CN104176847A - Seawater desalination technology - Google Patents
Seawater desalination technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104176847A CN104176847A CN201310191124.8A CN201310191124A CN104176847A CN 104176847 A CN104176847 A CN 104176847A CN 201310191124 A CN201310191124 A CN 201310191124A CN 104176847 A CN104176847 A CN 104176847A
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- water
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- seawater
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention discloses a seawater desalination technology. The seawater desalination technology is characterized in that a seawater desalination device is installed in a position having depth more than 270m in deep sea, seawater enters into a multistage precipitate filter under the action of hydrostatic pressure of seawater, the filtered clean seawater goes through a pipe and then enters into a crossflow-type RO filter under the action of hydrostatic pressure-atmospheric pressure difference as reverse osmosis powder, the separated fresh water goes through a pipe and then is stored in a fresh water storage tank in the position having the same depth, the fresh water in the fresh water storage tank is sucked and fed to a water distribution system on the sea surface by a fresh water delivery pump driven by external wave and is used for water distribution, and the separated concentrated salt water is output and re-discharged to sea by a salt water delivery pump driven by external wave. The seawater desalination technology is scientific and reasonable, adopts less devices, solves the problem of high seawater desalination energy consumption, is free of any electric energy and fuel oil equipment, really realizes seawater desalination zero-energy consumption and provides novel technological means for large-scale and low-cost fresh water production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sea water desalting technology, be specifically related to a kind of without any energy consumption, desalination technology cheaply.
Background technology
Freshwater resources are one of necessary resources of human survival, at present, very streamy water resources is all subject to pollution in various degree, and shortage of fresh water problem has affected national economy and social Sustainable development day by day, and sea water desaltination is the effective way that solves shortage of water resources problem.
Desalination technology, utilize exactly sea water desalinization to produce the technical process of fresh water, what use was the widest at present is distillation method and RO membrane reverse osmosis method, wherein distillation method is that heating of seawater is evaporated, this not only needs large independent Solid Bed, and evaporative process need to expend a large amount of energy, water producing cost and maintenance cost are all higher, and system recoveries rate only has 15～40%.Reverse osmosis method is because equipment is simple, efficiency is high, it is little, easy to operate to take up an area, become one of current main method desalinizing seawater without distinguishing features such as heating.
RO membrane reverse osmosis method claims again ultra-filtration method, it is the water cleaning systems of United States Government's assistance exploitation the 1950's, the sixties is for sea water desaltination, RO membrane reverse osmosis method is that depended on pressure drives the effect that reaches reverse osmosis, make the small molecules such as water molecules, ethanol molecule see through reverse osmosis membrane, and ion and pollutent are trapped.The core of reverse osmosis is reverse osmosis membrane, reverse osmosis membrane is a kind of film of making, have the semi-transparent character of selectivity with macromolecular material, it can be under impressed pressure effect, moisture and some compositional selecting in the aqueous solution is seen through, thereby reach purifying, separation or concentrated object.Reverse osmosis can anti-bacteria, salt, and sugar, protein, particle, dyestuff, and other are greater than the material of the daltonian molecular weight of 150-250, remove most inorganic salt, organism and microorganism, thereby reach the requirement of water quality.
Most of reverse osmosis technologies are a kind of cross flow filter technology, need filter liquide transverse flow to cross reverse osmosis membrane, need a motivating force propelling fluid by film in the process of reverse osmosis, are all generally to adopt high-pressure pump to drive.First traditional reverse osmosis method desalting process is that seawater is extracted up, carry out preliminary treatment, reduce turbidity of sea water, prevent the microbial growth such as bacterium, algae, then use the supercharging of Special high-voltage pump, seawater is entered by crossing current RO strainer to be separated, preparing fresh, producing pump in process needs continuous operation, keeps pressure and crossing current RO, therefore, the running cost of this system and maintenance cost are very high.
