CN104164537B - Vacuum refining physical simulation experiment method and device in a kind of steelmaking process - Google Patents
Vacuum refining physical simulation experiment method and device in a kind of steelmaking process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104164537B CN104164537B CN201410426265.8A CN201410426265A CN104164537B CN 104164537 B CN104164537 B CN 104164537B CN 201410426265 A CN201410426265 A CN 201410426265A CN 104164537 B CN104164537 B CN 104164537B
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Abstract
The invention provides vacuum refining physical simulation experiment method and device in a kind of steelmaking process, method comprises: set up analogue means according to RH equipment for vacuum refining to be measured; Operation analogue means, and in analogue means, add trace particle; Utilize laser illumination down-comer vertical cross-section; Utilize camera to take continuously the vertical cross-section of laser illumination; The fluid velocity that generates vertical cross-section according to the shooting time of the displacement of trace particle in measurement image and trace particle distributes; The fluid velocity in different vertical cross section is carried out to matching and integration, obtain the circular flow of RH. By add trace particle in analogue means, and utilize Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation vertical cross-section, utilize camera to take pictures continuously, obtain the displacement of trace particle and the fluid velocity distribution of time generation vertical cross-section, obtain the circular flow of RH through over-fitting and integration, not only improve the certainty of measurement of the fluid velocity in cross section, and reduced the impact on measurement model flow field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vacuum refining physical simulation experiment field in field of steel-making, relate in particular to vacuum in steelmaking processRefining physics analog measurement method and device.
Background technology
At present, the main method that RH physical analogy circular flow is measured is divided into direct method and indirect method, and direct method mainly containsTwo kinds of flow limit method and presss over system, it is several that indirect method mainly contains Pitot tube, trace method, current meter velocimetry, ultrasonic flowmeter etc.Method. Flow limit method and press over system can be measured the circular flow of RH very accurately, but the shortcoming of these two kinds of methods is to have changed steelThe flow field of molten steel in bag, is not suitable for the test of simultaneously considering that in model, mobility status is measured again circular flow. Pitot tube method is logicalCross the pressure differential of measuring hydrodynamic and static pressure and measure flow velocity, principle is simple, cost is lower, when measurement to model flow fieldAffect very little, RH physical analogy circular flow measure in use more. But while using Pitot tube to measure RH circular flow, examinationThe stability of testing result is bad, error ratio is larger. The error that trace method is measured RH circular flow is large. Current meter velocimetry isIntelligent velocity instrument and flow velocity rotating plasma sensor are put in water, therefore also can produce certain influence by stream field. Ultrasonic flowmeterBe a kind of measuring method that does not change model flow field, but this method is to measuring pipe with small pipe diameter, particularly error when low dischargeGreatly.
Particle imaging test the speed (Particle Image Velocimetry, be called for short PIV) be a kind of transient state, multiple spot,Touchless laser current mechanics speed-measuring method. PIV has exceeded the limitation of Single-point velocity determination technology, can be in same transient recordingVelocity profile information in lower a large amount of spatial point, and abundant flow field space structure and flow behavior can be provided. PIV passes throughMeasure the instantaneous velocity that the displacement of trace particle in known very short time interval measure flow field indirectly and distribute, all measurementsInstall and stay out of flow field, there is higher certainty of measurement.
This FLOW VISUALIZATION technology that the seventies grows up in last century of PIV, has nowadays become people to relating toThe capable scientific research instrument of hydromechanical subjects, as in water hole, various water and the sky such as wind-tunnel, engine, pipeline, riverIn gas, carry out lot of experiments research. In the water analogue test of field of steel-making, also there is more application, but research at presentMainly concentrate on the flow field survey of crystallizer, tundish, utilize PIV to measure circular flow the beyond example of RH.
Summary of the invention
Produce and disturb not in order to overcome the poor or stream field of existing RH physical analogy circular flow measuring method certainty of measurementFoot, the invention provides vacuum refining physical analogy measuring method and device in a kind of steelmaking process, have do not disturb tested flow field,The feature that certainty of measurement is high.
The invention provides a kind of vacuum refining physical simulation experiment method in steelmaking process, described method comprises:
Set up analogue means according to RH equipment for vacuum refining to be measured;
Operation analogue means, and in analogue means, add trace particle;
Vertical cross-section is chosen in measuring position at analogue means, utilizes vertical cross-section described in laser illumination;
Utilize camera to take continuously the vertical cross-section of laser illumination, generate measurement image;
The trace particle of identification in measurement image, according to the displacement of trace particle in measurement image and trace particleThe fluid velocity that shooting time generates vertical cross-section distributes;
Fluid velocity to different vertical kernel of section At The Height carries out matching and integration, obtains the circular flow of RH.
