CN104167783A - Direct-current power source low ripple wave implementation method and circuits with batteries supplying power continuously - Google Patents
Direct-current power source low ripple wave implementation method and circuits with batteries supplying power continuously Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现方法，可充电、无纹波的直流电池通过线性电压调整电路后向负载供电，所述直流电池有两个，在同一时刻仅有一个直流电池进行供电，且供电的直流电池处于非充电状态，而另一个电池如果电量满则处于备用状态，否则处于充电状态，本发明同时提供了相应的实现电路，包括充电电路、充电选择电路、控制电路、第一直流电池、第二直流电池、供电选择电路以及线性电压调整电路，本发明可彻底消除交流整流电路的固有工频纹波，实现直流输出电源的低纹波，保障直流电源的持续电能供应。
A low-ripple realization method of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery. A rechargeable and ripple-free DC battery supplies power to a load after passing through a linear voltage adjustment circuit. There are two DC batteries, and only one DC battery is used at the same time. To supply power, and the DC battery for power supply is in a non-charging state, and if the other battery is full, it is in a standby state, otherwise it is in a charging state. The present invention also provides a corresponding implementation circuit, including a charging circuit, a charging selection circuit, a control circuit, The first DC battery, the second DC battery, the power supply selection circuit and the linear voltage adjustment circuit, the present invention can completely eliminate the inherent power frequency ripple of the AC rectifier circuit, realize the low ripple of the DC output power supply, and ensure the continuous power of the DC power supply supply.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于精密测量仪器领域，应用于需要超低纹波直流电源的场合，具体涉及一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现方法与电路。The invention belongs to the field of precision measuring instruments, and is applied to occasions requiring an ultra-low ripple DC power supply, in particular to a method and circuit for realizing low ripple of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery.
背景技术Background technique
提高测量准确度是信号测量的重要目的，降低各类误差是提高测量准确度的重要方法，直流电源纹波是产生信号误差的主要根源之一。直流电源按其工作频率可分为二极管工频整流稳压电源和开关电源，利用如图3所示的电池直接供电和工频整流电源电路，对两种电源分别加载标称电阻值为45Ω、90Ω、180Ω和1800Ω的负载进行纹波分析(标称工作电流分别为200mA、100mA、50mA和5mA)，得出两种电源在不同负载下的纹波电压波形，具体参数见表1。Improving measurement accuracy is an important purpose of signal measurement. Reducing various errors is an important method to improve measurement accuracy. DC power supply ripple is one of the main sources of signal error. DC power supply can be divided into diode power frequency rectification stabilized power supply and switching power supply according to its working frequency. Using the direct battery power supply and power frequency rectification power supply circuit shown in Figure 3, the nominal resistance value of the two power supplies is 45Ω, 45Ω, The loads of 90Ω, 180Ω, and 1800Ω are subjected to ripple analysis (nominal operating currents are 200mA, 100mA, 50mA, and 5mA, respectively), and the ripple voltage waveforms of the two power supplies under different loads are obtained. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
表1 电池直接供电与工频整流电源连接不同电阻负载的纹波Table 1 Ripple of direct battery power supply and power frequency rectified power supply connected to different resistance loads
由结果可知，电池直接供电电源的纹波基本上为零，而常用的二极管工频整流后的直流电源有较大的工频纹波，需要较大容量的滤波器件；开关电源采用高频工作，滤波器件体积和容量降低，但仍然存在高频纹波和工频纹波，可通过增加电路滤波器件来降低纹波，但仍达不到高精度测量的要求。It can be seen from the results that the ripple of the battery direct power supply is basically zero, while the commonly used DC power supply after diode power frequency rectification has relatively large power frequency ripple, which requires a larger capacity filter device; the switching power supply adopts high frequency operation , the size and capacity of the filter device are reduced, but there are still high-frequency ripples and power frequency ripples. The ripple can be reduced by adding circuit filter devices, but it still cannot meet the requirements of high-precision measurement.
