CN104178224A - Gas distributor, gasifier and carbon-containing material gasification method - Google Patents
Gas distributor, gasifier and carbon-containing material gasification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104178224A CN104178224A CN201410386221.7A CN201410386221A CN104178224A CN 104178224 A CN104178224 A CN 104178224A CN 201410386221 A CN201410386221 A CN 201410386221A CN 104178224 A CN104178224 A CN 104178224A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas distributor, a gasifier and a carbon-containing material gasification method, and relates to the technical field of carbon-containing material gasification. The gas distributor comprises a conical distribution plate in the bottom of which a slag discharge hole is formed and at least one spray pipe arranged on the conical distribution plate in a penetrating manner, wherein a gasifying agent entering the space encircled by the conical distribution plate through each spray pipe forms vortex; and each spray pipe includes a central inner pipe and at least one outer pipe sleeving the central inner pipe, wherein an annular space is formed between the central inner pipe and the at least one outer pipe. When the gas distributor is used for a carbon-containing material gasification technology, the phenomena of a flowing dead zone formed in the gasifier, sintering and slagging of carbon-containing materials and the like can be relieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to carbonaceous material gasification technology field, relate in particular to a kind of gas distributor, vapourizing furnace and carbonaceous material gasification process.
Background technology
At present, coal is mainly to use by the mode of direct burning, but directly the mode of burning causes the utilization ratio of coal lower, also pollutes the environment simultaneously.For this reason, there is a kind of Coal Gasification Technology, converted granular coal to coal gas, to improve the utilization ratio of coal and to alleviate the pollution to environment.Coal Gasification Technology refers to: granular coal reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, generates coal gas; Particularly, gasification completes in vapourizing furnace, moves, and react generation coal gas with vaporized chemical generating gasification under the effect of the vaporized chemical of granular coal from bottom to top.
In Coal Gasification Technology, affecting one of key factor of gasification is vaporized chemical distribution situation, and therefore, the design of gas distributor that affects vaporized chemical distribution situation is just very important.In prior art, the gas distributor that vapourizing furnace uses is generally perforated-plate distributor, and perforated-plate distributor is divided into two kinds of dull and stereotyped sparger and conical distributors; Wherein, dull and stereotyped sparger leaks material and the mobile problem such as inhomogeneous of vaporized chemical, less application in actual production owing to existing; Therefore, at present conventional perforated-plate distributor is conical distributor, and conical distributor comprises conical distribution plate, is provided with some apertures on conical distribution plate, vaporized chemical enters in vapourizing furnace and reacts with granular coal generating gasification via each aperture, converts granular coal to coal gas.
For low-pressure gas technology, relatively low because of the pressure in vapourizing furnace, the vaporized chemical that makes to enter the furnace inner space that is positioned at conical distributor top can flow with higher gas speed, makes fully gasification reaction of granular coal; But, for mesohigh Coal Gasification Technology, because of the pressure in vapourizing furnace relatively large, the vaporized chemical compression that enters above-mentioned furnace inner space via each aperture is serious, cause the gas speed of the vaporized chemical that enters above-mentioned furnace inner space lower, poor fluidity, particularly participate in, in the process of gasification, easily in conical distributor, forming flow dead at the coal that has large-size particles shape; In addition, pressurization has improved the gasification intensity of vapourizing furnace, the treatment capacity that is granular coal increases, for the gasification reaction of granular coal and superheated vapour, heat requirement increases, and oxygen-consumption increases, but because the gas speed of the vaporized chemical in above-mentioned furnace inner space is low, poor fluidity, it is slow that granular coal and oxygen combustion liberated heat transmit, thereby cause occurring district of localized hyperthermia at above-mentioned furnace inner space, and then cause above-mentioned furnace inner space to occur the bad phenomenon such as granular coal sintering or slagging scorification.
