A kind of incineration treatment of garbage technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of garbage treating process, specifically, relate in particular to a kind of incineration treatment of garbage technique.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic high speed development, the house refuse in city is also along with increasing sharply, and these house refuses are gradually in contaminated environment.The common processing method of house refuse has landfill and burning, existing incinerating method is generally used on waste incineration and generating electricity, but rubbish produces multiple compounds at burning process, the flue gas that flue dust and heavy metal mix, its main component has: flue dust, flying dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, mercury, cadmium, lead and dioxin etc., if this flue gas directly discharges or discharges standard not up to standard, can directly endanger environment and human health, and the slag producing after burning also contains a large amount of heavy metal substances, conventional treatment of slag, transport it into landfill landfill or be fired into ceramic tile, but in slag, there is a large amount of heavy metals or non-ferrous metal, landfill can cause land pollution, be fired into ceramic tile and also can affect health, and mainly containing cement solidification, melting and solidification and chemical agent, the processing method of flying dust stablizes three kinds of methods, cement solidification technology is in economy and can operating aspect have obvious advantage, but the consumption of cement is high, cause firming body increase-volume rate high, along with passage of time,, to environment, there is long-term, potential threat in the stripping gradually of firming body part noxious material, melting and solidification technology is high to the volume reduction rate of residue, and solidification effect is good, but shortcoming is part noxious material, can evaporate, and must take vent gas treatment measure, so its system is more complicated, operating cost is high, the advantages such as it is simple that chemical agent stabilization technique has processing procedure, and equipment investment is few, but can produce high concentration inorganic salts waste water, need to further process.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problem, the invention provides the incineration treatment of garbage technique that a kind of denitration efficiency is high, effectively suppress dioxin slag synthetic, that produce can utilize again again, flyash curing landfill is safer, prevent secondary pollution.
Technical scheme of the present invention is such: a kind of incineration treatment of garbage technique, it is characterized in that, first, from garbage pool, extract for combustion-supporting air, this combustion-supporting air first enters in incinerator after air preheater, in incinerator, combustion-supporting air mixes with rubbish through burner high temperature burning, after high-temp combustion, produce flue gas and slag that many kinds of substance mixes, described flue gas rises through a plurality of injection apparatus on incinerator, described injection apparatus is connected with reducing agent storage tank by delivery pump, this injection apparatus sprays into reducing agent in incinerator, make the nitride in reducing agent and flue gas carry out reduction reaction, the nitrogen producing after reduction reaction and flue gas pass into the processing of lowering the temperature in hypothermic response tower, in described hypothermic response tower, throw in calcium hydroxide simultaneously, flue gas after cooling first enters again and in sack cleaner, carries out dust removal process after active carbon mixer, in dust removal process process, can precipitate flying dust, flue gas after dedusting is led in wet scrubber tower to be processed, described wet scrubber tower is connected with alkali lye storage tank, finally, flue gas after processing dehumidifies and carries out emission treatment again through smoke re-heater,
Described slag is first transported in brickmaking factory, in brickmaking factory, slag is sent in wet type sand shaker by belt conveyor, described belt conveyor top is provided with magnetic recording wire separator, can be by large part metal recovery, described wet type sand shaker is by the clinker of 100 millimeters of following sintering in slag, the hard material such as stone or concrete block is fully broken into thin slag, then these thin slags of fully smashing are sent in sawtooth pulsation jig, this sawtooth pulsation jig can make the heavy particulate matter of the metal in thin slag obtain abundant sedimentation, by tubes rows to shaking table, and the light grains material that there is no metal directly drains into slag laydown area on sawtooth pulsation jig top, the heavy particulate matter that is discharged to shaking table can further sieve out the heavy particle of metal on shaking table, light grains material and waste water, wherein, further sieving out the heavy particle of metal recycles, further the light grains material of screening is sent to slag laydown area, finally, slag in slag laydown area is transferred brickmaking,
Described fly ash carry enters in flying dust storage tank, this flying dust passes out to metering device from the outlet of flying dust storage tank and measures conveying, simultaneously, cement passes out to metering device from cement storage tank and measures conveying, organic matter passes out to metering device from organic matter storage tank and measures and be transported to liquid mixer, simultaneously, water is also from water storage tank is transported to liquid mixer, the mixture that organic matter and water are mixed into is sent to and in metering device, measures conveying, the flying dust transporting out from metering device, cement and above-mentioned mixture are all delivered into and in mixing roll, carry out mix and blend, after stirring, finished product is out sent to and is made landfill disposal.
Further, described reducing agent be in ammoniacal liquor and urea any one.
Further, the temperature in described incinerator is 850 ℃ ~ 1050 ℃, and oxygen concentration is 3% ~ 5%, and its flue gas is greater than 2 seconds at burning residing time in furnace.
