CN102659272A - Novel membrane-process sea water desalination and fresh water and salt preparation system and technique - Google Patents
Novel membrane-process sea water desalination and fresh water and salt preparation system and technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel membrane-process sea water desalination and fresh water and salt preparation system and technique. The novel membrane-process sea water desalination and fresh water and salt preparation system comprises a raw water tank, an ultrafiltration device, an ultrafiltration water tank, a sea water reverse-osmosis desalination device, a water production tank, an electroosmosis salt and water separation device and a concentrated salt water tank, wherein the raw water tank, the ultrafiltration device, the ultrafiltration water tank, the sea water reverse-osmosis desalination device and the water production tank are connected sequentially through pipelines or pipelines and pumps. The sea water reverse-osmosis desalination device, the electroosmosis salt and water separation device and the concentrated salt water tank are sequentially connected through pipelines. By the aid of the technique, high-quality refined salt or salt chemical raw materials and high-quality fresh water can be produced, and meanwhile, adverse effects on the ecological environment of the sea area from discharge of SWRO (sea water reverse osmosis) concentrated salt water are avoided, costs for salt manufacturing by sea water and sea water desalination can be greatly reduced, and particularly, the novel membrane-process sea water desalination and fresh water and salt preparation system has high use value for water-deficient regions in northern of China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination and produce fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit and process method, particularly sea water desaltination, preparing salt by working up seawater, reverse osmosis concentrated water safety dumping system and process method.
Background technology
The large-scale application of desalination technology starts from the Middle East of arid, but is not limited to this area.Since in the world the population 70% or more all live in off sea foreign 120 kilometers with interior zone, thereby nearly more than 20 years of desalination technology in addition many countries and regions are applied in the Middle East rapidly.At present, about about 3500 ten thousand steres of global sea water desaltination day output, wherein 80% is used for tap water, has solved people's water supply problem more than 100,000,000, and sea water desaltination substitutes and increment technique as Freshwater resources, more and more receives many maritime nations' attention in the world.About the whole world directly utilizes seawater as annual about 6000 billion cubic meters of industrial colling total amount, the Freshwater resources of a large amount of preciousnesses have been substituted; Every year is carried in the whole world such as 5,000 ten thousand tons of salt, magnesium and more than 260 ten thousand tons in Natural manganese dioxide, 200,000 tons of bromines etc. from the ocean.
Kind surplus method for desalting seawater has ten.At present main method has multiple-effect evaporation (MED), r-o-(RO) and MSF (MSF) etc., and is applicable to that the method for large-scale sea water desaltination has only MED, MSF and SWRO.Worldwide obtained rapidly after low temperature multiple-effect distillation in the MED method (LT-MED) exploitation using more widely, currently become the desalination technology of tool development prospect with SWRO and MSF.
The low-temperature multiple-effect seawater desalination technology is meant that the high evaporation temperature of brinish is lower than 70 ℃ desalination techniques; It is characterized in that a series of level pipe sprinkling falling-film evaporator is together in series; Pass through repeatedly evaporation and condensation with a certain amount of steam input; Next one vaporization temperature of imitating all is lower than front one effect, thereby obtains being multiple times than the desalination process of the zero(ppm) water of quantity of steam.
SWRO method (reverse osmosis method sea water desaltination) is to utilize the semi-permeable membranes that only allows solvent to see through, do not allow solute to see through, and seawater and freshwater is separated.The great advantage of reverse osmosis method is energy-conservation.Its energy consumption is merely 1/2 of electroosmose process, 1/4 of distillation method.Therefore, from 1974, developed countries such as America and Japan just successively turned to reverse osmosis method to the development center of gravity.
Advantages such as the investment that the SWRO method has is low, energy consumption is low, the construction period is short are applicable to the sea water desaltination engineering of building various scales.Its outstanding advantage is exactly that cost is lower, and between 0.50～0.70 dollar/m3 desalination, this also depends on energy cost greatly.But SWRO has also produced a large amount of strong brine (account for former seawater amount 55 ~ 60%) when producing fresh water, if directly discharging then can be to surrounding waters and environment generation baneful influence.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention provides a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination and produces fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches through following technical scheme:
Fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination, and it comprises that raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, seawater reverse osmosis pass through desalting equipment, produce water tank, electrodialysis salt water separation device and strong brine case; Wherein said raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, seawater reverse osmosis are passed through desalting equipment and are produced between the water tank and be connected with pump through pipeline or pipeline successively, and said seawater reverse osmosis is passed through between desalting equipment, electrodialysis salt water separation device and the strong brine case and is connected through pipeline successively.
