CN104165495B - 富氧助燃技术新工艺 - Google Patents

富氧助燃技术新工艺 Download PDF

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CN104165495B
CN104165495B CN201410255633.7A CN201410255633A CN104165495B CN 104165495 B CN104165495 B CN 104165495B CN 201410255633 A CN201410255633 A CN 201410255633A CN 104165495 B CN104165495 B CN 104165495B
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王淑华
杨正军
蔡晖
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Hangzhou special energy technology development Co., Ltd.
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Industrial Gases Technology (hangzhou) Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04533Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及空气分离富氧领域,具体地涉及一种富氧助燃技术新工艺,以空气为原料,其特征在于分子筛净化空气、采用返流膨胀单塔制富氧。本工艺流程能耗低,工艺设备少,富氧出产品压力大,运行稳定,杂质含量少,回收大量的纯氮气和液氮的产品,经济价值仅副产品可两年回收成本。

Description

富氧助燃技术新工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及空气分离富氧领域,具体地涉及一种富氧助燃技术新工艺。
背景技术
传统上的燃烧过程大都是基于空气为氧化剂来源的热工过程,常规燃烧方式助燃空气仅21%的氧气参与燃烧过程,而空气中的79%的氮气不但不帮助燃烧,反而吸收了大量的燃烧反应放出的热量,并作为烟气排出,造成燃料的很大浪费。
随着助燃技术的不断提高,人们发现采用富氧作为氧化剂来源较传统的燃烧过程更节能环保:富氧环境下,燃料在最短的时间内迅速燃尽,最大可能的、充分的释放出所有的热量,提高了燃料的燃尽率,减少燃料的热损失,节约了燃料,同时,富氧燃烧环境能有效的提高燃料系统的升温速率而节能。
研究发现,火焰温度随助燃空气的含氧量的增加而增加,当含氧量少于30%时,火焰温度上升很快;当含氧量大于30%时,火焰温度上升缓慢,一般含氧量控制在30%左右为助燃效果最佳。
目前工业富氧制备方法主要是分离空气,应用最广泛的是低温精馏法,其次还有膜分离法。
201110096197.X公开了一种低压富氧空气分离工艺,他们的流程是双塔正流膨胀制取富氧工艺,富氧纯度在80%-95%的O2,在应用时仍需和空气混合后才能使用,这样带来的缺点:一是空分装置提取的高纯度氧气90%,产品纯度相对较高,成本高,实际应用时需要再增加混配系统才能达到富氧比例,增加投资成本;二是在混配过程中,富氧纯度不宜控制,容易发生炉体烧毁等安全事故。
采用的膜分离制取富氧技术存在的问题和缺陷:一是能耗指标比新工艺高30%到60%;二是富氧助燃压力低;三是长期稳定运行的稳定性不足;四是膜更换成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能耗低、有副产品回收以及产品可直接提供用户使用的富氧助燃技术的新工艺。
本发明的技术方案如下:
富氧助燃技术新工艺,以空气为原料,其特征在于分子筛净化空气、采用返流膨胀单塔制富氧,采用以下流程步骤:
(1).原料空气经过滤器去除灰尘和机械杂质后,进入透平空气压缩机,将空气压缩到约0.4-0.6MPaA。
(2).饱和的压缩空气经空气预冷系统冷却至8-10℃后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器,原料空气中的水分、CO2、C2H2等物质被分子筛吸附而去除。
(3).经步骤(2)净化后的加工空气,其中一小部分被抽出作为仪表空气,其余空气进入主换热器,被返流的富氧空气、纯氮气冷却到饱和温度并带有一定的含湿后进入精馏塔底部参与精馏。
(4).空气经精馏后在塔顶获得带压氮气和液氮:
①从塔顶抽出的氮气分成两股,一股直接进入主换热器,经部分复热后进入膨胀机膨胀,为装置提供冷量,另一股氮气经过冷器换热、节流后汇同膨胀后的氮气一起进主换热器复热后出冷箱,作为纯氮气副产品。
②从塔顶获得的液氮,直接导出成为液氮副产品。
(5).空气经精馏后从塔底部获得富氧液空,经过冷器一定程度的过冷、节流后进入塔顶冷凝蒸发器作为冷源;从塔顶抽出含氧36%的富氧空气经过冷器、主换热器复热后作为产品,最后产品约12℃,2.01BarA。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
在整个工艺流程中,从塔顶抽出的氮气分两路返流,一路经过主换热器的部分复热进入膨胀机为富氧工艺提供冷量,另一路则通过过冷器制冷后进入主换热器,用来降低新进入工艺流程的空气;塔底的富氧液空在经过过冷器后节流进入塔顶作为冷凝蒸发器提供冷量冷源,经蒸发后抽出返回过冷器制冷,再进入主换热器同返流氮气一块冷却新进入工艺流程的空气。这整个过程中,在减少工艺设备的同时,充分利用了分离得到的产品实现工艺流程内部循环,运行稳定,以满足工艺流程的冷量,同时,该工艺还回收大量的氮气和液氮副产品。
