CN112594692A - Fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system and treatment method - Google Patents

Fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system and treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112594692A
CN112594692A CN202011473114.XA CN202011473114A CN112594692A CN 112594692 A CN112594692 A CN 112594692A CN 202011473114 A CN202011473114 A CN 202011473114A CN 112594692 A CN112594692 A CN 112594692A
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China
Prior art keywords
biogas
incinerator
melting furnace
fly ash
garbage
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Pending
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CN202011473114.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
牛艳青
王亨通
李帅飞
惠世恩
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN202011473114.XA priority Critical patent/CN112594692A/en
Publication of CN112594692A publication Critical patent/CN112594692A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements

Abstract

A fuel self-sufficient fly ash melting waste incineration harmless system and a treatment method thereof comprise a waste storage pit, wherein the output end of the waste storage pit is sequentially connected with an incinerator, an air preheater, a dust remover and a desulfurizing tower; the bottom of the garbage storage pit is provided with a methane outlet, the methane outlet is connected with a methane storage tank, the methane storage tank is respectively connected with the incinerator and the melting furnace through methane pipelines, a methane inlet of the melting furnace is positioned at the upper part of the melting furnace, a methane inlet of the incinerator is positioned at the upper part of a main combustion area of the garbage incinerator, and methane valves are arranged at the inlets. The invention solves the problems of high cost of the biogas treatment and the melting furnace, realizes the instant treatment of the waste incineration fly ash, and has low cost and stable operation of the melting furnace.