As the patent No. Chinese invention patent " a kind of method for desalting seawater " that is CN201210377906.6, filtered water by former seawater after pre-treatment, enter the heat-discharging section interchanger of seawater desalination system, for condensed steam and reclaim the heat of heat-discharging section, obtain warm seawater after heat exchange that temperature is higher; Warm seawater is delivered into ultra-filtration equipment through low-pressure pump, ultrafiltration is produced water and is delivered into nanofiltration device through high-pressure pump, incrustation ion in selective removal seawater obtains nanofiltration softening water, through high-pressure pump input reverse osmosis unit, makes reverse osmosis produced water and reverse osmosis concentrated water; Reverse osmosis concentrated water is the directly water inlet as MED or MSF device heat-recovery section after recovered energy; To mix as tap water with reverse osmosis produced water through MED or MSF device desalination product water; Discharge or comprehensive utilization after the dense water of nanofiltration mixes with dense water after recovered energy.This method is improved existing reverse osmosis method, and system recoveries rate is improved, but still needs the equipment such as high-pressure pump, and power consumption is higher.
Theoretically, under normal temperature, be 0.75KWH/m3 by the lowest energy consumption of desalination by reverse osmosis process seawater, the pressure of pump must exceed seepage water pressure, and seawater could arrive fresh water one side by membrane permeation like this, if the pressure of pump is lower than osmotic pressure, the water of infiltration can flow back in strong brine so.Compare with distillation method, adopting the advantage of desalination by reverse osmosis process seawater is that ratio of desalinization is high, and equipment is simple, and water production rate is large, and floor space is little, easy to operate; But or need to consume a large amount of electric energy, membrane module needs routine cleaning, although along with the raising of reverse osmosis membrane performance and the appearance of energy recycle device, its ton of water current consumption reduces gradually, but also there is very large distance with people's mathematical expectation, in the situation that current current consumption is still high, scale operation fresh water is also restricted, and is therefore difficult to meet the demand of water-deficient area to fresh water.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one desalination technology cheaply, without any need for electric energy and oil-burning apparatus, utilize hydrostaticpressure as reverse osmosis power, utilize wave to drive transferpump, solve the high problem of current sea water desaltination energy consumption, provide new technique means for realizing large-scale low-cost production fresh water.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of desalination technology, it is characterized in that: sea water desalting equipment is arranged in the deep-sea that the degree of depth exceedes 270 meters, seawater enters multi stage precipitation thing strainer under acting by external hydrostatic pressure, utilize the pressure difference of hydrostaticpressure and barometric point as reverse osmosis power, make the clean sea water after filtering enter cross-flow type RO strainer by pipeline, isolated fresh water by tube storage in the fresh water hold-up vessel of the same degree of depth, the fresh water transfer pump driving by external wave aspirates the fresh water in fresh water hold-up vessel water supply and distribution in the water distribution system that is delivered to sea and uses, the salt solution transferpump output that isolated concentrated salt solution drives by external wave flows back to marine again,
Described fresh water transfer pump and salt solution transferpump are wave driving pump, its structure is: the pump case that comprises an elongated tubular, the bottom of pump case fixes in deep-sea by cable mooring block, the bottom of pump case is provided with water-in, top is provided with water outlet, the top of pump case is stretched out sea and is arranged with one and moves float, this moves float and floats across the sea and can under the promotion of wave, move up and down along pump case, is provided with to coordinate with mobile float to realize water and upwards aspirate the stage pump assembly of conveying in pump case.
As improvement, described stage pump assembly comprises the union lever, return spring, a series of check valve unit by piston and check valve combination that are arranged in pump case, described union lever connects and is fixedly installed in pump case, described return spring is nested with on union lever, its upper end is provided with keeps out ring, lower end and piston offset, in the time moving down under the driving of mobile float at wave, drive is kept out ring and is moved down, return spring compression drives piston to move down one-way valve opens, and water is pumped to step by step water outlet from the water-in of pump case lower end and discharges.
As improvement, described check valve unit successively spacer sleeve is located on union lever, is provided with the sealing-ring offseting with the inwall of pump case in the outside of each piston.
As improvement, the lower end in described pump case is provided with a set collar in order to mooring cable, and the below permanent sleeve of the upper end of described pump case, mobile float is provided with one for spacing fixing float.