In sum, in the time that vapourizing furnace adopts above-mentioned conical distributor to carry out gasification, easily in vapourizing furnace, form flow dead and occur the phenomenon such as sintering and slagging scorification.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas distributor, vapourizing furnace and carbonaceous material gasification process, can alleviate the interior phenomenons such as flow dead, carbonaceous material sintering and slagging scorification that form of vapourizing furnace.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of gas distributor, comprising: bottom is provided with the conical distribution plate of slag-drip opening, runs through at least one jet pipe being arranged on described conical distribution plate, and the vaporized chemical entering in the space that described conical distribution plate surrounds via each described jet pipe forms eddy current; Wherein, described jet pipe comprises: center inner tube, be sleeved at least one outer tube in the inner tube of described center, described center inner tube and and described at least one outer tube between be formed with annular space.
Preferably, described jet pipe comprises a described outer tube, and stretch out from the air outlet of described outer tube the air outlet of described center inner tube.
Preferably, the air outlet of described center inner tube stretch out the length of the air outlet of described outer tube be described center inner tube wall thickness 1.2-3 doubly.
Alternatively, described center inner tube is the consistent pipe of diameter; Described outer tube is the consistent pipe of diameter, or described outer tube is the adapter bonnet at the air outlet place of described outer tube variation in diameter.
Preferably, the inlet mouth diameter of described outer tube be this outer tube air outlet diameter 1-3 doubly.
Further, between described center inner tube and described outer tube, be provided with the strut member that for fixing described center inner tube, also can pass through for vaporized chemical.
Preferably, the axial line of described center inner tube overlaps with the axial line of described outer tube.
Preferably, described jet pipe quantity is multiple, and the axial line of the each described jet pipe respectively each point crossing with the inner surface of described conical distribution plate is positioned in same level.
Further, described jet pipe is at least divided into two groups, every group comprises several described jet pipes, the axial line of the each described jet pipe in the every group respectively each point crossing with the inner surface of described conical distribution plate is positioned in same level, and the eddying flow direction forming by the vaporized chemical of each group of jet pipe is respectively identical.
Preferably, between the axial line of each described jet pipe and horizontal plane, angle is 0 °-45 °;
The projection line of the axial line of each described jet pipe on horizontal plane, with, the point that the process axial line of this jet pipe and the inner surface of described conical distribution plate are crossing and the horizontal angle at described conical distribution Ban center are 20 °-80 °.
Preferably, described conical distribution plate is provided with multiple apertures, and the diameter of each described aperture is 0.5mm-5mm; The percentage of open area of described conical distribution plate is 0.1-1%.
Further, described gas distributor also comprises: the scum pipe being communicated with described slag-drip opening, and be communicated with the gas blow pipe for adjusting described scum pipe deslagging speed with described scum pipe.
The present invention also provides a kind of vapourizing furnace simultaneously, comprising: vapourizing furnace housing, and the feeding line being communicated with described vapourizing furnace housing respectively and the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and be arranged at the described gas distributor in described vapourizing furnace housing.
The present invention also provides a kind of carbonaceous material gasification process that uses described vapourizing furnace simultaneously, comprising:
By each described jet pipe in described vapourizing furnace and the furnace inner space that is positioned at described conical distribution plate top pass into vaporized chemical, the described vaporized chemical that enters described furnace inner space forms eddy current;
In described vapourizing furnace, add carbonaceous material from described feeding line, described carbonaceous material is with described eddying flow, and react with described vaporized chemical generating gasification, the inflammable gas of generation is discharged outside described vapourizing furnace housing by the described pipeline of giving vent to anger, and the waste residue of generation is discharged by described slag-drip opening.
Preferably, described jet pipe comprises a described outer tube, and described vaporized chemical comprises superheated vapour and oxygen;
Described center inner tube is passed through for the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, annular space between described outer tube and described center inner tube passes through for the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by described annular space is greater than by the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen of described center inner tube;
There is burning thermopositive reaction in part carbonaceous material and described oxygen, another part carbonaceous material reacts with described superheated vapour generating gasification under the katalysis of described catalyzer, the required heat of described gasification reaction is provided by described burning thermopositive reaction, and carbonaceous material is occurring to generate inflammable gas and waste residue after described burning thermopositive reaction and described gasification reaction.