在一些高精度测量要求的实验室和工作场所，希望得到高质量的直流电源供应，本身没有纹波的直流电池直接供电是一种较好的选择，但电池的容量有限，需要频繁充电。有些电源采用交流供电、电池备用的方式，可保证交流失电后一段时间内的供电，但正常状态下交流供电的纹波仍然存在。In some laboratories and workplaces that require high-precision measurement, it is hoped to obtain high-quality DC power supply. A direct-current battery with no ripple itself is a better choice, but the capacity of the battery is limited and requires frequent charging. Some power supplies use AC power supply and battery backup, which can guarantee the power supply for a period of time after the AC power failure, but the ripple of the AC power supply still exists under normal conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现方法与电路，利用两个直流电池，一个供电而另一个充电，可实现持续的低纹波供电。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and circuit for realizing low ripple of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery. By using two DC batteries, one supplies power while the other charges to achieve continuous low ripple. wave power supply.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现方法，可充电、无纹波的直流电池通过线性电压调整电路后向负载供电，所述直流电池有两个，在同一时刻仅有一个直流电池进行供电，且供电的直流电池处于非充电状态，而另一个电池如果电量满则处于备用状态，否则处于充电状态。A low-ripple realization method of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery. A rechargeable, ripple-free DC battery supplies power to a load after passing through a linear voltage adjustment circuit. There are two DC batteries, and only one DC battery is used at the same time. The DC battery that supplies power is in a non-charging state, while the other battery is in a standby state if the power is full, otherwise it is in a charging state.
如果两个电池的电量均高于供电阈值，则选择其中电量较高的直流电池供电直至低于供电阈值，选择另一个直流电池进行充电直至充满、备用，如果充电中的直流电池电量尚未充满而供电电池已经低于供电阈值同时负载又需要继续供电，则停止充电，切换两个直流电池的充电供电状态；If the power of the two batteries is higher than the power supply threshold, select the DC battery with the higher power to supply power until it is lower than the power supply threshold, and select another DC battery to charge until it is full and back up. When the power supply battery is lower than the power supply threshold and the load needs to continue to supply power, stop charging and switch the charging and power supply status of the two DC batteries;
如果一个直流电池的电量高于供电阈值而另一个直流电池的电量低于供电阈值，则选择电量高的直流电池供电直至低于供电阈值，选择另一个直流电池进行充电直至充满、备用，如果充电中的直流电池电量已高于供电阈值但尚未充满而供电电池电量已经低于供电阈值同时负载又需要继续供电，则停止充电，切换两个直流电池的充电供电状态；If the power of one DC battery is higher than the power supply threshold and the power of the other DC battery is lower than the power supply threshold, select the DC battery with high power to supply power until it is lower than the power supply threshold, and select another DC battery to charge until it is full and standby, if charging If the power of the DC battery in the battery is higher than the power supply threshold but not yet fully charged, and the power of the power supply battery is lower than the power supply threshold and the load needs to continue to supply power, stop charging and switch the charging and power supply status of the two DC batteries;
如果两个直流电池的电量均低于供电阈值，则声光报警并延时供电一段时间后停止供电，选择其中电量低的电池进行充电至电量满，再对另一个电池充电直到该电池电量满，在两个直流电池电量均满的情况下才开始重新对负载供电。If the power of the two DC batteries is lower than the power supply threshold, there will be an audible and visual alarm and the power supply will be delayed for a period of time, and then the power supply will be stopped. Select the battery with low power to charge until it is full, and then charge the other battery until the battery is full. , the power supply to the load will not be resumed until the two DC batteries are fully charged.
本发明同时提供了一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现电路，包括：At the same time, the present invention provides a low-ripple realization circuit of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery, including:
充电电路，接交流电为直流电池提供充电电能；Charging circuit, connected to AC to provide charging power for DC battery;
充电选择电路，根据控制电路的信号，通过开关控制充电电路为第一直流电池或第二直流电池充电；The charging selection circuit controls the charging circuit to charge the first DC battery or the second DC battery through a switch according to the signal of the control circuit;
控制电路，采集第一直流电池和第二直流电池的电量，选择其中电量较高且高于供电阈值者为线性电压调整电路供电至低于供电阈值，选择电量较低者进行充电至电量满；The control circuit collects the power of the first DC battery and the second DC battery, selects the one with higher power and higher than the power supply threshold to supply power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit to be lower than the power supply threshold, and selects the one with the lower power to charge until the power is full ;
第一直流电池，电量大于供电阈值且第二直流电池供电至低于供电阈值时，为线性电压调整电路供电；The first DC battery supplies power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit when the power is greater than the power supply threshold and the second DC battery supplies power below the power supply threshold;
第二直流电池，电量大于供电阈值且第一直流电池供电至低于供电阈值时，为线性电压调整电路供电；The second DC battery supplies power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit when the power is greater than the power supply threshold and the first DC battery supplies power below the power supply threshold;
供电选择电路，根据控制电路的信号，通过开关控制第一直流电池或第二直流电池为线性电压调整电路供电；The power supply selection circuit controls the first DC battery or the second DC battery to supply power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit through a switch according to the signal of the control circuit;
