CN104165644B - The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy - Google Patents
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104165644B CN104165644B CN201410464571.0A CN201410464571A CN104165644B CN 104165644 B CN104165644 B CN 104165644B CN 201410464571 A CN201410464571 A CN 201410464571A CN 104165644 B CN104165644 B CN 104165644B
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Abstract
The invention provides the pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy, relate to distributed sensor or method and technology field.It is that key position is serially connected with fiber grating on sensor fibre, utilizes the characteristic that fiber grating back reflected laser is identical with backward Brillouin scattering light direction, luminous power difference is big, it is thus achieved that the reflection event of fiber grating；By the reflection peak of fiber grating in test Brillouin scattering spectrum as location marking tools, realize the determination to stop position, accurately determined the locus of structural information catastrophic event again by structural information catastrophic event with the relative position of stop position, thus realize being accurately positioned of full distributed Brillouin sensing test.The present invention is capable of being accurately positioned of structure mutation location, and scientific in principle, application simplicity, it is possible to actual application in Fibre Optical Sensor field tests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed sensor or method and technology field.
Background technology
In multi-sensor Information Fusion System, through frequently with centralized and distributed two kinds of structures.In centralized data
In fusion structure, sensor information is sent directly to data fusion center and processes, and has the advantage that information loss is little, but counts
The highest according to interconnection complexity, poor reliability, calculating and communication resource requirements.And in distributed fusion structure, each sensor
Himself information can be independently processed from, afterwards each result of decision is delivered to data fusion center, then merge.Along with communication skill
Developing rapidly with increasingly mature of art, embedding assembly technology and sensor technology, has perception, computing capability and communicates
The microsensor of ability starts application.Distributed sensor networks (Distributed Sensor Network, DSN) becomes
For in recent years important field of research.
The full distributed sensing of Brillouin is to utilize the Brillouin scattering that in optical fiber, the effect of phonon and lightwave system produces
Realize the full distributed measurement of structure.Optical fiber Brillouin sensing has full size seriality, distance, Large Copacity, low cost, net
The advantage such as network intellectuality, electromagnetism interference, volume are little, lightweight, is the Fibre Optical Sensor measuring technology of current great development prospect,
To have broad application prospects in Fibre Optical Sensor field tests.
In the full distributed sensing technology of Brillouin, most important technology is exactly Brillouin's time-domain analysis technology (BOTDA).
This technology is obtained by the luminous power and the time used by return signal that transmits signals to measuring backscattering Reyleith scanttering light in optical fiber
The space length of optical fiber.Distance, super distributed are the outstanding advantages of Brillouin sensing method of testing, but owing to optical fiber is to temperature
With strain sensitivity, the length of optical fiber, along with temperature, strain or the change of other parameters extraneous, is surveyed by Brillouin sensing time domain
Method for testing obtain spatial position data also can change, cause structure same position and in different environments, test
Position data really differ very big, thus cause structural mutation event to be accurately positioned.Owing to structural mutation position cannot be realized
Put pinpoint characteristic, have a strong impact on it and apply at sensory field of optic fibre.Therefore it is badly in need of one to realize Brillouin and entirely divide
The localization method of cloth sensing testing.
About the method for fiber orientation, universal method is in the world: by arranging one section in fibre circuit not with environment
One section of optical fiber of the external information such as temperature, strain change, obtains this section of optical fiber before and after change by Brillouin's spectral contrast
Position, and then determine structure mutation location.But, the method in engineer applied, due to:Harsh to environmental requirement；
Cannot determine the size that length changes, therefore Brillouin's spectral contrast searches complicated difficulty；For heavy construction structure, by
Big in laying optical fiber scope, the fiber lengths change of different parts, need to lay substantial amounts of contrast fiber segment, for engineer applied
For difficulty especially, therefore to be dfficult to apply to again engineering actual for this kind of localization method.Up to now, the most do not find one permissible
Realize Brillouin's full distributed sensing testing structure pinpoint method of mutated site, therefore have a strong impact on Brillouin's super distributed
The application in Fibre Optical Sensor field tests of the formula sensing.Drawbacks described above or deficiency become for a long time people always want solve and
Do not give a technical barrier of solution.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that and be to provide the pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing test of a kind of energy
Method, the method is to use when environmental information such as temperature, strain etc. change, by the reflection light of fiber grating as space bit
The indicator put, and utilize the fiber grating principle of invariance with structural information catastrophic event locus to realize the essence of structure
Determine that position, this method are capable of being accurately positioned of structure mutation location, and scientific in principle, easy to use, it is possible to pass at optical fiber
Actual application in sense field tests.