Alternatively, the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen during by described center inner tube is 10m/s-100m/s, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen during by described annular space is 1-2 times of the gas speed of superheated vapour during by described center inner tube that contains oxygen.
Further, be 0-40mol% by the concentration of oxygen in the superheated vapour of described center inner tube.
In the time adopting gas distributor provided by the invention to carry out carbonaceous material gasification, vaporized chemical enters via each jet pipe the space that conical distribution plate surrounds, and form eddy current, carbonaceous material enters into after the eddy current that vaporized chemical forms, can follow vaporized chemical flows, meanwhile, carbonaceous material reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, generates inflammable gas and waste residue.
From technique scheme, in the time carrying out carbonaceous material gasification reaction, the vaporized chemical that enters the space that conical distribution plate surrounds by jet pipe forms eddy current, carbonaceous material is in the drive current downflow of vaporized chemical, thereby strengthen the less turbulence in the space that conical distribution plate surrounds, and then can prevent from forming flow dead; Also strengthen fluidisation and heat transfer simultaneously, thereby can also prevent from forming district of localized hyperthermia, and then can reduce carbonaceous material sintering, the appearance of slagging scorification phenomenon.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms a part of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
The gas distributor that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is installed on the assembling schematic diagram one in vapourizing furnace housing;
Fig. 2 is the front view of gas distributor in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of gas distributor in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation one of jet pipe in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation two of jet pipe in Fig. 1;
The gas distributor that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is installed on the assembling schematic diagram two in vapourizing furnace housing.
Reference numeral:
1-vapourizing furnace housing, 2-conical distribution plate,
3-jet pipe, 4-scum pipe,
5-air chamber, 6-aperture,
7-outer tube, 8-center inner tube,
9-annular space, 10-gas blow pipe,
11-horizontal plane.
Embodiment
The gas distributor, vapourizing furnace and the carbonaceous material gasification process that provide in order to further illustrate the embodiment of the present invention, be described in detail below in conjunction with Figure of description.
Embodiment mono-
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of gas distributor, comprise: bottom is provided with the conical distribution plate 2 of slag-drip opening, run through at least one jet pipe 3 being arranged on conical distribution plate 2, the vaporized chemical entering in the space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds via each jet pipe 3 forms eddy current; Wherein, each jet pipe 3 comprises: center inner tube 8, be sleeved at least one outer tube 7 in center inner tube 8, center inner tube 8 and and at least one outer tube 7 between be formed with annular space 9.
In the time adopting above-mentioned gas sparger to carry out carbonaceous material gasification, vaporized chemical enters the space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds and forms eddy current via each jet pipe 3, carbonaceous material enters into after the eddy current that vaporized chemical forms, can follow vaporized chemical flows, simultaneously, carbonaceous material reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, generates inflammable gas and waste residue.
In above-mentioned gas sparger, vaporized chemical enters by jet pipe 3 space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds, and forms eddy current, and carbonaceous material is in the drive current downflow of vaporized chemical, thereby strengthen the less turbulence in the space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds, and then can prevent from forming flow dead; Also strengthen fluidisation and heat transfer simultaneously, thereby can also reduce carbonaceous material sintering, the appearance of slagging scorification phenomenon.
In the above-described embodiments, carbonaceous material is specifically as follows the fossil oil of the carbon containings such as granular coal or coal tar, vaporized chemical is specifically as follows one or more in superheated vapour or carbonic acid gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, below for convenience, taking carbonaceous material as granular coal, vaporized chemical is described as superheated vapour as example.