线性电压调整电路，将电池供电的直流电压进行线性调整后为负载供电。The linear voltage adjustment circuit linearly adjusts the DC voltage supplied by the battery to supply power to the load.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为正极性输出，所述充电选择电路包括均连接充电电路输出的并联的充电开关S1和充电开关S3，充电开关S1连接二极管D1的阳极，二极管D1的阴极连接第一直流电池的正极和供电开关S2的一端，供电开关S2的另端连接二极管D2的阳极，二极管D2的阴极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C1的正极，电解电容C1的负极接地；第一直流电池的负极接地；充电开关S3连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接第二直流电池的正极和供电开关S4的一端，供电开关S4的另端连接二极管D4的阳极，二极管D4的阴极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C1的正极；第二直流电池的负极接地；所述控制电路通过监测充电开关S1和充电开关S3处的电流获取充电状态，并通过控制充电开关S1和充电开关S3启闭选择为第一直流电池或第二直流电池充电，通过监测供电开关S2和供电开关S4处的电流获取供电状态，并通过控制供电开关S2和供电开关S4启闭选择为第一直流电池或第二直流电池供电。The first DC battery and the second DC battery both have positive polarity output, and the charging selection circuit includes a parallel charging switch S1 and a charging switch S3 connected to the output of the charging circuit, the charging switch S1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the diode D1 The cathode of D1 is connected to the positive pole of the first DC battery and one end of the power supply switch S2, the other end of the power supply switch S2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the input terminal of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C1, electrolytic The negative pole of the capacitor C1 is grounded; the negative pole of the first DC battery is grounded; the charging switch S3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the second DC battery and one end of the power supply switch S4, and the other end of the power supply switch S4 is connected to the diode The anode of D4 and the cathode of diode D4 are connected to the input terminal of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C1; the negative pole of the second DC battery is grounded; the control circuit obtains the charging state by monitoring the current at the charging switch S1 and the charging switch S3 , and select to charge the first DC battery or the second DC battery by controlling the charging switch S1 and the charging switch S3 to switch on and off, obtain the power supply status by monitoring the current at the power supply switch S2 and the power supply switch S4, and control the power supply switch S2 and the The power supply switch S4 is turned on and off to select to supply power to the first DC battery or the second DC battery.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为负极性输出，所述充电选择电路包括均连接充电电路输出的并联的充电开关S5和充电开关S7，充电开关S5连接二极管D5的阴极，二极管D5的阳极连接第一直流电池的负极和供电开关S6的一端，供电开关S6的另端连接二极管D6的阴极，二极管D6的阳极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C3的负极，电解电容C3的正极接地；第一直流电池的正极接地；充电开关S7连接二极管D7的阴极，二极管D7的阳极连接第二直流电池的负极和供电开关S8的一端，供电开关S8的另端连接二极管D8的阴极，二极管D8的阳极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C3的负极；第二直流电池的正极接地；所述控制电路通过监测充电开关S5和充电开关S7处的电流获取充电状态，并通过控制充电开关S5和充电开关S7启闭选择为第一直流电池或第二直流电池充电，通过监测供电开关S6和供电开关S8处的电流获取供电状态，并通过控制供电开关S6和供电开关S8启闭选择为第一直流电池或第二直流电池供电。The first DC battery and the second DC battery both have negative polarity output, and the charging selection circuit includes a parallel charging switch S5 and a charging switch S7 connected to the output of the charging circuit. The charging switch S5 is connected to the cathode of the diode D5, and the diode D5 The anode of D5 is connected to the negative pole of the first DC battery and one end of the power supply switch S6, the other end of the power supply switch S6 is connected to the cathode of the diode D6, and the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the input terminal of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3, electrolytic The positive pole of the capacitor C3 is grounded; the positive pole of the first DC battery is grounded; the charging switch S7 is connected to the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of the diode D7 is connected to the negative pole of the second DC battery and one end of the power supply switch S8, and the other end of the power supply switch S8 is connected to the diode The cathode of D8 and the anode of diode D8 are connected to the input end of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3; the positive pole of the second DC battery is grounded; the control circuit obtains the charging state by monitoring the current at the charging switch S5 and the charging switch S7 , and select to charge the first DC battery or the second DC battery by controlling the charging switch S5 and the charging switch S7 to switch on and off, obtain the power supply status by monitoring the current at the power supply switch S6 and the power supply switch S8, and control the power supply switch S6 and the The power supply switch S8 is turned on and off to select to supply power to the first DC battery or the second DC battery.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为正极性电池，所述控制电路包括连接二极管D1阳极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D2阳极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D3阳极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D4阳极的电压采集电路，连接第一直流电池正极的电压采集电路，连接第一直流电池负极的电流采集电路，连接第二直流电池正极的电压采集电路，连接第二直流电池负极的电流采集电路，采集电路输出分别连接两个2输入或非门和四个3输入或非门，四个3输入或非门的输出分别连接开关S1、开关S2、开关S3、开关S4的控制端。