Description

Fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system and treatment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration and pollutant treatment, in particular to a fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten waste incineration harmless system and a treatment method.
Background
Domestic garbage yield increases year by year in China, and the current common garbage treatment mode is incineration. Fly ash is the inevitable product of waste incineration, accounting for approximately 3-5% of the amount of incinerated waste. The waste generates secondary pollutants of gas, solid and liquid in the incineration process. Gaseous pollutants include particulate pollutants, acid gases, heavy metals, dioxins and furans, which are highly toxic when incinerated insufficiently. After the particulate matter is captured by the dust collector, the particulate matter exists in the form of fly ash, most of volatile heavy metals and dioxin are adsorbed on incineration fly ash, and the waste incineration fly ash is classified as dangerous solid waste. How to realize the non-toxic treatment of the waste incineration fly ash is a very important and urgently needed problem.
In domestic household garbage incineration plants, garbage is stored in a garbage pit and fermented and cured for 3-7 days, so that the purposes of draining water in the garbage and improving the combustion heat value of the garbage are achieved, the addition of auxiliary fuel is reduced, and the operation cost of a garbage incineration system is reduced. A large amount of biogas can be generated in the process of fermenting and curing the garbage, and at present, the biogas disposal modes of most garbage incineration plants include the following three types: (1) biogas is directly burnt in air by adopting a torch burning mode, so that the cost of a waste incineration plant is increased, and meanwhile, serious energy waste is caused; (2) the methane is completely introduced into the incinerator, so that the steam quantity of the boiler can be effectively increased, the heating efficiency of a waste incineration system is improved, related devices such as a methane gas burner and the like need to be designed, and the temperature of the waste incinerator is influenced to a certain extent due to the large difference of the methane yield in different seasons; (3) the power generation by utilizing the generated methane can only be applied to large-scale waste incineration plants, the methane cannot provide enough fuel for the power generation boiler when the methane quantity is small, and meanwhile, the mode has large equipment installation and investment and complex system, and a certain amount of operators need to be arranged to ensure the normal operation of the power generation boiler.
The fly ash from incineration of household garbage is a kind of "dangerous waste which is not suitable for management and treatment by general method, but needs special attention" and the treatment method mainly includes landfill, chemical treatment and melting treatment. The high-temperature melting method is widely applied to the treatment of waste incineration fly ash, and has the obvious advantages that: (1) when the melting temperature reaches 1400 ℃, the fly ash is subjected to high-temperature melting treatment to obtain the slag with stable chemical properties and hard texture, the volume and the weight of the slag can be obviously reduced, and heavy metal elements contained in the fly ash can be solidified in the glassy slag, so that the pollution of heavy metals to the environment can be effectively prevented. Meanwhile, the slag can be used as raw materials such as roadbeds, building materials, ceramics and the like, so that reduction and harmlessness are realized, and resource utilization is also realized; (2) the components such as dioxin, furan and the like in the fly ash are decomposed at high temperature, and the decomposition rate reaches over 99 percent. The ash melting temperature is too high, so that a large amount of heat is needed in the operation process of the high-temperature melting furnace, the high-temperature melting furnace can be divided into a fuel source melting technology and an electric heat source melting technology according to different heat sources, but the temperature in the furnace needs to be heated to about 1400 ℃ no matter which melting technology is adopted, the heat in the furnace is difficult to effectively utilize in the melting process, so that a heat energy recovery device needs to be considered to recover the heat carried by the discharged high-temperature flue gas, and high energy consumption is an important factor for limiting the popularization of the melting and solidifying technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system and a treatment method, which solve the problems of high cost of biogas treatment and a melting furnace, realize the instant treatment of the fly ash from the garbage incineration and the low-cost stable operation of the melting furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fuel self-sufficient fly ash melting waste incineration innocent treatment system comprises a waste storage pit 1, wherein the output end of the waste storage pit 1 is sequentially connected with an incinerator 4, an air preheater 10, a dust remover 12 and a desulfurizing tower;
the bottom of the garbage storage pit 1 is provided with a methane outlet 2, the methane outlet 2 is connected with a methane storage tank 3, the methane storage tank 3 is respectively connected with an incinerator 4 and a melting furnace 9 through methane pipelines, a methane inlet 8 of the melting furnace is positioned at the upper part of the melting furnace 9, a methane inlet 5 of the incinerator is positioned at the upper part of a main combustion area of the garbage incinerator 4, and the inlets are provided with methane valves 6.
The lower part of the dust remover 12 is connected with the upper part of the melting furnace 9 through a fly ash conveying pipeline 11, the lower part of the melting furnace 9 is connected with the incinerator 4 through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline, and a flue gas nozzle is arranged at the main combustion area of the garbage incinerator 4.
The hot air outlet of the air preheater 10 is respectively connected with biogas pipelines at the inlets of the melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4, and a hot air valve 7 is arranged before mixing.
A fuel self-contained fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless treatment method comprises the following steps;
when the methane yield is small, methane valves 6 at the melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4 are adjusted to ensure that the methane quantity in the melting furnace 9 can improve enough heat for the melting harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash; meanwhile, the hot air in the air preheater 10 is mixed with the biogas and then enters the melting furnace 9 for combustion;