The technical scheme is that the pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy, its
It is characterised by: the key position on sensor fibre is serially connected with fiber grating, utilizes fiber grating back reflected laser and backward cloth
In deep pool scattered light direction is identical, luminous power difference is big characteristic, it is thus achieved that the reflection event of fiber grating；By test, Brillouin dissipates
Penetrate the fiber grating reflection peak in light spectrum as location marking tools, it is achieved the determination to stop position, then believed by structure
Breath catastrophic event accurately determines the locus of structural information catastrophic event with the relative position of stop position, it is achieved full distributed
Being accurately positioned of Brillouin sensing test；
Preferably, the key position on sensor fibre concatenates at least 2 fiber gratings (with certain length separation
Can also position, it is desirable that minimum arrange two such measure time have reference), including fiber grating 1 and fiber grating 2, work as example
Such as temperature, when the external environment such as strain changes, the locus of Brillouin's test of described fiber grating 1 changes from L1
To L2；The locus of the test of described fiber grating 2 changes to L4 from L3；At this time such as fruit structure, abrupt change of information thing occurs
Part, is L6 by the locus of Brillouin's waving map, if external environment does not changes, position originally is L5, profit
By the principle of invariance of grating with structural information mutated site change longitudinal separation, L6 L 2 or L4 L6 is exactly and optical fiber light
The relative position of grid, i.e. by fiber grating position data before and after environmental change, the sky of precisive structural mutation event
Between relative position, it is achieved achieve full distributed while full distributed sensing measurement structural strain or other physical parameters measurements
Being accurately positioned of Brillouin sensing test.
Preferably, the selection of the wavelength of described fiber grating is avoided using the grating with BOTDA light source phase co-wavelength；With
Time, the wavelength of fiber grating not from BOTDA optical source wavelength too away from.
Preferably, the reflectance of described fiber grating selects the reflected optical power making grating less than BOTDA tester
The detection of optical power upper limit of device is advisable.
Preferably, described fiber grating uses single-mode fiber.
Preferably, described single-mode fiber uses Bragg grating.It is alternatively other type grating, sharp-pointed anti-to obtain
Penetrating spectrum is target.
Preferably, described fiber grating lays interval will be with fiber lengths change in laying optical fiber grating less than positioning accurate
Degree is advisable.
The fiber grating positioning principle of the present invention is: utilize fiber grating (FBG) back reflected laser to dissipate with backward Brillouin
Penetrate the characteristic that light direction is identical, luminous power difference is big, can clearly obtain the reflection event of fiber grating, by test Brillouin
The luminous power of the fiber grating reflection peak in scattered light spectrum realizes the determination to stop position, by structural information catastrophic event
Relative position with stop position accurately determines the locus of structural information catastrophic event.
The positive effect of the present invention is: the present invention solves people for a long time and wants to solve and fail always very well always
The technical barrier that ground solves, it is possible to realize being accurately positioned of structure mutation location, and scientific in principle, easy to use, lay simplicity,
Can practice in engineering, it is possible to make the full distributed sensing testing of Brillouin be applied to Fibre Optical Sensor field tests
In, efficiently solve become for a long time people always want solve and unsolved technical barrier.
It is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the positioning principle figure of the inventive method fiber grating.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the sensor fibre of the band fiber grating of application in the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the inventive method fiber grating Brillouin's loss power collection of illustrative plates at different temperatures.