Both the first DC battery and the second DC battery are positive polarity batteries, and the control circuit includes a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the anode of the diode D1, a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the anode of the diode D2, and a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the anode of the diode D3, Connect the voltage acquisition circuit of the anode of the diode D4, connect the voltage acquisition circuit of the positive pole of the first DC battery, connect the current acquisition circuit of the negative pole of the first DC battery, connect the voltage acquisition circuit of the positive pole of the second DC battery, and connect the negative pole of the second DC battery The current acquisition circuit, the output of the acquisition circuit is respectively connected to two 2-input NOR gates and four 3-input NOR gates, and the outputs of the four 3-input NOR gates are respectively connected to the control of switch S1, switch S2, switch S3, and switch S4 end.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为负极性电池，所述控制电路包括连接二极管D5阴极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D6阴极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D7阴极的电压采集电路，连接二极管D8阴极的电压采集电路，连接第一直流电池负极的电压采集电路，连接第一直流电池正极的电流采集电路，连接第二直流电池负极的电压采集电路，连接第二直流电池正极的电流采集电路，采集电路输出分别连接两个2输入或非门和四个3输入或非门，四个3输入或非门的输出分别连接开关S5、开关S6、开关S7、开关S8的控制端。Both the first DC battery and the second DC battery are negative polarity batteries, and the control circuit includes a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the cathode of the diode D5, a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the cathode of the diode D6, and a voltage acquisition circuit connected to the cathode of the diode D7, Connect the voltage acquisition circuit of the cathode of diode D8, the voltage acquisition circuit connected with the negative pole of the first DC battery, the current acquisition circuit connected with the positive pole of the first DC battery, the voltage acquisition circuit connected with the negative pole of the second DC battery, and the positive pole of the second DC battery The current acquisition circuit of the current acquisition circuit, the output of the acquisition circuit is connected to two 2-input NOR gates and four 3-input NOR gates, and the outputs of the four 3-input NOR gates are respectively connected to the control of switches S5, S6, S7, and S8 end.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为正极性输出，线性电压调整电路包括连接供电选择电路输出的LM78系列串联稳压芯片，稳压芯片接地端接地，稳压芯片输出端连接电解电容C2正极，电解电容C2负极接地。The first DC battery and the second DC battery both have positive polarity output, and the linear voltage adjustment circuit includes an LM78 series series voltage regulator chip connected to the output of the power supply selection circuit, the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip is grounded, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the electrolytic The positive pole of the capacitor C2 is grounded, and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C2 is grounded.
所述第一直流电池和第二直流电池均为负极性输出，线性电压调整电路包括连接供电选择电路输出的LM79系列串联稳压芯片，稳压芯片接地端接地，稳压芯片输出端连接电解电容C4负极，电解电容C4正极接地。The first DC battery and the second DC battery both have negative polarity output, and the linear voltage adjustment circuit includes an LM79 series series voltage regulator chip connected to the output of the power supply selection circuit, the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip is grounded, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the electrolytic The negative pole of the capacitor C4 is grounded, and the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is grounded.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1)采用直流电池替代二极管整流工频电源，消除后级电压调整电路的输入纹波；采用线性电压调整电路，降低开关调整产生的谐波；以上技术联合使用，确保实现整个电路的输出低纹波。1) Use a DC battery instead of a diode to rectify the power frequency power supply to eliminate the input ripple of the subsequent voltage adjustment circuit; use a linear voltage adjustment circuit to reduce the harmonics generated by switch adjustment; the combination of the above technologies ensures that the output of the entire circuit is low. Wave.
2)采用非互补供电选择电路，保障电池间的无扰切换和电能的平滑输出；采用非互补充电选择电路，保证后级电路的持续电能供应。2) The non-complementary power supply selection circuit is adopted to ensure the undisturbed switching between batteries and the smooth output of electric energy; the non-complementary charging selection circuit is adopted to ensure the continuous power supply of the subsequent circuit.
3)充电器、二极管、电池、电解电容和检测电路采用极性变换以适应正负极性电压输出要求；正极性和负极性电源组合起来可实现双极性直流电源的输出低纹波。3) Chargers, diodes, batteries, electrolytic capacitors and detection circuits adopt polarity conversion to meet the requirements of positive and negative polarity voltage output; the combination of positive and negative polarity power supplies can achieve low output ripple of bipolar DC power supply.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是电池持续供电的正极性直流电源低纹波实现原理示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the realization principle of the positive polarity DC power supply with low ripple continuously powered by the battery.
图2是电池持续供电的负极性直流电源低纹波实现原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the realization principle of the low ripple of the negative polarity DC power supply continuously powered by the battery.