Improve, described water outlet is located at the below of described fixing float again.
Further improve, described multi stage precipitation thing strainer comprises self-cleaning filter, ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device, described seawater is through Ph adjusting, coagulation, remove by self-cleaning filter particle, the throw out that particle diameter is greater than 50um, then obtain the clean sea water after softening through the processing of ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device.Arranging of cascade filtration improved pre-treatment filtration effect, ensures the influent quality of RO film.From another angle, also assurance device moves all the time under safety, rational condition, ensures reverse osmosis membrane serviceability, has improved device serviceability.
Further improve again, on described fresh water hold-up vessel, be connected with one stretch out sea for alleviating the vapor pipe of pressure difference between fresh water hold-up vessel and production operation pressure, the air outlet end of described vapor pipe is provided with vent valve, in the time of exhaust valve closure, the pressure difference of cross-flow type RO strainer is 0, and now fresh water is back in fresh water hold-up vessel and through the RO film of cross-flow type RO strainer and realizes back flushing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: sea water desalinating plant is arranged in deep-sea, utilize the natural hydrostaticpressure of seawater as reverse osmosis power, utilize wave to drive transferpump, utilize crossing current RO filter system to allow the continuous self-cleaning of film simultaneously, thereby extend the life-span of RO strainer and reduce maintenance cost.Craft science of the present invention is reasonable, facility investment is few, solve the high problem of current sea water desaltination energy consumption, without any need for electric energy and oil-burning apparatus, really realize desalting process zero energy consumption, for the mankind are extensive, low cost production fresh water provides a kind of new technique means.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of fresh water production in desalination technology of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow sheet that in desalination technology of the present invention, crossing current RO strainer is carried out to back flushing;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of wave driving pump of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure sectional view of stage pump assembly A in Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described in further detail the present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, sea water desalting equipment in the desalination technology of the present embodiment comprises multi stage precipitation thing strainer, cross-flow type RO strainer, fresh water hold-up vessel, fresh water transfer pump, salt solution transferpump and various pipeline, and multi stage precipitation thing strainer comprises self-cleaning filter, ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device, for the hydrostaticpressure that makes seawater can reach RO osmolality, whole sea water desalting equipment is arranged in the deep-sea that the degree of depth exceedes 270 meters, seawater enters multi stage precipitation thing strainer under acting by external hydrostatic pressure, described seawater regulates through Ph, coagulation, remove by self-cleaning filter the particle that particle diameter is greater than 50um, throw out, obtain the clean sea water after softening through the processing of ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device again, arranging of multi stage precipitation thing strainer improved pre-treatment filtration effect, ensure the influent quality of RO film, from another angle, also assurance device is all the time in safety, reasonably under condition, move, ensure reverse osmosis membrane serviceability, improve device serviceability,
Utilize the pressure difference of hydrostaticpressure and barometric point as reverse osmosis power, make the clean sea water after filtering enter cross-flow type RO strainer by pipeline, isolated fresh water by tube storage in the fresh water hold-up vessel of the same degree of depth, the fresh water transfer pump driving by external wave again aspirates the fresh water in fresh water hold-up vessel water supply and distribution in the water distribution system that is delivered to sea and uses, and the salt solution transferpump output that isolated concentrated salt solution drives by external wave flows back to marine again;
On fresh water hold-up vessel, be connected with one stretch out sea for alleviating the vapor pipe of pressure difference between fresh water hold-up vessel and production operation pressure, the air outlet end of vapor pipe is provided with vent valve, while producing fresh water, vent valve is opened, make hydrostaticpressure and atmospheric pressure difference higher than osmotic pressure, fresh water sees through cross-flow type RO strainer and enters fresh water hold-up vessel; Need to carry out back flushing to the RO film of cross-flow type RO strainer time, during by exhaust valve closure, the pressure difference of cross-flow type RO strainer is 0 like this, now fresh water is back in fresh water hold-up vessel and through the RO film of cross-flow type RO strainer and realizes back flushing, send out the technical process of flushing as shown in Figure 2, RO film can constantly carry out oneself's cleaning like this, makes pore clean, thereby extend the life-span of cross-flow type RO strainer and reduce maintenance cost, ensureing the quality of fresh water;