Fig. 4～Fig. 6 is present invention location Data Comparison figure under different temperatures, different test space resolution, wherein:
Fig. 4 is the present invention [(a) 5.1 DEG C, (b) 25.8 DEG C, (c) 45.8 DEG C] and the 20cm test space at different temperatures
The space orientation datagram of resolution；
Fig. 5 is the present invention [(a) 5.1 DEG C, (b) 25.8 DEG C, (c) 45.8 DEG C] and the 50cm test space at different temperatures
The space orientation datagram of resolution；
Fig. 6 is the present invention [(a) 5.1 DEG C, (b) 25.8 DEG C, (c) 45.8 DEG C] and the 100cm test space at different temperatures
The space orientation datagram of resolution.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
See Fig. 1～Fig. 6.This energy pinpoint Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing, its feature exists
In key position concatenated fiber grating on sensor fibre, as position indicator, utilize fiber grating back reflected laser with
The characteristic that backward Brillouin scattering light direction is identical, luminous power difference is big, it is thus achieved that the reflection event of fiber grating；By test cloth
In the reflection peak of deep pool scattered light spectroscopic fibers grating realize determination to stop position, then by structural information catastrophic event and light
The relative position of grid position accurately determines the locus of structural information catastrophic event, thus realizes full distributed Brillouin sensing
Being accurately positioned of test.The selection of the wavelength of described fiber grating is avoided using the grating with BOTDA light source phase co-wavelength；With
Time, the wavelength of fiber grating not from BOTDA optical source wavelength too away from.The reflectance of described fiber grating selects to make the reflection of grating
Light is less than the detection of optical power upper limit of BOTDA test instrunment.Described fiber grating uses single-mode fiber.Described single-mode optics
Fine use Bragg grating.
Method particularly includes: described fiber grating at least includes fiber grating 1 and fiber grating 2, described fiber grating 1
Brillouin test locus change to L2 from L1；The locus of the test of described fiber grating 2 changes to from L3
L4；At this time such as fruit structure, abrupt change of information event occurs, be L6 by the locus of Brillouin's waving map, if extraneous ring
Border does not changes, and position originally is L5, utilizes grating former with the invariance of structural information mutated site change longitudinal separation
Reason, L6 L 2 or L4 L6 is exactly the relative position with fiber grating, i.e. by grating position data before and after environmental change,
The relative space position (such as Fig. 1) of precisive structural mutation event, can realize full distributed sensing measurement structural strain (temperature
Degree) or other physical parameters measurements while achieve full distributed Brillouin sensing test be accurately positioned.
In order to ensure the feasibility that experimental verification fiber grating positions, the sensor fibre of band fiber grating, optical fiber are made
Comprising three gratings in string, performance parameter see table 1.
TableFiber grating performance parameter
| Wavelength (nm) | Reflectance (%) | Bandwidth (nm) | Grating spacings (m) |
| 1514.80,1519.79,1524.8 | 90.98,90.68, 89.50 | 0.22,0.23,0.22 | 8.015,8.01m |
From table 2 and Fig. 3 it will be seen that variations in temperature 40 DEG C, the change in location of grating about 30cm, this shows 1km's
Optic fibre environment variations in temperature 40 DEG C, length changes 30cm.And in engineer applied, the length of optical fiber is generally tens kilometers,
Environmental change 40 DEG C, length changes tens of rice.Meanwhile, different fiber lengths, the length of change is the most different, and change
Length also has much relations, different fiber optic protection layers with the protective layer of outside of fiber, and length change is also different, and this is also to engineering
Application brings challenge greatly.It is held essentially constant from the point of view of the relative position of grating from grating, and is measured by ruler
Grating spacings is compared, and positioning precision is about 4cm.
The spatial position change testing the fiber grating under different temperatures see table 2 and Fig. 3.Can be obvious from Fig. 3
See there are three crests, the most corresponding three gratings.Along with the rising of ambient temperature, the locus (test of BOTDA of grating
Result) become larger.