when the amount of the biogas is large, part of the biogas enters the melting furnace 9 for combustion, the smooth proceeding of the melting harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash in the melting furnace 9 is ensured, meanwhile, the rest biogas is mixed with the hot air in the air preheater 10 and then enters the incinerator 4 for combustion through a biogas inlet arranged in the incinerator 4, and the combustion area is near the main combustion area of the waste in the incinerator 4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the melting temperature (1400 ℃) of the waste incineration fly ash is too high, so that a large amount of heat is needed in the operation process of the melting furnace 9, a large amount of cost is needed to be invested for purchasing auxiliary fuel and the like, and high energy consumption and high cost are important factors for limiting the popularization of the melting and solidifying technology. The invention uses the marsh gas generated by the garbage curing fermentation as the heat source of the melting furnace 9, realizes the instant treatment of the garbage incineration fly ash, solves the problems of marsh gas treatment and overhigh cost of the melting furnace, and realizes the low-cost stable operation of the melting furnace 9. Meanwhile, the biogas inlets are arranged on the incinerator 4 and the melting furnace 9, so that the biogas amount entering the melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4 can be adjusted in real time according to the biogas yield, the combustion heat value of the incinerator 4 is improved while the stable operation of the melting furnace 9 is ensured, the generation of NOx in the garbage incineration process in the incinerator is reduced, an auxiliary heat source is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a garbage storage pit 1, a biogas outlet 2, a biogas storage tank 3, an incinerator 4, an incinerator biogas inlet 5, a biogas valve 6, a hot air valve 7, a melting furnace biogas inlet 8, a melting furnace 9, an air preheater 10, a fly ash conveying pipeline 11 and a dust remover 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the main structure of the device comprises a garbage storage pit 1, an incinerator 4, an air preheater 10, a dust remover 12, a desulfurizing tower and the like are sequentially connected behind the garbage storage pit 1, and a biogas outlet 2 is arranged at the bottom of the garbage storage pit 1 and is respectively connected with a melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4 through biogas pipelines. The domestic garbage is fermented and cured in the garbage storage pit 1 to generate a large amount of methane, the cured and drained garbage enters the incinerator 4 to be combusted, high-temperature flue gas after combustion sequentially enters the air preheater 10 and the dust remover 12, and fly ash in the flue gas is collected by the dust remover 12 and then enters the melting furnace 9 through the fly ash conveying pipeline 11. Meanwhile, a part of biogas in the garbage storage pit 1 is mixed with hot air from the air preheater 10 through a biogas pipeline and enters the melting furnace 9 for combustion, so that harmless treatment of the garbage incineration fly ash in the melting furnace 9 is realized.
A part of biogas generated by fermenting and curing the garbage enters the melting furnace 9 through a biogas outlet 2 at the bottom of the garbage storage pit 1 through a biogas pipeline for combustion, so that an enough heat source is provided for melting and curing the garbage incineration fly ash in the melting furnace 9, other heat sources (electric heat sources or auxiliary fuels) are reduced or not required, and the low operation cost of the melting furnace 9 is ensured while the harmless treatment of the garbage incineration fly ash is realized. Meanwhile, high-temperature flue gas in the melting furnace 9 enters the incinerator 4 through a flue gas pipeline, and a large amount of heat carried by the flue gas also enters the melting furnace 9, so that heat loss is reduced, and heat utilization efficiency is improved.
The marsh gas in the garbage storage pit 1 is respectively connected with the incinerator 4 and the melting furnace 9 through marsh gas pipelines, the marsh gas inlet 8 of the melting furnace is positioned at the upper part of the melting furnace 9, the marsh gas inlet 5 of the incinerator is positioned near the main burning area of garbage, and the inlet is provided with a marsh gas valve 6. Meanwhile, the hot air outlet of the air preheater 10 is respectively connected with the biogas pipelines of the biogas at the inlets of the melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4, and a hot air valve 7 is arranged before mixing.
The biogas output can change along with the garbage source and different seasons, when the biogas output is insufficient, the biogas is preferentially supplied to the melting furnace 9 for use, the biogas amount entering the incinerator 4 is reduced, and meanwhile, in order to improve the heat of entering the melting furnace 9, hot air in the air preheater 10 is premixed with the biogas and then enters the melting furnace 9 for combustion, so that the heat in the furnace is improved, and the smooth proceeding of melting and solidifying of the waste incineration fly ash is ensured. When the biogas yield is high, sufficient biogas is provided for the stable operation of the melting furnace 9, and simultaneously, the residual biogas and hot air are mixed and then used as auxiliary fuel to enter the incinerator 4 to be combusted near the main combustion area of the garbage, so that the combustion heat value of the fuel in the incinerator is improved, the problems of high water content, low heat value and the like of domestic garbage are solved, and the stable and efficient operation of the incinerator 4 is ensured.
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
(1) the fly ash generated by burning the garbage is immediately melted and solidified by using the marsh gas generated by curing the garbage as a heat source, extra fuel and heat source are not needed in the melting and solidifying process, the self-sufficiency of the fuel in the melting and solidifying process is realized, and the problem of overhigh energy consumption cost in the melting and solidifying process of the fly ash generated by burning the garbage is solved;
(2) optionally, if the biogas is excessive, the biogas is used as an auxiliary fuel to be introduced into the incinerator 4 for combustion to assist the incineration of the garbage, and is used as a reductive reburning fuel to reduce the generation of NOx in the incinerator;
(3) high-temperature flue gas generated by methane combustion in the melting furnace is sprayed back to the garbage incinerator, so that additional auxiliary fuel is reduced or not required to be purchased, and the problems of high water content, low heat value and the like of domestic garbage are solved; meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas of the melting furnace is sprayed back into the garbage incinerator, so that the heat recovery of the high-temperature flue gas can be realized, and the flue gas treatment investment of the melting furnace is saved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in order to adapt to the problems that the biogas yield can change along with the garbage source and different seasons, and the like, the biogas in the garbage storage pit 1 is respectively connected with the incinerator 4 and the melting furnace 9 through biogas pipelines, and biogas valves 6 are arranged at inlets. When the methane yield is small, the methane valves 6 at the melting furnace 9 and the incinerator 4 are adjusted to ensure that the methane quantity in the melting furnace 9 can improve enough heat for the melting harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash. Meanwhile, hot air in the air preheater 10 and the biogas are mixed and then enter the melting furnace 9 for combustion, so that the heat of entering the furnace is increased, and the stable and efficient operation of the melting furnace 9 is ensured. When the amount of the biogas is large, part of the biogas enters the melting furnace 9 for combustion, the smooth proceeding of the melting harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash in the melting furnace 9 is ensured, simultaneously, the rest biogas is mixed with the hot air in the air preheater 10 and then enters the incinerator 4 for combustion through the biogas inlet arranged in the incinerator 4, the combustion area is near the main combustion area of the garbage in the incinerator 4, the combustion heat value of the fuel in the incinerator is improved, the problems of high water content, low heat value and the like of domestic garbage are solved, and the stable and efficient operation of the incinerator is ensured.