Fresh water transfer pump and salt solution transferpump are wave driving pump, its structure is as Fig. 3, 4 are depicted as: the pump case 110 that comprises an elongated tubular, cable 113 moorings are passed through on anchor 117 in the bottom of pump case 110, be arranged in deep-sea, the bottom of pump case 110 is provided with water-in 120, top is provided with water outlet 119, the top of pump case 110 is stretched out sea and is arranged with one and moves float 6, this moves float 6 and floats across the sea and can under the promotion of wave, move up and down along pump case 110, in the upper end of pump case 110, the below permanent sleeve of mobile float 6 is provided with a fixing float 116, the position mobile float 6 being moved down by fixing float 116 limits, make the degree of depth of pump case 110 bottoms in seawater remain on certain limit, and water outlet 119 is located at the below of fixing float 116, in pump case 110, be provided with to coordinate with mobile float 6 and realize water and upwards aspirate the stage pump assembly A of conveying, stage pump assembly A comprises the union lever 118, return spring 114, a series of check valve unit being combined by piston 111 and check valve 112 that are arranged in pump case 110, union lever 118 connects and is fixedly installed in pump case 110, pump case 110 lower end interior, union lever 118 is provided with a set collar 115, in order to mooring cable 113, return spring 114 is nested with on union lever 118, its upper end is provided with keeps out ring 115, lower end and piston 111 offset, in the time moving down under the driving of mobile float 6 at wave, drive is kept out ring 115 and is moved down, return spring 114 compressions drive piston 111 to move down check valve 112 are opened, and water is pumped to step by step water outlet 119 from the water-in 120 of pump case 110 lower ends and discharges, check valve unit successively spacer sleeve is located on union lever 118, is provided with the sealing-ring 121 offseting with the inwall of pump case 110 in the outside of each piston 111.
The principle of work of wave driving pump is exactly that pump fixes on seabed by cable mooring block, utilize the promotion of wave that sea is fluctuated to low spot from height point, mobile like this float 6 constantly does upper and lower vertical movement along pump case 110 under the promotion of wave, convert the impellent of wave to mechanical energy, for pump water.
Sea water desalting equipment setting of the present invention must be arranged in the deep-sea that the degree of depth exceedes 270 meters, this is because just in time equate with the osmotic pressure of RO film in the seawater hydrostaticpressure of 270 meters of degree of depth, therefore, the degree of depth that cross-flow type RO strainer enters ocean exceedes 270 meters, just can produce enough pressure and produce fresh water (reference Lachish, Uri. " Optimizing the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination " .).
The pressure of pump must be higher than seepage water pressure, and seawater just can permeate by RO film like this, and the difference between flow and two pressure is proportional.In the time of two pressure equality, water just can not flow by RO film, if the pressure of pump lower than osmotic pressure, the fresh water penetrating so will flow back in strong brine.Therefore, the degree of depth that RO system is arranged on seabed exceedes 270 meters, just can produce enough pressure and carry out preparing fresh.
Claims (7)
1. a desalination technology, it is characterized in that: sea water desalting equipment is arranged in the deep-sea that the degree of depth exceedes 270 meters, seawater enters multi stage precipitation thing strainer under acting by external hydrostatic pressure, utilize the pressure difference of hydrostaticpressure and barometric point as reverse osmosis power, make the clean sea water after filtering enter cross-flow type RO strainer by pipeline, isolated fresh water by tube storage in the fresh water hold-up vessel of the same degree of depth, the fresh water transfer pump driving by external wave aspirates the fresh water in fresh water hold-up vessel water supply and distribution in the water distribution system that is delivered to sea and uses, the salt solution transferpump output that isolated concentrated salt solution drives by external wave flows back to marine again,
Described fresh water transfer pump and salt solution transferpump are wave driving pump, its structure is: the pump case (110) that comprises an elongated tubular, the bottom of pump case (110) fixes in deep-sea by cable (113) mooring block, the bottom of pump case (110) is provided with water-in (120), top is provided with water outlet (119), the top of pump case (110) is stretched out sea and is arranged with one and moves float (6), this moves float (6) and floats across the sea and can under the promotion of wave, move up and down along pump case (110), in pump case (110), be provided with to coordinate with mobile float (6) and realize water and upwards aspirate the stage pump assembly (A) of conveying.