When concrete enforcement, conical distribution plate 2 is the conical grid distributor of conical grid distributor or class, is provided with slag-drip opening in the bottom of conical distribution plate 2; The cone angle c of conical distribution plate 2 can be 30 °-120 °, and in order to ensure the space size that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds and to be convenient to make waste residue to discharge from slag-drip opening, preferably, cone angle c is 60 °-90 °.On the setting track of conical distribution plate 2, be provided with multiple open holess, each jet pipe 3 is arranged on respectively in each open holes, and the internal surface of conical distribution plate 2 is protruded in the air outlet of each jet pipe 3, vaporized chemical forms eddy current entering by each jet pipe 3 behind the space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, jet pipe 3 comprises an outer tube 7, and stretch out from the air outlet of outer tube 7 air outlet of center inner tube 8; When use, in center inner tube 8, pass into the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, in annular space 9, pass into the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen.When the space surrounding to conical distribution plate 2 by each jet pipe 3 passes into superheated vapour, the superheated vapour entering in above-mentioned space forms eddy current, wherein, the superheated vapour that contains oxygen enters above-mentioned space by center inner tube 8, the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen enters above-mentioned space by the annular space 9 between outer tube 7 and inner tube 8, and the gas speed of the vaporized chemical that does not contain oxygen by annular space 9 is greater than by the gas speed of the vaporized chemical that contains oxygen of center inner tube 8; There is burning thermopositive reaction in the granular coal of a part and oxygen, the granular coal of another part reacts with superheated vapour generating gasification under the katalysis of catalyzer, the required heat of gasification reaction is provided by above-mentioned burning thermopositive reaction, and granular coal is occurring to generate coal gas and waste residue after burning thermopositive reaction and gasification reaction.
Because stretch out from the air outlet of outer tube 7 air outlet of center inner tube 8, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by annular space 9 is greater than by the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen of center inner tube 8, thereby can control near the flow field of jet pipe 3, near the tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts of center inner tube 8 and air outlet, form eddy current, thereby can effectively stop in the rear tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts that produces Hui center inner tube 8 of granular coal and reaction and the deposition at air outlet place, and then can reduce slagging scorification; And, due to the superheated vapour of ejection in therefrom intracardiac pipe 8 and annular space 9 can take away in the tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts of center inner tube 8 and the granular coal at air outlet place and reaction after the ash that generates, therefore can alleviate the phenomenon that the ash producing after granular coal and reaction clashes into and scratch jet pipe 3, and then the degree of wear of jet pipe 3, the work-ing life of having improved jet pipe 3 are reduced.
In a kind of preferred implementation, the 1.2-3 that the wall thickness of inner tube 8 centered by the length of air outlet of outer tube 7 is stretched out in the air outlet of center inner tube 8 doubly, so design, can be by controlling near flow field jet pipe 3, thereby can strengthen the formation of the mobile and eddy current of vaporized chemical, and then the heat exchange degree at the air outlet place of strengthening jet pipe 3, be there is to the heat that burning thermopositive reaction produces in the center inner tube 8 granular coals in air outlet place and oxygen and change away evacuation in time, reduced the risk in the air outlet place slagging scorification of jet pipe 3.
Refer to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, in a kind of preferred implementation, center inner tube 8 is all the consistent pipe of diameter with outer tube 7, or center inner tube 8 is the consistent pipe of diameter, and outer tube 7 is the adapter bonnet at the air outlet place of outer tube 7 variation in diameter; Preferably, the inlet mouth diameter of outer tube 7 be this outer tube 7 air outlet diameter 1-3 doubly.Outer tube 7 adopts adapter bonnet can improve the gas speed of the superheated vapour spraying from annular space 9, thereby can further reduce in the rear tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts that produces Hui center inner tube 8 of granular coal and reaction and air outlet place deposition, and then can reduce slagging scorification.