图3是直接供电电池与工频整流电源的纹波测试电路图。Fig. 3 is the ripple test circuit diagram of direct power supply battery and power frequency rectification power supply.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.
一种电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现方法，可充电、无纹波的直流电池通过线性电压调整电路后向负载供电，直流电池有两个，在同一时刻仅有一个直流电池进行供电，且供电的直流电池处于非充电状态，而另一个电池如果电量满则处于备用状态，否则处于充电状态。即，交流输入的工频整流电压不直接对后级的线性电压调整电路供电，只给不处于供电状态的欠压直流电池充电；电量充满的直流电池或处于备用状态，或对后级的电压调整电路独立供电；任何正常时刻必有一个电能充足的直流电池作为电压调整电路的直流输入；通过将本身无纹波的直流电池作为电压调整电路的输入，以及采用低谐波的线性电压调整电路，来降低交流工频整流或开关电源带来的纹波；同时通过交流电源给欠压不供电的直流电池充电，为后级电压调整电路提供持续的直流电池供电保障，实现持续的低纹波供电。A low-ripple realization method of a DC power supply continuously powered by a battery. The rechargeable and ripple-free DC battery supplies power to the load through a linear voltage adjustment circuit. There are two DC batteries, and only one DC battery supplies power at the same time. And the DC battery that supplies power is in a non-charging state, and the other battery is in a standby state if the power is full, otherwise it is in a charging state. That is, the power frequency rectified voltage of the AC input does not directly supply power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit of the subsequent stage, but only charges the undervoltage DC battery that is not in the power supply state; the fully charged DC battery is either in the standby state, or the voltage of the subsequent stage The adjustment circuit is powered independently; at any normal time, there must be a DC battery with sufficient power as the DC input of the voltage adjustment circuit; by using the DC battery itself without ripple as the input of the voltage adjustment circuit, and using a linear voltage adjustment circuit with low harmonics , to reduce the ripple caused by AC power frequency rectification or switching power supply; at the same time, the AC power supply is used to charge the DC battery under voltage and no power supply, and provide continuous DC battery power supply protection for the subsequent voltage adjustment circuit to achieve continuous low ripple powered by.
本发明提供实现上述方法的具体电路包括：The specific circuit that the present invention provides to realize the above method includes:
充电电路，接交流电为直流电池提供充电电能；Charging circuit, connected to AC to provide charging power for DC battery;
第一直流电池，电量大于供电阈值且第二直流电池供电至低于供电阈值时，为线性电压调整电路供电；The first DC battery supplies power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit when the power is greater than the power supply threshold and the second DC battery supplies power below the power supply threshold;
第二直流电池，电量大于供电阈值且第一直流电池供电至低于供电阈值时，为线性电压调整电路供电；The second DC battery supplies power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit when the power is greater than the power supply threshold and the first DC battery supplies power below the power supply threshold;
线性电压调整电路，将电池供电的直流电压进行线性调整后为负载供电。The linear voltage adjustment circuit linearly adjusts the DC voltage supplied by the battery to supply power to the load.
充电选择电路，根据控制电路的信号，通过开关控制充电电路为第一直流电池或第二直流电池充电；供电选择电路，根据控制电路的信号，通过开关控制第一直流电池或第二直流电池为线性电压调整电路供电；充电选择电路和供电选择电路构成前级直流电能保障电路，提供持续、无工频纹波的直流电压。The charging selection circuit controls the charging circuit to charge the first DC battery or the second DC battery through the switch according to the signal of the control circuit; the power supply selection circuit controls the first DC battery or the second DC battery through the switch according to the signal of the control circuit The battery supplies power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit; the charging selection circuit and the power supply selection circuit constitute the front-stage DC power protection circuit, which provides continuous DC voltage without power frequency ripple.