Above-mentioned a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination is produced in fresh water and the salt manufacturing feed circuit, is specially said ultra-filtration equipment and is connected with said ultrafiltration water tank through pipeline; Said ultrafiltration water tank passes through desalting equipment with pipeline with said seawater reverse osmosis through pump and is connected; Said seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is connected with said product water tank through pipeline; Said seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is connected with described electrodialysis salt water separation device through pipeline; Described electrodialysis salt water separation device is connected with described strong brine case through pipeline.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described ultra-filtration equipment adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is adopted coiled reverse osmosis membrane.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is also comprised energy-recuperation system.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described electrodialysis salt water separation device adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane, and the monovalent ion that seawater reverse osmosis is passed through in the reverse osmosis concentrated water that desalting equipment obtains concentrates.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination and produces fresh water and salt manufacturing raw material process method.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches through following technical scheme:
Fresh water and salt manufacturing raw material process method are produced in a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination, comprise the steps:
(1) the pretreated seawater of process that is stored in the raw water box filters through ultra-filtration equipment, gets rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc., and is stored in the ultrafiltration water tank;
(2) seawater of handling through step (1) passes through the desalination by reverse osmosis device again, gets rid of most salinities, obtains fresh water and is stored in the product water tank;
(3) handle through step (2) and obtain reverse osmosis concentrated water and carry out monovalent ion through electrodialysis salt water separation device and concentrate, what described electrodialysis salt water separation device adopted is the monovalent ion permselective membrane;
(4) handle the strong brine obtain raw material through step (3), be stored in the strong brine case as purified salt or salt chemical engineering;
(5) handle the light salt brine that obtains through step (3) and directly be discharged into the surrounding waters.
Said pre-treatment can be adopted air-float filtration or coagulating sedimentation+sand filtration etc., gets rid of most suspended substances, colloid and partial organic substances etc.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention at first adopts ultra-filtration equipment that seawater is handled in the pretreated seawater of process, gets rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc.; Getting into seawater reverse osmosis then passes through most salinities that desalination system removes in the seawater and obtains fresh water.Seawater reverse osmosis is passed through the strong brine entering electrodialysis unit that desalination system discharges, and utilizes the monovalent ion permselective membrane that the monovalent ion in the seawater is concentrated, and when obtaining high density NaCl solution, also can obtain the relatively low light salt brine of saltiness.Processing through system of the present invention and technology; Can obtain the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering on the one hand, can obtain fresh water on the other hand, the light salt brine TDS of electrodialysis process generation simultaneously is lower; Generally be no more than 45000ppm; Directly discharging can not impact surrounding sea areas and environment, for north China development and use oceanic resources, extracts fresh water and high-quality salt aspect and has good using value.
Through embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated below.It should be understood that described embodiment only relates to the preferred embodiments of the invention, do not breaking away under the spirit and scope of the present invention situation that the variation of various compositions and content and improvement all are possible.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
0 through pretreated seawater 1 raw water box
2 ultra-filtration equipment, 3 ultrafiltration water tanks
4 seawater reverse osmosis are passed through desalting equipment 5 and are produced water tank
6 electrodialysis salt water separation devices, 7 strong brine casees
The discharging of 8 electrodialysis light salt brines
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; For the synoptic diagram of fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit is produced in novel membrane sea water desaltination of the present invention, it comprises, and raw water box 1, ultra-filtration equipment 2, ultrafiltration water tank 3, seawater reverse osmosis are passed through desalting equipment (reverse osmosis unit) 4, are produced water tank 5, electrodialysis salt water separation device (electrodialysis unit) 6 and strong brine case 7; Wherein, be stored in the raw water box 1 through pretreated seawater 0, raw water box 1 is connected with ultra-filtration equipment 2 with pipeline through pump; Ultra-filtration equipment 2 is connected with ultrafiltration water tank 3 through pipeline; Ultrafiltration water tank 3 passes through desalting equipment 4 through pump and pipeline and seawater reverse osmosis and is connected; Seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment 4 and is connected with electrodialysis salt water separation device 6 with product water tank 5 respectively through pipeline; Electrodialysis salt water separation device 6 is connected with strong brine case 7 through pipeline, and carries out the discharging of electrodialysis light salt brine through pipeline.