Further, for dead center inner tube 8, between center inner tube 8 and outer tube 7, be provided with the strut member (not shown) of passing through for the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen.Particularly, strut member is ring structure, and ring structure is provided with the multiple holes that pass through for the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen, or strut member is along the spaced multiple back-up blocks of same circular trace.Strut member is not in affecting the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen and passing through from annular space 9, also for dead center inner tube 8 and ensure annular space 9 sizes.Because the temperature of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by annular space 9 is higher, therefore strut member is made up of high temperature material.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the axial line of center inner tube 8 overlaps with the axial line of outer tube 7.So design, make the annular space 9 between outer tube 7 and center inner tube 8 even, thereby make to spray from the air outlet of annular space 9 equably by the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen of annular space 9, prevent from forming district of localized hyperthermia because vaporized chemical is uneven at the air outlet place of annular space 9, thereby reduce the air outlet place slagging scorification at jet pipe 3.
In the gas distributor providing at above-described embodiment, the quantity of jet pipe 3 can be one, but for the superheated vapour that makes to enter in the space that conical distribution plate 2 surrounds is easy to form eddy current, preferably, the quantity of jet pipe 3 is multiple, and the axial line of each jet pipe 3 each point crossing with the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 is positioned in same level; Particularly, please continue to refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, between the axial line of each jet pipe 3 and horizontal plane, angle a is 0 °-45 °, for the ease of installing, and the axial line that angle a is preferably jet pipe 3 and conical distribution plate 2 plate faces corresponding angle when vertical; The projection line of the axial line of each jet pipe 3 on horizontal plane, with, the horizontal angle b at the point that the process axial line of this jet pipe 3 and the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 are crossing and the center of conical distribution plate 2 is 20 °-80 °; Say in further detail, as shown in Figure 3, the projection line of the axial line of jet pipe 3 on horizontal plane is AB, and the sea line at the point that the process axial line of this jet pipe 3 and the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 are crossing and the center of conical distribution plate 2 is BC, and the angle b between AB and BC is 20 °-80 °; Preferably, angle b is 30 °-60 °, and in this angular range, from jet pipe 3, the superheated vapour of ejection more easily forms eddy current.
It is worth mentioning that, in above-mentioned embodiment, the axial line of each jet pipe 3 each point crossing with the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 is positioned in same level, but be not limited to this, the axial line of each jet pipe 3 each point crossing from the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 can be positioned on different horizontal planes, particularly, multiple jet pipes 3 are at least divided into two groups, every group comprises several jet pipes 3, the axial line each point crossing with the inner surface of conical distribution plate 2 of the each jet pipe 3 in every group is positioned in same level, and the eddying flow direction forming by the superheated vapour of each group of jet pipe 3 is respectively identical.
Refer to Fig. 6, in a kind of preferred implementation, conical distribution plate 2 is provided with multiple apertures 6, and the diameter of each aperture 6 is 0.5mm-5mm; The percentage of open area of conical distribution plate 2 is 0.1-1%.So design, enter and be arranged in the superheated vapour that vapourizing furnace is positioned at the furnace inner space of conical distribution plate 2 tops and formed by two portions, a part is to enter via jet pipe 3, and another part is to be introduced into the air chamber 5 that is positioned at conical distribution plate 2 belows in vapourizing furnace, then enters via each aperture 6.Thereby above-mentioned conical distribution plate 2 can be reequiped by existing conical distribution plate, thereby can reduce the cost of making gas distributor.
In order to adjust the speed of waste discharge slag, on the basis of the respective embodiments described above, gas distributor also comprises: the scum pipe 4 being communicated with slag-drip opening, and be communicated with the gas blow pipe 10 for adjusting scum pipe 4 deslagging speed with scum pipe 4.Be provided with scum pipe 4 in the bottom of conical distribution plate 2, make the waste residue after gasification reaction enter scum pipe 4 via conical distribution plate 2 bottoms, and discharge vapourizing furnace from scum pipe 4, thus make gas distributor not limited by the furnace inner space of vapourizing furnace, improve the suitability of gas distributor; In addition, pass through the gas speed of the gas of gas blow pipe 10 by adjustment, regulate the deslagging speed of scum pipe 4, when entering the gas speed of gas of scum pipe 4 by gas blow pipe 10 when very fast, this gas can be larger to the resistance upwards of the waste residue in scum pipe 4, thereby the deslagging speed that can slow down; Otherwise when entering the gas speed of gas of scum pipe 4 by gas blow pipe 10 when slower, this gas can give waste residue in scum pipe 4 resistance upwards less, thereby accelerates deslagging speed.It should be noted that, be specifically as follows vaporized chemical or rare gas element through the gas of gas blow pipe 10.