由于客户对富氧纯度的要求是有变化的,生产的富氧纯度应略高于供客户直接使用的纯度,该富氧设备还配置有相应的富氧空气和空气的混合装置,以满足不同客户对富氧浓度的需要。
总的来说,即归纳为5点:
1.能耗仅有0.1到0.2KW/M3.H,比现在膜法0.3KW/M3.H低30%到60%;
2.富氧出产品压力可大于1BAR(G),现在膜法仅0.1BAR(G);
3.本发明可连续运行周期在两年以上,运行稳定,杂质含量更少;
4.备品备件少;
5.有副产品氮气及纯液氮,经济价值仅副产品可两年回收成本。
附图说明:
图1是本发明富氧工艺流程示意图。
其中,1.空气;2.过滤器;3.空气压缩机;4.预冷系统;5.分子筛吸附器;6.主换热器;7.膨胀机;8.精馏塔;9.富氧液空;901.富氧空气;10.过冷器;11.氮气;12.液氮;13.冷凝蒸发器;14.仪表;15.限流阀;16.冷箱。
具体实施例
富氧助燃技术新工艺,以空气为原料,分子筛净化空气、采用返流膨胀单塔制富氧,流程步骤为:
(1).原料空气1经过滤器2去除灰尘和机械杂质后,进入透平空气压缩机3,将空气1压缩到约0.4~0.6MPa;
(2).饱和的压缩空气1经空气预冷系统4冷却至8℃~10℃后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器5,原料空气中的水分、CO2、C2H2等物质被分子筛吸附而去除;
(3).经步骤(2)净化后的加工空气,其中一小部分被抽出作为仪表14空气,其余空气进入主换热器6,被返流的富氧空气9、纯氮气11冷却到饱和温度并带有一定的含湿后进入精馏塔8底部参与精馏。
(4).在精馏塔8顶获得带压氮气11和液氮12;
从塔顶抽出的氮气11分成两股,一股直接进入主换热器6,经部分复热至约157℃后进入膨胀机7膨胀,为装置提供冷量,另一股氮气经过冷器10换热、节流后汇同膨胀后的氮气一起进主换热器6复热后出冷箱16,成为副产品----纯氮气11;
从塔顶获得的液氮,直接导出成为副产品----液氮12。
(5).从精馏塔8底部获得富氧液空9,经过冷器10过冷至约-183℃、节流后进入塔顶冷凝蒸发器13作为冷源;从塔顶抽出含氧36%的富氧空气9经过冷器10、主换热器6复热后作为产品,最后产品约12℃,2.01BarA。
由于客户对富氧纯度的要求是有变化的,生产的富氧纯度略高于供客户直接使用的纯度,可以与该富氧设备配置相应的富氧空气和空气的混合装置,以满足不同客户对富氧浓度的需要。
上述技术方案仅体现了本发明的优选实施方式,不能理解为对本发明准许范围的限制,凡根据本发明做出的变形和改进,均属于本发明保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.富氧助燃技术新工艺,以空气为原料,其特征在于分子筛净化空气、采用返流膨胀单塔制富氧,具体采用以下流程步骤:
(1).原料空气经过滤器去除灰尘和机械杂质后,进入透平空气压缩机,将空气压缩到0.4~0.6Mpa;
(2).饱和的压缩空气经空气预冷系统冷却后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器,原料空气中的水分、CO2和C2H2被分子筛吸附而去除;
(3).经步骤(2)净化后的加工空气,其中一小部分被抽出作为仪表空气,其余空气经过主换热器,被返流的富氧空气、纯氮气冷却到饱和温度并带有一定的含湿后进入精馏塔底部参与精馏;
(4).空气经精馏塔精馏后在塔顶获得氮气和液氮,在塔底获得富氧液空;
(5).在精馏塔顶获得带压氮气和液氮:
①从塔顶抽出的氮气分成两股,一股直接进入主换热器,经部分复热后进入膨胀机膨胀,为装置提供冷量,另一股氮气经过冷器换热、节流后汇同膨胀后的氮气一起进主换热器复热后出冷箱,成为副产品——纯氮气;
②从塔顶获得的液氮,直接导出成为副产品——液氮;
(6).从精馏塔底部获得富氧液空,经过冷器过冷、节流后进入塔顶冷凝蒸发器作为冷源,从塔顶抽出富氧空气经过冷器、主换热器复热后作为产品----含36%O2的富氧空气。
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CN104807290A (zh) * 2015-04-29 2015-07-29 河南开元空分集团有限公司 单塔双返流膨胀制取低压氮气的装置和方法
CN104807291B (zh) * 2015-05-21 2017-03-29 杭州特盈能源技术发展有限公司 一体化制备浮法玻璃窑炉氮气保护和全氧燃烧用氮气和氧气的装置和方法
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CN107062802A (zh) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-18 杭州特盈能源技术发展有限公司 一种窑炉用低压富氧制取装置和方法

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CN103148676A (zh) * 2013-01-27 2013-06-12 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置

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