Ultra-filtration equipment 2 adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment 4 and adopted coiled reverse osmosis membrane.Electrodialysis salt water separation device 6 adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane that the monovalent ion in the seawater is concentrated.
Further, seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment 4 and is also comprised energy-recuperation system.
As shown in Figure 2, produce the process flow sheet of fresh water and salt manufacturing raw material technology for novel membrane sea water desaltination of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
(1) seawater is transported to pretreatment system, in water inlet, adds sterilant (like Youxiaolin), coagulating agent (like Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) or iron trichloride) and coagulant aids (like SEPIGEL 305) simultaneously, carry out air-float filtration or coagulating sedimentation and sand filtration and handle;
Be stored in the filtered water tank (being raw water box) through pretreated seawater; Be transported in two ultrafiltration (UF) device through service pump and pipeline then and carry out ultrafiltration; Get rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc., and be stored in the ultrafiltration water tank; Ultra-filtration equipment adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and like PVDF tubular fibre external-compression type ultra-filtration membrane, model is SMT600-P50, mean pore size 0.1 μ m, effective film area 50m
2
(2) seawater of handling through step (1) is transported to seawater reverse osmosis through lift pump, SWRO HPP and pipeline successively and passes through desalination (SWRO) device; In water inlet, add simultaneously Scale inhibitors and reductive agent; Passing through desalting equipment through seawater reverse osmosis handles; Get rid of most salinities, obtain fresh water and be stored in the product water tank; Seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is adopted coiled reverse osmosis membrane, is 400ft as adopting the effective film area
2Rolling r-o-ultralow pressure seawater film, effectively the separating layer material is an aromatic polyamides;
Seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment also can comprise energy-recuperation system.Adopt the energy recycle device of Work-exchange type can utilize the residual pressure of reverse osmosis concentrated water to exchange the feed water by reverse osmosis supercharging, thereby reduce the energy consumption of whole reverse osmosis system through high efficiency merit.As shown in Figure 2, the light salt brine side of energy recycle device is connected with the topping-up pump inlet duct with SWRO lift pump pump discharge small transfer line respectively; Dense water side is connected with the concentrated water discharge pipeline with the reverse osmosis high-pressure thick waterpipe respectively.
(3) handle resulting reverse osmosis concentrated water through step (2) and be transported to electrodialysis (ED) salt water separation device by the road; Carrying out monovalent ion concentrates; Electrodialysis salt water separation device adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane, is 0.25m as using 300 pairs of monolithic membrane areas altogether
2Electrodialytic membranes, can make monovalent ions such as sodium ion in the seawater, cl ions concentrate in the strong brine side and discharge, discharge from the light salt brine side and contain other ionic light salt brines;
(4) handle the strong brine that obtains through step (3) and be stored in the strong brine case, as the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering;
(5) handle through step (3), the light salt brine that electrodialysis (ED) salt water separation device produces directly is discharged into the surrounding waters.
Get into ultrafiltration (UF) system through pretreated seawater, can get rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc.; The seawater of handling through UF gets into seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalting equipment thoroughly, gets rid of most salts, obtains fresh water; Seawater reverse osmosis is passed through strong brine entering electrodialysis (ED) the salt water separation device that (SWRO) desalting equipment is discharged; Sodium ion in the concentrated seawater and cl ions are concentrated; Strong brine is as the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering; The total salinity of light salt brine is lower than 45000ppm, and directly discharging can not impact surrounding sea areas and environment.So; Through art breading of the present invention; Not only can obtain the raw material of high-quality purified salt or salt chemical engineering and high-quality fresh water; Avoided of the negative impact of SWRO strong brine simultaneously, can also reduce preparing salt by working up seawater and Cost of seawater desalination significantly, particularly had good use value for the northern China water-deficient area to the marine site ecotope.
System of the present invention and Technology have been adopted in Beijing's new forms of energy and the desalination technology innovation pilot project.This sea water desaltination project can be divided into by functional block: seawater pre-treatment part, ultra-filtration filters part, reverse osmosis desalination desalination part, the extraction of concentrated seawater salinity and desalination part.