Embodiment bis-
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of vapourizing furnace, comprising: vapourizing furnace housing 1, the feeding line being communicated with vapourizing furnace housing 1 respectively and the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and be arranged in vapourizing furnace housing 1, any gas distributor that technique scheme is carried.Particularly, please continue to refer to Fig. 1, conical distribution plate 2 runs through and is arranged in vapourizing furnace housing 1, the slag-drip opening of conical distribution plate 2 is connected with scum pipe 4, scum pipe 4 is passed down through vapourizing furnace housing 1, each jet pipe 3 is respectively through the default hole on vapourizing furnace housing 1 and the open holes on conical distribution plate 2, and the internal surface of conical distribution plate 2 is protruded in the air outlet of each jet pipe 3.
In the time adopting above-mentioned vapourizing furnace to carry out carbonaceous material gasification, vaporized chemical enters via each jet pipe 3 furnace inner space that is positioned at conical distribution plate 2 tops in vapourizing furnace, and form eddy current, carbonaceous material adds from feeding line, enter into after the eddy current that vaporized chemical forms, follow vaporized chemical mobile time, carbonaceous material reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, the inflammable gas generating is discharged by the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and the waste residue of generation is discharged by slag-drip opening.Because vaporized chemical is entered after above-mentioned furnace inner space and can be formed eddy current by jet pipe 3, therefore, strengthen the less turbulence of above-mentioned furnace inner space, thereby can prevent from forming flow dead; Strengthen fluidisation and heat transfer simultaneously, prevent from forming district of localized hyperthermia, thereby can reduce carbonaceous material sintering, the appearance of slagging scorification phenomenon.
Embodiment tri-
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of carbonaceous material gasification process, comprising:
101, by each jet pipe 3 in vapourizing furnace and the furnace inner space that is positioned at conical distribution plate 2 tops pass into vaporized chemical, the vaporized chemical that enters above-mentioned furnace inner space forms eddy current;
102 add carbonaceous material in from feeding line to vapourizing furnace, and carbonaceous material is with eddying flow, and react with vaporized chemical generating gasification, and the inflammable gas of generation is discharged outside vapourizing furnace housing 1 by the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and the waste residue of generation is discharged by slag-drip opening.
Say in further detail, in the time carrying out carbonaceous material gasification, vaporized chemical enters via each jet pipe 3 furnace inner space that is positioned at conical distribution plate 2 tops in vapourizing furnace, and form eddy current, carbonaceous material adds from feeding line, and at the furnace inner space being positioned at above conical distribution plate 2, carbonaceous material reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, the inflammable gas generating is discharged outside vapourizing furnace housing 1 by the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and the waste residue of generation is discharged by slag-drip opening.Because vaporized chemical is entered after above-mentioned furnace inner space and can be formed eddy current by jet pipe 3, therefore can strengthen the less turbulence of above-mentioned furnace inner space, thereby can prevent from forming flow dead, strengthen fluidisation and heat transfer simultaneously, prevent from forming district of localized hyperthermia, thereby can reduce carbonaceous material sintering, the appearance of slagging scorification phenomenon.
In the above-described embodiments, carbonaceous material is specifically as follows the fossil oil of the carbon containings such as granular coal or coal tar, and vaporized chemical is specifically as follows superheated vapour or hydrogen, below taking carbonaceous material as granular coal, vaporized chemical is described as superheated vapour as example.