控制电路，采集第一直流电池和第二直流电池的电量，选择其中电量较高且高于供电阈值者为线性电压调整电路供电至低于供电阈值，选择电量较低者进行充电至电量满。具体策略如下：The control circuit collects the power of the first DC battery and the second DC battery, selects the one with higher power and higher than the power supply threshold to supply power to the linear voltage adjustment circuit to be lower than the power supply threshold, and selects the one with the lower power to charge until the power is full . The specific strategies are as follows:
如果两个电池的电量均高于供电阈值，则选择其中电量较高的直流电池供电直至低于供电阈值，选择另一个直流电池进行充电直至充满、备用，如果充电中的直流电池电量尚未充满而供电电池已经低于供电阈值同时负载又需要继续供电，则停止充电，切换两个直流电池的充电供电状态；If the power of the two batteries is higher than the power supply threshold, select the DC battery with the higher power to supply power until it is lower than the power supply threshold, and select another DC battery to charge until it is full and back up. When the power supply battery is lower than the power supply threshold and the load needs to continue to supply power, stop charging and switch the charging and power supply status of the two DC batteries;
如果一个直流电池的电量高于供电阈值而另一个直流电池的电量低于供电阈值，则选择电量高的直流电池供电直至低于供电阈值，选择另一个直流电池进行充电直至充满、备用，如果充电中的直流电池电量已高于供电阈值但尚未充满而供电电池电量已经低于供电阈值同时负载又需要继续供电，则停止充电，切换两个直流电池的充电供电状态；If the power of one DC battery is higher than the power supply threshold and the power of the other DC battery is lower than the power supply threshold, select the DC battery with high power to supply power until it is lower than the power supply threshold, and select another DC battery to charge until it is full and standby, if charging If the power of the DC battery in the battery is higher than the power supply threshold but not yet fully charged, and the power of the power supply battery is lower than the power supply threshold and the load needs to continue to supply power, stop charging and switch the charging and power supply status of the two DC batteries;
如果两个直流电池的电量均低于供电阈值，则声光报警并延时供电一段时间后停止供电，选择其中电量低的电池进行充电至电量满，再对另一个电池充电直到该电池电量满，在两个直流电池电量均满的情况下才开始重新对负载供电。If the power of the two DC batteries is lower than the power supply threshold, there will be an audible and visual alarm and the power supply will be delayed for a period of time, and then the power supply will be stopped. Select the battery with low power to charge until it is full, and then charge the other battery until the battery is full. , the power supply to the load will not be resumed until the two DC batteries are fully charged.
上述控制策略可保证输出电能完全由直流电池供给，实现当正在供电且不充电的直流电池电能低于供电阈值而另一个电池的电能较高且高于供电阈值时，切换供电电池，并保证任意时刻只有一个直流电池供电且供电的直流电池不在充电状态。当电能高的直流电池供电开关闭合后，与电能低的直流电池相连接的供电开关中没有电流通过，此时断开不会产生火花等电磁干扰。The above control strategy can ensure that the output power is completely supplied by the DC battery, so that when the power of the DC battery that is powering and not charging is lower than the power supply threshold and the power of the other battery is higher and higher than the power supply threshold, switch the power supply battery and ensure that any There is only one DC battery for power supply at all times and the DC battery for power supply is not in charging state. When the DC battery power supply switch with high electric energy is closed, no current flows through the power supply switch connected with the DC battery with low electric energy, and the disconnection at this time will not generate electromagnetic interference such as sparks.
上述控制策略同时可保证直流电池拥有持续电能，当其中一个直流电池电能不足而另一个直流电池电能较高时，选择电能高且高于供电阈值的直流电池进行供电，选择电能低的直流电池进行充电，这样就可保证电能的持续供给；同时，任意时刻只对一个不供电的直流电池充电至电量满；极端特殊情况下，当两个直流电池电能均不足时，不对后级供电，选择一个电能较低的直流电池先进行充电至2个电池电量均满为止。The above control strategy can also ensure that the DC battery has continuous power. When one of the DC batteries has insufficient power and the other DC battery has high power, the DC battery with high power and higher than the power supply threshold is selected for power supply, and the DC battery with low power is selected for power supply. In this way, the continuous supply of electric energy can be guaranteed; at the same time, only one non-powered DC battery is charged to full power at any time; in extreme special cases, when the power of the two DC batteries is insufficient, no power is supplied to the subsequent stage, and one of them is selected. The DC battery with lower electric energy is charged first until both batteries are fully charged.