1. design basis
(1) seawater quality
| Ion | Concentration [mg/L] |
| K + | 376 |
| Na + | 10155 |
| Ca 2+ | 389 |
| Mg 2+ | 1216 |
| CO 3 2- | 23 |
| HCO 3 - | 142 |
| Cl - | 18248 |
| SO 4 2- | 2557 |
| Total dissolved solidss (TDS) | 33106 |
| Temperature (degrees C) | 0-28 |
| Boron | 4.19 |
| COD | 0.8-2.4 |
| Total suspended solid(s) (TSS) (TSS) | ?2.5-340 |
Remarks: this project adopts Chinese Bohai Sea Gulf seawater, and shown in water quality was as above shown, wherein the maximum 35000mg/L that presses of total dissolved solidss considered that minimum seawater water temperature (consideration heat exchange) is by designing more than 10 ℃.
(2) product water water quality
The finished product water water quality reaches " GB5749-2006 drinking water sanitary standard ".
(3) communal facility condition
(4) scale of the project
2. treatment process and equipment
(1) sea water preprocessing part
Because former water suspension content is frequent; Variation range is bigger; Consider the generation of red tide simultaneously; Therefore before carrying out membrane filtration, be necessary at first seawater to be carried out processing such as pre-filtering, with remove suspended substance in the seawater water inlet, oil, grease, colloid, organism or other can stop up, the material of damage, contaminate subsequent ultra-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane.
In seawater, add sterilant, coagulating agent, coagulant aids, after handling through pretreatment system, be stored in the raw water box 1 through pretreated seawater 0.
Pre-treatment partial design parameter:
Handle the water yield: 550m
3/ d
Auxiliary water ratio: < 2%
Effluent quality: suspended substance: < 10mg/>l;
Turbidity: < 5NTU;
COD clearance: 20-50%.
(2) ultrafiltration (UF) part
Ultra-filtration equipment can be removed suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and part colloid in the water inlet, larger molecular organics etc., its water outlet SDI basically
15Index less than 3 has guaranteed the steady running of follow-up reverse osmosis unit effectively.
Getting into the subsequent ultrafiltration device through purifying waste water of pre-treatment partially disposed through the UF service pump filters; It is temporary that filter back water gets into ultrafiltration product water tank; Before ultra-filtration equipment, security personnel's strainer is set, in case leak-stopping sand is to the infringement of ultra-filtration membrane and the influence of ultra-filtration equipment water production rate.
Ultra-filtration equipment is provided with 2 covers, every cover 100% scale of exerting oneself, and the ultrafiltration recovery is designed to 90%, both can adopt the dead-end filtration operation scheme, also can adopt the cross flow filter operation scheme.In addition, system is provided with the subsystem of a cover hyperfiltration reverse-rinsing and EFM/CIP matting, and the water source is from ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis produced water tank.The filtration of ultra-filtration equipment, gas/water mixing backwash and matting are all taked automatic control mode, not only guarantee system's operating safety, reduce manipulation strength simultaneously, and cost reduces the personnel to operate.
The ultrafiltration system design variable:
Clean water production rate: 10m
3/ h/ cover
Device quantity: 2 covers
The average clean water flux: > that produces; 50L/ (m
2H)
The recovery:>90%
Allow to clean pH value scope: 1-13
Product water turbidity: < 0.2NTU
Product water SDI: < 2.5
(3) reverse osmosis seawater desalting (SWRO) part
The seawater desalination reverse osmosis device has high desalination ability, is topmost desalting plant in this project.The seawater desalination reverse osmosis system is by 2 row configurations, comprises that reverse osmosis feedwater pump, HPP, energy recycle device and topping-up pump, seawater reverse osmosis pass through device, r-o-flushing and cleaning system, r-o-medicine system.
The seawater desalination reverse osmosis design variable:
System's water production rate: 100m
3/ d * 2
System recoveries rate: 45%--50%
System's flooding quantity: 223--200m
3/ d * 2
Design columns: 2 row
Film average design water flux: 16L/m
2h
Produce water water quality: reach " GB5749-2006 drinking water sanitary standard ".
(4) seawater strong brine separate part
Salt water tripping device (ED technology) also is to adopt the membrane separating technology; It is installing under the situation of switching on through having optionally ion separation membrane of 1-1 valency, can be with sodium ion in the reverse osmosis concentrated water and the further concentrating and separating of cl ions; Reverse osmosis concentrated water is divided into concentrated seawater and brackish water two portions; The strong brine saltiness of ED can reach 10-20%, and NaCl purity is high, is used to produce the raw material of high-end purified salt and high-quality edible salt or salt chemical engineering; The saltiness of the light salt brine of ED can be reduced to below the 45000mg/l, can directly be discharged into the surrounding waters.