In above-mentioned carbonaceous material gasification process, in the time that jet pipe 3 comprises an outer tube 7, center inner tube 8 is passed through for the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, annular space between outer tube 7 and center inner tube 89 passes through for the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by annular space 9 is greater than by the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen of center inner tube 8;
There is burning thermopositive reaction in the granular coal of a part and oxygen, the granular coal of another part reacts with superheated vapour generating gasification under the katalysis of catalyzer, the required heat of gasification reaction, by the granular coal of an above-mentioned part and oxygen, burning thermopositive reaction occurs to be provided, and granular coal is occurring to generate inflammable gas and waste residue after burning thermopositive reaction and gasification reaction.
Because stretching out from the air outlet of outer tube 7 air outlet of center inner tube 8, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by annular space 9 is greater than by the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen of center inner tube 8, thereby can control near the flow field of jet pipe 3, near the tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts of Bing Ke center inner tube 8 and air outlet, form eddy current, thereby can effectively stop in the rear tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts that produces Hui center inner tube 8 of granular coal and reaction and the deposition at air outlet place, and then can reduce slagging scorification; Due to the superheated vapour of ejection in therefrom intracardiac pipe 8 and annular space 9 can take away in the tube wall periphery of stretching out outer tube 7 parts of center inner tube 8 and the granular coal at air outlet place and reaction after the ash that produces, therefore alleviate the phenomenon that the ash producing after granular coal and reaction clashes into and scratch jet pipe 3, and then the degree of wear of jet pipe 3, the work-ing life of having improved jet pipe 3 are reduced.
The above-mentioned superheated vapour that contains oxygen passes into the furnace inner space that is positioned at conical distribution plate 2 tops via center inner tube 8, the inlet mouth of center inner tube 8 is connected with superheated vapour source of the gas and oxygen source respectively, in superheated vapour source of the gas, the temperature of superheated vapour is generally 300 °-500 °, and in oxygen source, the temperature of oxygen is generally 20 °-25 °.
In order to promote the formation of eddy current, in a kind of preferred implementation, the gas speed that passes into the superheated vapour that contains oxygen in center inner tube 8 is 10m/s-100m/s, the gas speed that passes into the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen in annular space 9 be pass into the superheated vapour that contains oxygen in center inner tube 8 gas speed 1-2 doubly.
It is worth mentioning that, in above-mentioned carbonaceous material gasification, granular coal is fluidized state under vaporized chemical effect, and therefore, this carbonaceous material gasification mode is also referred to as fluidized-bed gasification.Comprise oxygen and superheated vapour by the vaporized chemical of center inner tube 8, comprise superheated vapour by the vaporized chemical of annular space 9.Inflammable gas comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane.
In order to prevent forming district of localized hyperthermia at above-mentioned furnace inner space, and then there is slagging scorification phenomenon, therefore contain the concentration general control of oxygen in the superheated vapour of oxygen at 0-40mol%; In a kind of preferred implementation, conical distribution plate 2 is provided with multiple apertures 6, and the superheated vapour entering through aperture 6 can be the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, or does not contain the superheated vapour of oxygen, wherein, in the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, oxygen concentration is generally 0-20mol%.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in; can expect easily changing or replacing, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (17)
1. a gas distributor, it is characterized in that, comprise: bottom is provided with the conical distribution plate of slag-drip opening, run through at least one jet pipe being arranged on described conical distribution plate, the vaporized chemical entering in the space that described conical distribution plate surrounds via each described jet pipe forms eddy current; Wherein, described jet pipe comprises: center inner tube, be sleeved at least one outer tube in the inner tube of described center, described center inner tube and and described at least one outer tube between be formed with annular space.
2. gas distributor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described jet pipe comprises a described outer tube, and stretch out from the air outlet of described outer tube the air outlet of described center inner tube.
3. gas distributor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the length that the air outlet of described outer tube is stretched out in the air outlet of described center inner tube be described center inner tube wall thickness 1.2-3 doubly.