根据直流电源极性不同，上述电池持续供电的直流电源低纹波实现电路可采取如下两个实施例的具体结构。According to the difference in polarity of the DC power supply, the above-mentioned DC power supply low-ripple realization circuit continuously powered by the battery can adopt the specific structures of the following two embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，第一直流电池B1和第二直流电池B2均为正极性输出，充电选择电路包括均连接充电电路输出的并联的充电开关S1和充电开关S3，充电开关S1连接二极管D1的阳极，二极管D1的阴极连接第一直流电池B1的正极和供电开关S2的一端，供电开关S2的另端连接二极管D2的阳极，二极管D2的阴极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C1的正极，电解电容C1的负极接地；第一直流电池的负极接地；充电开关S3连接二极管D3的阳极，二极管D3的阴极连接第二直流电池B2的正极和供电开关S4的一端，供电开关S4的另端连接二极管D4的阳极，二极管D4的阴极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C1的正极；第二直流电池的负极接地。二极管D2、D4和电解电容C1用于保证输出电能的平滑供应，防止2个电压不同的直流电池之间的电能转移；As shown in Figure 1, both the first DC battery B1 and the second DC battery B2 have positive polarity outputs, and the charging selection circuit includes a parallel charging switch S1 and a charging switch S3 connected to the output of the charging circuit, and the charging switch S1 is connected to the diode D1 The anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the first DC battery B1 and one end of the power supply switch S2, the other end of the power supply switch S2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the input end of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the electrolytic capacitor The positive pole of C1, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C1 are grounded; the negative pole of the first DC battery is grounded; the charging switch S3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the second DC battery B2 and one end of the power supply switch S4, and the power supply switch The other end of S4 is connected to the anode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the input end of the linear voltage regulation circuit and the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C1; the cathode of the second DC battery is grounded. Diodes D2, D4 and electrolytic capacitor C1 are used to ensure the smooth supply of output power and prevent the transfer of power between two DC batteries with different voltages;
控制电路通过监测充电开关S1和充电开关S3处的电流获取充电状态，并通过控制充电开关S1和充电开关S3启闭选择为第一直流电池B1或第二直流电池B2充电，通过监测供电开关S2和供电开关S4处的电流获取供电状态，并通过控制供电开关S2和供电开关S4启闭选择为第一直流电池B1或第二直流电池B2供电，通过监测第一直流电池的正端电压和负端电流连接2输入或非门来获取第一直流电池电量状态，并通过监测第二直流电池的正端电压和负端电流连接2输入或非门来获取第二直流电池电量状态。The control circuit obtains the charging state by monitoring the current at the charging switch S1 and the charging switch S3, and selects to charge the first DC battery B1 or the second DC battery B2 by controlling the charging switch S1 and the charging switch S3 to open and close, and monitors the power supply switch The current at S2 and power supply switch S4 obtains the power supply state, and selects to supply power for the first DC battery B1 or the second DC battery B2 by controlling the power supply switch S2 and the power supply switch S4 to open and close, and by monitoring the positive terminal of the first DC battery Voltage and negative terminal current connect 2-input NOR gate to obtain the first DC battery state of charge, and monitor the positive terminal voltage and negative terminal current of the second DC battery to obtain the 2-input NOR gate to obtain the second DC battery state of charge .
控制电路采用监测到的充电开关S1、供电开关S2、充电开关S3、供电开关S4、第一直流电池电量状态和第二直流电池电量状态作为控制输入，通过3输入或非门逻辑输出控制充电开关S1、供电开关S2、充电开关S3和供电开关S4的启闭。The control circuit uses the monitored charging switch S1, power supply switch S2, charging switch S3, power supply switch S4, the first DC battery power status and the second DC battery power status as control inputs, and controls the charging through a 3-input NOR gate logic output Opening and closing of switch S1, power supply switch S2, charging switch S3 and power supply switch S4.
本实施例的工作原理如下：The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:
充电开关(以S1为例)的控制逻辑可表示为The control logic of the charging switch (taking S1 as an example) can be expressed as
当以下条件同时满足：(1)B1电池电量不足(未充电时电压较低，或充电电流较大(未充满))，(2)B1未对后级供电，S2断开，(3)充电电路未对B2充电，S3断开；此时S1接通，对B1充电。When the following conditions are met at the same time: (1) B1 battery power is insufficient (the voltage is low when not charging, or the charging current is large (not fully charged)), (2) B1 is not supplying power to the rear stage, S2 is disconnected, (3) charging The circuit does not charge B2, and S3 is disconnected; at this time, S1 is connected, and B1 is charged.
当以下条件之一满足：(1)当B1电池电量足(未充电时电压较高，或者充电电流较小)，(2)B1对后级供电，S2接通，(3)充电电路对B2充电，S3接通；此时S1断开。When one of the following conditions is met: (1) When the B1 battery is fully charged (the voltage is high when not charging, or the charging current is small), (2) B1 supplies power to the subsequent stage, S2 is connected, (3) the charging circuit is connected to B2 Charging, S3 is connected; at this time, S1 is disconnected.
当B1和B2电压均高时，S1和S3均断开。When both B1 and B2 voltages are high, both S1 and S3 are disconnected.
供电开关(以S2为例)的控制逻辑可表示为The control logic of the power supply switch (taking S2 as an example) can be expressed as
当以下条件同时满足：(1)B1电压高，(2)B1未充电，S1断开，(3)B2未供电，S4断开；此时S2接通，B1对后级供电。When the following conditions are met at the same time: (1) B1 voltage is high, (2) B1 is not charged, S1 is disconnected, (3) B2 is not powered, S4 is disconnected; at this time, S2 is connected, and B1 supplies power to the subsequent stage.
