as 100N～200N;
5. control system starts to record the data of load, displacement;
(6) characterize the mechanical property of joint
The load-displacement curves obtaining is carried out to matching, obtains following mathematical model:
；
In formula,
shift value when load reaches maximum in load-displacement curves;
By described mathematical model to displacement
carry out integration and obtain consuming gross energy, divided by cleaved facet area, obtain destroying the required fracture total energy of weld seam of unit area:
;
Described fracture total energy
comprise and destroy the required interphase fracture energy in weld interface
the dissipation energy consuming with plastic bending deformation
,
,
In formula,
can be calculated by following formula:
；
In formula,
yield stress for mother metal;
elastic modulus for mother metal;
for mother metal thickness;
for the avulsed length of contact bed before the crack surfaces generation new, can calculate by following formula:
；
In formula,
elastic modulus for weld material;
for throat depth; Due to
compare mother metal thickness
very little, negligible, above formula is reduced to:
;
Obtain thus the computing formula of interphase fracture energy:
；
Maximum load during crack initiation
and interphase fracture energy
it is the major parameter that characterizes the mechanical property of tensile sample.
2. soldered fitting mechanic property test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described mother metal of step (1) is the metal material that comprises carbon steel, aluminium alloy, aldary, titanium alloy.
3. soldered fitting mechanic property test method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the thickness of described mother metal is 0.5～2mm.
4. soldered fitting mechanic property test method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the described solder layer thickness of step (1) is 40～120 μ m.
5. soldered fitting mechanic property test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described electronic universal tester of step (2) is CMT5504 type electronic universal tester.
6. soldered fitting mechanic property test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the thermopair of the centre that step (3) is described is arranged on tensile sample the latter half near the position of middle weld seam, can reduce like this quantity of the thermopair moving with tensile sample.
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