4. according to the arbitrary described gas distributor of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described center inner tube is the consistent pipe of diameter; Described outer tube is the consistent pipe of diameter, or described outer tube is the adapter bonnet at the air outlet place of described outer tube variation in diameter.
5. gas distributor according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the inlet mouth diameter of described outer tube be this outer tube air outlet diameter 1-3 doubly.
6. gas distributor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, is provided with the strut member that for fixing described center inner tube, also can pass through for vaporized chemical between described center inner tube and described outer tube.
7. gas distributor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the axial line of described center inner tube overlaps with the axial line of described outer tube.
8. gas distributor according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described jet pipe quantity is multiple, and the axial line of the each described jet pipe respectively each point crossing with the inner surface of described conical distribution plate is positioned in same level.
9. gas distributor according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described jet pipe is at least divided into two groups, every group comprises several described jet pipes, the axial line of the each described jet pipe in the every group respectively each point crossing with the inner surface of described conical distribution plate is positioned in same level, and the eddying flow direction forming by the vaporized chemical of each group of jet pipe is respectively identical.
10. gas distributor according to claim 8 or claim 9, is characterized in that,
Between the axial line of each described jet pipe and horizontal plane, angle is 0 °-45 °;
The projection line of the axial line of each described jet pipe on horizontal plane, with, the point that the process axial line of this jet pipe and the inner surface of described conical distribution plate are crossing and the horizontal angle at described conical distribution Ban center are 20 °-80 °.
11. gas distributors according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described conical distribution plate is provided with multiple apertures, and the diameter of each described aperture is 0.5mm-5mm; The percentage of open area of described conical distribution plate is 0.1-1%.
12. gas distributors according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise: the scum pipe being communicated with described slag-drip opening, and be communicated with the gas blow pipe for adjusting described scum pipe deslagging speed with described scum pipe.
13. 1 kinds of vapourizing furnaces, is characterized in that, comprising: vapourizing furnace housing, the feeding line being communicated with described vapourizing furnace housing respectively and the pipeline of giving vent to anger, and be arranged in described vapourizing furnace housing, gas distributor as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-12.
14. 1 kinds of rights to use require the carbonaceous material gasification process of vapourizing furnace described in 13, it is characterized in that, comprising:
By each described jet pipe in described vapourizing furnace and the furnace inner space that is positioned at described conical distribution plate top pass into vaporized chemical, the described vaporized chemical that enters described furnace inner space forms eddy current;
In described vapourizing furnace, add carbonaceous material from described feeding line, described carbonaceous material is with described eddying flow, and react with described vaporized chemical generating gasification, the inflammable gas of generation is discharged outside described vapourizing furnace housing by the described pipeline of giving vent to anger, and the waste residue of generation is discharged by described slag-drip opening.
15. carbonaceous material gasification process according to claim 14, is characterized in that,
Described jet pipe comprises a described outer tube, and described vaporized chemical comprises superheated vapour and oxygen;
Described center inner tube is passed through for the superheated vapour that contains oxygen, annular space between described outer tube and described center inner tube passes through for the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen by described annular space is greater than by the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen of described center inner tube;
There is burning thermopositive reaction in part carbonaceous material and described oxygen, another part carbonaceous material reacts with described superheated vapour generating gasification under the katalysis of described catalyzer, the required heat of described gasification reaction is provided by described burning thermopositive reaction, and carbonaceous material is occurring to generate inflammable gas and waste residue after described burning thermopositive reaction and described gasification reaction.
16. carbonaceous material gasification process according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, the gas speed of the superheated vapour that contains oxygen during by described center inner tube is 10m/s-100m/s, and the gas speed of the superheated vapour that does not contain oxygen during by described annular space is 1-2 times of the gas speed of superheated vapour during by described center inner tube that contains oxygen.
17. carbonaceous material gasification process according to claim 15, is characterized in that, are 0-40mol% by the concentration of oxygen in the superheated vapour of described center inner tube.
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