Design ED device 1 cover, the recovery is about 90%, through the ED service pump product water of ultrafiltration is sent into the ED device, and the strong brine that wherein accounts for amount of inlet water 10% is as the salt manufacturing water; Other 90% has passed through the partially desalted light salt brine of ED, can directly be discharged into the surrounding waters.
3. conclusion
(1) native system and technology are got rid of suspended substance, grease, particle, bacterium, virus and part colloid, larger molecular organics through pre-treatment and uf processing to seawater, make to handle back seawater satisfied entering r-o-and electrodialytic requirement.
(2) carry out desalting treatment through pretreated seawater entering reverse osmosis unit and can obtain fresh water.
(3) the dense water that passes through of seawater reverse osmosis is through electrodialysis appts; Utilize the monovalent ion permselective membrane efficiently monovalent ions such as cl ions in the concentrated seawater and sodium ion to be concentrated; Thereby obtain the raw material of strong brine, and the saltiness of reduction light salt brine can directly be discharged it as purified salt or salt chemical engineering.
(4) native system and technology are coupled embrane method salt producing craft and embrane method desalination technology; Both can reduce the salt manufacturing cost; Also can reduce the operation power consumption of seawater desalination system; Reducing water producing cost, also effectively avoided the problem of environmental pollution of strong brine to surrounding sea areas simultaneously, is to serve multiple.Has good using value aspect the raw material that utilizes seawater extraction fresh water and high-quality salt or salt chemical engineering.
Claims (7)
1. fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in a novel membrane sea water desaltination, and it comprises that raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, seawater reverse osmosis pass through desalting equipment, produce water tank, electrodialysis salt water separation device and strong brine case; Wherein said raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, seawater reverse osmosis are passed through desalting equipment and are produced between the water tank and be connected with pump through pipeline or pipeline successively, and said seawater reverse osmosis is passed through between desalting equipment, electrodialysis salt water separation device and the strong brine case and is connected through pipeline successively.
2. fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in novel membrane sea water desaltination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ultra-filtration equipment adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
3. fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in novel membrane sea water desaltination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is adopted coiled reverse osmosis membrane.
4. fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in novel membrane sea water desaltination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seawater reverse osmosis is passed through desalting equipment and is also comprised energy-recuperation system.
5. fresh water and salt manufacturing feed circuit are produced in novel membrane sea water desaltination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electrodialysis salt water separation device adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane.
6. fresh water and salt manufacturing raw material process method are produced in a novel membrane sea water desaltination, comprise the steps:
(1) the pretreated seawater of process that is stored in the raw water box filters through ultra-filtration equipment, gets rid of suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus, colloid and larger molecular organics, and is stored in the ultrafiltration water tank;
(2) seawater of handling through step (1) passes through the desalination by reverse osmosis device again, gets rid of most salinities, obtains fresh water and is stored in the product water tank;
(3) handle through step (2) and obtain reverse osmosis concentrated water and carry out monovalent ion through electrodialysis salt water separation device and concentrate, what described electrodialysis salt water separation device adopted is the monovalent ion permselective membrane;
(4) handle the strong brine obtain raw material through step (3), be stored in the strong brine case as purified salt or salt chemical engineering;
(5) handle the light salt brine that obtains through step (3) and directly be discharged into the surrounding waters.
7. fresh water and salt manufacturing raw material process method are produced in a kind of novel membrane sea water desaltination as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: said pre-treatment is air-float filtration or coagulating sedimentation and sand filtration processing.
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| CN2013202484039U CN203269703U (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-05-10 | System for producing fresh water and salt production raw material by desalinating seawater in novel membrane method |
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| CN109896672A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-06-18 | 淄博格瑞水处理工程有限公司 | Desalination plant and method |
| CN109896672B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-05-15 | 淄博格瑞水处理工程有限公司 | Seawater desalination device and method |
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| CN112062322A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-12-11 | 合肥荣丽科技有限公司 | System device and method for concentrating brine and extracting water by using organic aqueous solution |
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| CN115259429B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-12-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Treatment device for flowback fluid |
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