Further, the flue-gas temperature in described hypothermic response tower is 220 ~ 260 ℃, and auxiliary agent injection apparatus is set on the exhaust pass of hypothermic response tower, and the time that flue gas stops in hypothermic response tower is less than 10 seconds.
Further, import department's flue-gas temperature of described sack cleaner is 220 ~ 230 ℃.
Further, the waste water that described shaking table further sieves out is sent to precipitation pond, and the water after process in precipitation pond enters circulating water pool, and this circulating water pool and wet type sand shaker are connected and are realized water resource and recycle by water pump.
Further, described organic matter is a kind of chelate polymer thing, after this chelate polymer thing mixes with water, obtains chelating agent, and wherein, in flying dust per ton, the ratio of water is 16% ~ 23%, and chelate polymer thing ratio is 1% ~ 2%.
Further, the ratio that described cement accounts in flying dust per ton is 17% ~ 20%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: for combustion-supporting air, first pass through air preheater, air after heating leads in kiln, can be used for drying rubbish, help burning, can also reduce combustion-supporting air impacts the temperature in incinerator, guaranteed the temperature range of denitration, improved denitration efficiency, reduced costs; Dust removal efficiency is high, and effectively removal heavy metal particle, reaches discharge standard, can effectively suppress dioxin and again synthesize and remove the sour gas in flue gas simultaneously; In slag treatment process, can better isolate non-ferrous metal and heavy metal substance in slag, thereby make slag have more value, can 100% be utilized, when meeting environmental requirement, the resource of " discarding " has also obtained utilizing to greatest extent, and these metallicses are recyclable, there is moisture in the thin slag that wet type sand shaker is pulverized, and shaking table further separated waste water is wherein recycled, waste water continues Recycling after processing in precipitation pond, realizes zero-emission; In flying dust processing procedure, by the ease of solubility metal reaction in chelating agent and flying dust, form stable complex compound, and then be fixed in flying dust and cement, thereby in reduction flying dust, harmful components separates out, finished product makes landfill disposal safer, and the method process is simple, the cement of use and chelating agent ratio can be processed a large amount of flying dusts less, reduce costs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is waste incineration flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is flyash curing process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is slag treatment flow chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, to further detailed description of the present invention, but the embodiment of the invention is not limited to this.
In waste incineration flow process as shown in Figure 1, first, from garbage pool, extract for combustion-supporting air, this combustion-supporting air first enters in incinerator after air preheater, in incinerator, its temperature is 850 ℃ ~ 1050 ℃, oxygen concentration is 3% ~ 5%, combustion-supporting air mixes with rubbish through burner high temperature burning, after high-temp combustion, produce flue gas and slag that many kinds of substance mixes, in this flue gas, contain a certain amount of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen chloride etc., its total amount is called NOx, described flue gas rises through a plurality of injection apparatus on incinerator, described injection apparatus is connected with reducing agent storage tank by delivery pump, this injection apparatus sprays into reducing agent in incinerator, this reducing agent can be ammoniacal liquor, make the NOx in ammoniacal liquor and flue gas carry out reduction reaction, its reaction principle equation is as follows:
4NH
3+4NO+O
2→4N
2+6H
2O;
4NH
3+2NO+2O
2→3N
2+6H
2O;
8NH
3+6NO
2→7N
2+12H
2O;
Because flue gas is greater than 2 seconds at burning residing time in furnace, under this condition, can effectively suppress the generation of dioxin simultaneously, the nitrogen producing after its reduction reaction and flue gas pass into the processing of lowering the temperature in hypothermic response tower, in described hypothermic response tower, throw in calcium hydroxide simultaneously, hydrogen chloride in can be effectively and in flue gas, and this flue gas is controlled its temperature at 220 ~ 260 ℃ in hypothermic response tower again, gas residence time was lower than 10 seconds, flue gas after cooling first passes through dioxin and the flue dust of active carbon mixer absorbed portion, and then enter and in sack cleaner, carry out dust removal process, the flue-gas temperature of the import department of this sack cleaner is 220 ~ 230 ℃, to prevent the again synthetic of dioxin, described sack cleaner adopts PTFE overlay film cloth bag, adsorbable a large amount of heavy metal and dust, the Dust Capacity of its absorption is 100g/ ㎡, in dust removal process process, can precipitate flying dust, flue gas after dedusting is led in wet scrubber tower, in this wet scrubber tower, be connected with alkali lye storage tank, alkali lye can effectively adsorb the pernicious gas in flue gas, further reduce dust content, the flue gas of handling at wet scrubber tower is through smoke re-heater, because the flue gas water content after processing in wet scrubber tower is more, can be by flue gas in smoke re-heater, reduce the humidity in flue gas, finally, flue gas after processing dehumidifies and carries out emission treatment again through smoke re-heater.