Claims (4)

1. The fuel self-sufficient fly ash melting waste incineration harmless system is characterized by comprising a waste storage pit (1), wherein the output end of the waste storage pit (1) is sequentially connected with an incinerator (4), an air preheater (10), a dust remover (12) and a desulfurizing tower;
the garbage storage pit is characterized in that a biogas outlet (2) is formed in the bottom of the garbage storage pit (1), the biogas outlet 2 is connected with a biogas storage tank (3), the biogas storage tank (3) is respectively connected with an incinerator (4) and a melting furnace (9) through a biogas pipeline, a biogas inlet (8) of the melting furnace is located in the upper portion of the melting furnace (9), a biogas inlet (5) of the incinerator is located in the upper portion of a main combustion area of the garbage incinerator (4), and biogas valves (6) are arranged at inlets.
2. A self-contained fuel type fly ash melting waste incineration innocent system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower part of the dust collector (12) is connected with the upper part of the melting furnace (9) through a fly ash conveying pipe (11), the lower part of the melting furnace (9) is connected with the incinerator (4) through a high temperature flue gas pipe, and a flue gas nozzle is arranged at the main combustion area of the waste incinerator (4).
3. The self-contained fuel type fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system of claim 1, wherein the hot air outlet of the air preheater (10) is connected with the biogas pipeline of the biogas at the inlet of the melting furnace (9) and the incinerator (4), respectively, and a hot air valve (7) is arranged before mixing.
4. The method for treating the fly ash molten waste incineration harmless system with the self-contained fuel type according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps;
when the yield of the biogas is small, adjusting biogas valves (6) at the melting furnace (9) and the incinerator (4) to ensure that the biogas amount in the melting furnace (9) can improve enough heat for the melting harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash; meanwhile, hot air in the air preheater (10) is mixed with the biogas and then enters the melting furnace (9) for combustion;
when the amount of the biogas is large, part of the biogas enters the melting furnace (9) to be combusted, the smooth melting and harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash in the melting furnace (9) is ensured, meanwhile, the rest of the biogas is mixed with the hot air in the air preheater (10) and then enters the incinerator (4) to be combusted through a biogas inlet arranged in the incinerator (4), and the combustion area is near a main combustion area of the waste in the incinerator (4).
CN202011473114.XA 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Fuel self-sufficient fly ash molten garbage incineration harmless system and treatment method Pending CN112594692A (en)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001241622A (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-09-07 Hitachi Zosen Corp Waste supply method and facility in gasification melting facility
CN101564731A (en) * 2009-05-20 2009-10-28 河南科技大学 Innocent treatment device for waste incineration flying ash
CN102607033A (en) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-25 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Domestic garbage gasifying and melting incineration system and incineration method thereof
CN104180376A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-12-03 广东华信达节能环保有限公司 Waste incineration treatment process
CN106482110A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-03-08 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis and the system and method for anaerobic digestion coupling processing rubbish
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CN107152684A (en) * 2017-04-26 2017-09-12 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste incineration method
CN110513703A (en) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-29 西安交通大学 A kind of waste incineration and fusing fly ash solidify federated resource processing system
CN110594755A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-12-20 徐晓 Fly ash melting system for waste incineration plant based on pure oxygen combustion
CN210891667U (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-06-30 光大环保技术装备(常州)有限公司 Domestic waste burns marsh gas utilization equipment of power plant

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001241622A (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-09-07 Hitachi Zosen Corp Waste supply method and facility in gasification melting facility
CN101564731A (en) * 2009-05-20 2009-10-28 河南科技大学 Innocent treatment device for waste incineration flying ash
CN102607033A (en) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-25 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Domestic garbage gasifying and melting incineration system and incineration method thereof
CN104180376A (en) * 2014-07-18 2014-12-03 广东华信达节能环保有限公司 Waste incineration treatment process
CN106482110A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-03-08 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis and the system and method for anaerobic digestion coupling processing rubbish
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CN107152684A (en) * 2017-04-26 2017-09-12 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste incineration method
CN210891667U (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-06-30 光大环保技术装备(常州)有限公司 Domestic waste burns marsh gas utilization equipment of power plant
CN110594755A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-12-20 徐晓 Fly ash melting system for waste incineration plant based on pure oxygen combustion
CN110513703A (en) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-29 西安交通大学 A kind of waste incineration and fusing fly ash solidify federated resource processing system

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