2. desalination technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stage pump assembly (A) comprises the union lever (118) being arranged in pump case (110), return spring (114), a series of check valve unit by piston (111) and check valve (112) combination, described union lever (118) connects and is fixedly installed in pump case (110), described return spring (114) is nested with on union lever (118), its upper end is provided with keeps out ring (122), lower end and piston (111) offset, in the time moving down under the driving of mobile float (6) at wave, drive is kept out ring (122) and is moved down, return spring (114) compression drives piston (111) to move down check valve (112) is opened, water is pumped to step by step water outlet (119) from the water-in (120) of pump case (110) lower end and is discharged.
3. desalination technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described check valve unit successively spacer sleeve is located at union lever (118) above, is provided with the sealing-ring (121) offseting with the inwall of pump case (110) in the outside of each piston (111).
4. desalination technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the lower end in described pump case (110) is provided with a set collar in order to mooring cable (113) (115), and the below permanent sleeve of the upper end of described pump case (110), mobile float (6) is provided with one for mobile float (6) being carried out to spacing fixing float (116).
5. desalination technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described water outlet (119) is located at the below of described fixing float (116).
6. according to the desalination technology described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described multi stage precipitation thing strainer comprises self-cleaning filter, ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device, described seawater is through Ph adjusting, coagulation, remove by self-cleaning filter particle, the throw out that particle diameter is greater than 50um, then obtain the clean sea water after softening through the processing of ultra-filtration equipment and nanofiltration device.
7. according to the desalination technology described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: on described fresh water hold-up vessel, be connected with one stretch out sea for alleviating the vapor pipe of pressure difference between fresh water hold-up vessel and production operation pressure, the air outlet end of described vapor pipe is provided with vent valve, in the time of exhaust valve closure, the pressure difference of cross-flow type RO strainer is 0, and now fresh water is back in fresh water hold-up vessel and through the RO film of cross-flow type RO strainer and realizes back flushing.
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| CN201310191124.8A CN104176847A (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Seawater desalination technology |
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| CN201310191124.8A CN104176847A (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Seawater desalination technology |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105858994A (en) * | 2016-04-16 | 2016-08-17 | 申忠领 | Small seawater desalination device |
| CN106145261A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 大连善心水业科技有限公司 | A kind of seawater desalination system |
| CN109647206A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-19 | 上海交通大学 | Deep-sea reverse osmosis desalination device and its method |
| RU2770360C1 (en) * | 2021-05-04 | 2022-04-15 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Электрорам" | Sea water desalination method |
| CN116239272A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 广州唯友斯工程机械配件有限公司 | Marine high-power sea water desalination equipment |
| WO2024018302A1 (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-25 | 王子信 | Mass production system of deep-sea water desalination for domestic water use |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106145261A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 大连善心水业科技有限公司 | A kind of seawater desalination system |
| CN106145261B (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2023-10-27 | 刘典军 | Seawater desalination system |
| CN105858994A (en) * | 2016-04-16 | 2016-08-17 | 申忠领 | Small seawater desalination device |
| CN105858994B (en) * | 2016-04-16 | 2018-06-26 | 烟台凯实工业有限公司 | A kind of Miniature seawater desalination device |
| CN109647206A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-19 | 上海交通大学 | Deep-sea reverse osmosis desalination device and its method |
| RU2770360C1 (en) * | 2021-05-04 | 2022-04-15 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Электрорам" | Sea water desalination method |
| WO2024018302A1 (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-25 | 王子信 | Mass production system of deep-sea water desalination for domestic water use |
| CN116239272A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 广州唯友斯工程机械配件有限公司 | Marine high-power sea water desalination equipment |
| CN116239272B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-21 | 广州唯友斯工程机械配件有限公司 | Marine high-power sea water desalination equipment |
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