当以下条件之一满足：(1)B1电压不高，(2)B2电压高，(3)B1充电，S1接通；此时S2断开，B1不对后级供电。When one of the following conditions is met: (1) B1 voltage is not high, (2) B2 voltage is high, (3) B1 is charged, S1 is connected; at this time, S2 is disconnected, and B1 does not supply power to the subsequent stage.
其中：逻辑符号“·”表示“逻辑与”或者“逻辑乘”，即条件同时满足时，输出才有效。Among them: the logic symbol "·" means "logic AND" or "logic multiplication", that is, the output is only valid when the conditions are met at the same time.
逻辑符号“+”表示“逻辑或”或者“逻辑加”，即条件之一得到满足时，输出就有效。The logic symbol "+" means "logical or" or "logical addition", that is, when one of the conditions is met, the output is valid.
对正极性输出电路而言，总体上保证S1、S2不同时接通，S3、S4不同时接通，S1、S3不同时接通，S2、S4可以同时接通。For the positive polarity output circuit, it is generally guaranteed that S1 and S2 are not connected at the same time, S3 and S4 are not connected at the same time, and S1 and S3 are not connected at the same time, but S2 and S4 can be connected at the same time.
实施例2Example 2
如图2所示，第一直流电池B3和第二直流电池B4均为负极性输出，充电选择电路包括均连接充电电路输出的并联的充电开关S5和充电开关S7，充电开关S5连接二极管D5的阴极，二极管D5的阳极连接第一直流电池B3的负极和供电开关S6的一端，供电开关S6的另端连接二极管D6的阴极，二极管D6的阳极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C3的负极，电解电容C3的正极接地；第一直流电池的正极接地。充电开关S7连接二极管D7的阴极，二极管D7的阳极连接第二直流电池B4的负极和供电开关S8的一端，供电开关S8的另端连接二极管D8的阴极，二极管D8的阳极连接线性电压调整电路的输入端和电解电容C3的负极；第二直流电池的正极接地。二极管D6、D8和电解电容C3用于保证输出电能的平滑供应，防止2个电压不同的直流电池之间的电能转移；As shown in Figure 2, both the first DC battery B3 and the second DC battery B4 have negative polarity outputs, and the charging selection circuit includes a parallel charging switch S5 and a charging switch S7 connected to the output of the charging circuit, and the charging switch S5 is connected to the diode D5 The cathode of the diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the negative pole of the first DC battery B3 and one end of the power supply switch S6, the other end of the power supply switch S6 is connected to the cathode of the diode D6, and the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the input end of the linear voltage adjustment circuit and the electrolytic capacitor The negative pole of C3 and the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3 are grounded; the positive pole of the first DC battery is grounded. The charging switch S7 is connected to the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of the diode D7 is connected to the negative pole of the second DC battery B4 and one end of the power supply switch S8, the other end of the power supply switch S8 is connected to the cathode of the diode D8, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected to the linear voltage adjustment circuit. The negative pole of the input terminal and the electrolytic capacitor C3; the positive pole of the second DC battery is grounded. Diodes D6, D8 and electrolytic capacitor C3 are used to ensure the smooth supply of output power and prevent the transfer of power between two DC batteries with different voltages;
控制电路通过监测充电开关S5和充电开关S7处的电流获取充电状态，并通过控制充电开关S5和充电开关S7启闭选择为第一直流电池B3或第二直流电池B4充电，通过监测供电开关S6和供电开关S8处的电流获取供电状态，并通过控制供电开关S6和供电开关S8启闭选择为第一直流电池B3或第二直流电池B4供电。The control circuit obtains the charging state by monitoring the current at the charging switch S5 and the charging switch S7, and selects to charge the first DC battery B3 or the second DC battery B4 by controlling the opening and closing of the charging switch S5 and the charging switch S7, and monitors the power supply switch The current at S6 and the power supply switch S8 obtains the power supply state, and selects to supply power to the first DC battery B3 or the second DC battery B4 by controlling the power supply switch S6 and the power supply switch S8 to turn on and off.
本实施例的控制原理与实施例1类同。The control principle of this embodiment is similar to that of Embodiment 1.
本发明线性调节电路通过连接供电选择电路输出的LM78/LM79系列串联稳压芯片来获取固定电压输出，通过连接稳压芯片输出端的电解电容C1/C3来保证供电电路切换的短时间内电压稳定输出。The linear regulation circuit of the present invention obtains a fixed voltage output by connecting the LM78/LM79 series voltage regulator chip output by the power supply selection circuit, and ensures stable voltage output within a short period of time when the power supply circuit is switched by connecting the electrolytic capacitor C1/C3 at the output end of the voltage regulator chip. .
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