Below the heavy metal dust removal efficiency table of above-mentioned sack cleaner:
Heavy metal |
Deduster entrance |
Deduster outlet |
Removal efficiency (%) |
Mercury (Hg) |
0.04 |
0.008 |
80 |
Copper (Cu) |
22 |
0.064 |
99.7 |
Plumbous (Pb) |
44 |
0.064 |
99.8 |
Chromium (Cr) |
0.95 |
0.064 |
93.2 |
Zinc (Zn) |
44 |
0.032 |
99.9 |
Iron (Fe) |
18 |
0.23 |
98.7 |
Cadmium (Ge) |
0.55 |
0.032 |
94.1 |
Below the standard value of processing method and the contrast table of GB of flue gas of the present invention:
Sequence number |
Project |
Unit |
Numerical value implication |
GB18485 standard limited value |
Method standard limit value of the present invention |
1 |
Flue dust |
mg/m
3 |
Measure average |
80 |
30 |
2 |
Carbon monoxide |
mg/m
3 |
Little hourly value |
150 |
100 |
3 |
Nitrogen oxide |
mg/m
3 |
Little hourly value |
400 |
400 |
4 |
Sulfur dioxide |
mg/m
3 |
Little hourly value |
260 |
260 |
5 |
Hydrogen chloride |
mg/m
3 |
Annual average |
75 |
50 |
6 |
Mercury |
mg/m
3 |
Measure average |
0.2 |
0.2 |
7 |
Cadmium |
mg/m
3 |
Measure average |
0.1 |
0.1 |
8 |
Plumbous |
mg/m
3 |
Measure average |
1.6 |
1.6 |
9 |
Dioxin |
TEQ ng/m
3 |
Measure average |
1.0 |
Be less than 0.1 |
As shown in Figure 2, the flying dust of dedusting postprecipitation is delivered in flying dust storage tank, this flying dust passes out to metering device from the outlet of flying dust storage tank and measures conveying, simultaneously, cement passes out to metering device from cement storage tank and measures conveying, organic matter passes out to metering device from organic matter storage tank and measures and be transported to liquid mixer, water is also from water storage tank is transported to liquid mixer simultaneously, the mixture that organic matter and water are mixed into is sent to and in metering device, measures conveying, described organic matter is a kind of chelate polymer thing, the mixture of this chelate polymer thing and water obtains chelating agent, then, the flying dust transporting out from metering device, cement and above-mentioned mixture are all delivered into and in mixing roll, carry out mix and blend, in metering process, its optimal proportion is respectively: in flying dust per ton, cement proportion is 17% ~ 20%, water ratio is 16% ~ 23%, chelate polymer thing ratio is 1% ~ 2%, in mixing roll mixing process, ease of solubility metal in chelating agent and flying dust reacts, wherein the ease of solubility metal in flying dust includes Pb, Cd etc., these ease of solubility metals and chelating agent react and produce stability complex compound, and then be fixed in the mixture of flying dust and cement, thereby the separating out of harmful components in reduction flying dust, the finished product from mixing roll mixed processing is sent to and is made landfill disposal.
As shown in Figure 3, described slag is first transported in brickmaking factory, in brickmaking factory, slag is sent in wet type sand shaker by belt conveyor, described belt conveyor top is provided with magnetic recording wire separator, can be by large part metal recovery, described wet type sand shaker can be by the clinker of 100 millimeters of following sintering in slag, the hard material such as stone or concrete block is fully broken into thin slag, then, these thin slags of fully smashing are sent in sawtooth pulsation jig, this sawtooth pulsation jig can make the heavy particulate matter of the metal in thin slag obtain abundant sedimentation, by tubes rows to shaking table, and the slag that does not contain metal directly drains into slag laydown area on sawtooth pulsation jig top, the heavy particulate matter that is discharged to shaking table can further sieve out the heavy particle of metal on shaking table, light grains material and waste water, further the light grains material of screening is metal-free slag, these metal-free slags are sent to slag laydown area, the waste water further sieving out is sent to precipitation pond, water after process in precipitation pond enters circulating water pool, this circulating water pool is under the supply of make-up water, by water pump, be connected and realize water resource Recycling with wet type sand shaker, realize zero-emission, the heavy particle of metal further sieving out is recovered,
Finally, the slag that does not contain metal in slag laydown area is sent brickmaking factory to, can be used for following purposes:
1, can be transported to brickmaking machine, take these slags as main material, be aided with the building materials such as cement, can make the various fragments of brick such as standard brick, hollow stripping and slicing brick, many rounds brick and Footpath brick;
2, can be used as building-assisted material, be mainly used in road construction process, can substitute chad, rubble etc., there is the excavation that reduces massif, the advantages such as protection skin-grafting;
3, can be used for the auxiliary material of cement industry, in the sintering process of cement kiln, mix appropriate slag, can be used as the material modified of sintering cement, improve the quality of cement.