TableFiber grating space orientation data
From Fig. 4～Fig. 6 it will be seen that the location of location data at different temperatures, different test space resolution
Error about 10cm, position error is with temperature, it doesn't matter substantially for spatial resolution.This means that if divided with bigger space
Distinguishing measurement, the position error of this method also will not occur the biggest change.
Assuming that extraneous input signal is z., sensor output signal y. is input to local detectors.Local detectors according to
Y. result, uses corresponding decision rule to make local decision u, and data fusion center is determined each local detectors received
Plan u, as its observation.Owing to being statistical iteration to the observation of each sensor, assume do not have between each local detectors simultaneously
Have data interaction, then local decision is also statistical iteration.According to classical inference theory, fusion center can get one based on many
The joint probability density function of sensor decision-making, then makes last decision-making u by certain criterion.I.e. one distributed multi-sensor
Device system includes a series of sensor node and corresponding processing unit, and connects the communication network of different processing units.Often
Individual processing unit connects one or more sensors, and data are sent to the processing unit being attached thereto from sensor, single processing
Data integration is carried out at Yuan.Finally, processing unit mutually merges to obtain the optimal evaluation to environment.Due to Brillouin's super distributed
Each structure mutation location can be accomplished to be accurately positioned by formula sensing testing, therefore last processing unit mutually merges to obtain environment
Optimal evaluation be also accurate.
The present invention is applicable not only to BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing, to other full distributed sensing testings
Method all can play reference function.
The inventive method can not only be applied to sensory field of optic fibre, it is also possible to applies and needs in the communications field to be accurately positioned
Occasion.
A shear deformation on the inventive method principle basis, replacement etc., within the scope of broadly falling into the Protection Code of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an energy pinpoint Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing, it is characterised in that: on sensor fibre
Key position be serially connected with fiber grating, utilize that fiber grating back reflected laser is identical with backward Brillouin scattering light direction, light
The characteristic that power difference is big, it is thus achieved that the reflection event of fiber grating；By the fiber grating in test Brillouin scattering spectrum
Reflection peak realizes the determination to stop position, is more accurately determined with the relative position of stop position by structural information catastrophic event
The locus of structural information catastrophic event, it is achieved being accurately positioned of full distributed Brillouin sensing test；
Key position on sensor fibre is with certain length separation at least 2 fiber gratings of concatenation, including fiber grating 1 He
Fiber grating 2, when external environment changes, the locus of Brillouin's test of described fiber grating 1 changes from L1
To L2；The locus of the test of described fiber grating 2 changes to L4 from L3；At this time such as fruit structure, abrupt change of information thing occurs
Part, is L6 by the locus of Brillouin's waving map, if external environment does not changes, position originally is L5, profit
By the principle of invariance of grating with structural information mutated site change longitudinal separation, L6 L 2 or L4 L6 is exactly and optical fiber light
The relative position of grid, i.e. by fiber grating position data before and after environmental change, the sky of precisive structural mutation event
Between relative position, it is achieved achieve full distributed while full distributed sensing measurement structural strain or other physical parameters measurements
Being accurately positioned of Brillouin sensing test.
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: the wavelength of described fiber grating selects to avoid using the grating with BOTDA light source phase co-wavelength；Meanwhile, optical fiber light
The wavelength of grid not from BOTDA optical source wavelength too away from.
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: the reflectance of described fiber grating selects the reflected optical power the making grating detection less than BOTDA test instrunment
The luminous power upper limit.
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described fiber grating uses single-mode fiber.
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy the most according to claim 4, it is special
Levy and be: described single-mode fiber uses Bragg grating.
The pinpoint Brillouin's distributed optical fiber sensing method of testing of a kind of energy the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described fiber grating lays interval with the change of laying optical fiber grating intermediate fibres length less than positioning precision.
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| US7199869B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2007-04-03 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Combined Bragg grating wavelength interrogator and Brillouin backscattering measuring instrument |
| CN101245990B (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2010-07-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Full-dimension distributed and partial high-precision co-linear optical fiber sensing method |
| CN102353339A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-02-15 | 天津大学 | Optical time domain reflection (OTDR)-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structure damage detection system having single-fiber single-ended structure |
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