Preferably, describedly set up analogue means according to RH equipment for vacuum refining to be measured, comprising:
Adopt lucite according to the ratio making RH physical model of model and prototype 1: N, wherein 2≤N≤10, and veryEmpty down-comer outside, chamber and ladle outside install water box additional;
Described operation analogue means, and in analogue means, add trace particle, comprising:
Add ladle by grains dedicatedly appropriate PIV stirring, after wetting in water, regulate feeder with vavuum pump with controlAir-blowing quantity and rate of air sucked in required, make the circulation of RH physical model reach stable;
Vertical cross-section is chosen in the described measuring position at analogue means, utilizes vertical cross-section described in laser illumination, comprising:
In ladle, add the water of scheduled volume, regulate vavuum pump to make pressure in vacuum chamber reach prototype respective value, water boxInside be full of water, start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source lens group, makes sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation decline at RHManage a certain vertical cross-section, scaling board or ruler are placed in this vertical plane, i.e. sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation region, opens shooting mouldFormula, regulates focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, makes in picture scaling board or ruler scale show and reaches the most clear, even CCD cameraOn the vertical cross-section that focusing is irradiated at sheet laser;
The described camera that utilizes is taken continuously to the vertical cross-section of laser illumination, generates measurement image, comprises;
By programmable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and the CCD camera of built-in computer, serialograph,Generate measurement image;
Trace particle in described identification measurement image, according to the displacement of trace particle in measurement image and spike grainThe fluid velocity that the shooting time of son generates vertical cross-section distributes, and comprising:
Utilize PIV image data processing system, calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, be this down-comer and hang downThe fluid velocity of straightforward face distributes;
The described fluid velocity to different vertical kernel of section At The Height carries out matching and integration, obtains the circular flow of RHAmount, comprising:
According to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, if obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross sectionThe fluid velocity of doing, utilizes Matlab mathematical software, adopts fitting of a polynomial fluid velocity curved surface and obtains fitting surface letterNumber, by this software programming program, calculates the integration of down-comer fluid velocity inside, is further converted to the circular flow of RH.
Preferably, described water box is the cuboid tank of the upper end open of lucite making, is installed in CCD camera instituteTake the cylinder outside of fluid mass.
Preferably, described laser is 532nm green glow, this laser peak energy 400mJ/Pulse.
Preferably, described PIV is grains dedicated is the hollow glass ball of diameter 50 μ m.
Preferably, described CCD camera is that the water box seeing through outside down-comer is taken.
Preferably, described down-comer different vertical cross section is
Choose down-comer cross section to both sides until down-comer border from selected vertical cross-section according to a determining deviation.
The invention provides vacuum refining physical simulation experiment analogue means in a kind of steelmaking process, described device comprises simulationDevice and particle imaging speed measuring device; Described analogue means comprises ladle, vacuum chamber, and feeder, vavuum pump, U-tube manometer,Ladle water box, down-comer, down-comer water box; Described ladle top is connected with the bottom of described vacuum chamber, described vacuum chamberTop links with described vavuum pump, and described feeder is connected with the sidewall of described vacuum chamber, and described ladle water box is arranged onThe sidewall outside of described ladle, described tedge and down-comer are through described vacuum chamber bottom, and described tedge tube wall is provided withPassage, described tedge is connected with the output of described feeder by described passage, and described down-comer water box is establishedPut the tube wall outside at described down-comer;
Described particle imaging speed measuring device comprises: laser power supply, and dual-cavity laser, light-conducting arm, built-in computer can be compiledJourney time controller, PIV image data processing system, CCD camera, sheet laser lens group, PIV is grains dedicated; Described laser instrumentPower supply is connected with described laser instrument, and the output of described laser instrument is connected with described light-conducting arm, the output of described light-conducting arm withDescribed sheet laser lens group connects, described PIV image data processing system and described built-in computer programmable time controllerBe connected with described CCD camera.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
In such scheme, by add trace particle in analogue means, and utilize Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation vertical cross-section, utilize phaseMachine is taken pictures continuously, obtains the displacement of trace particle and the fluid velocity distribution of time generation vertical cross-section, through intendingClose the circular flow that obtains RH with integration, not only improved the certainty of measurement of the fluid velocity in cross section, and reduced measuringThe impact of model flow field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analog measurement method flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the analogue means structure chart of RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analogue measurement device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the particle imaging speed measuring device structure chart of RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analogue measurement device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is embodiment down-comer central horizontal cross section fluid velocity inside sample point schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 1 uses Matlab mathematical software fitting result chart;
Fig. 6 is that embodiment 2 uses Matlab mathematical software fitting result chart;
Fig. 7 is that embodiment 3 uses Matlab mathematical software fitting result chart;
Fig. 8 is that embodiment 4 uses Matlab mathematical software fitting result chart.
[main element symbol description]
1, ladle;
2, vacuum chamber;
3, feeder;
4, vavuum pump;
5, ladle water box;
6, tedge;
7, down-comer;
8, down-comer water box;
9, gas flowmeter;
10, air distribution disk;
11, U-tube manometer;
12, laser power supply;
13, laser instrument;
14, light-conducting arm;
15, sheet laser lens group;
16, time controller;
17, data processor;
18, CCD camera.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and toolBody embodiment is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analog measurement method flow chart of embodiments of the invention, described sideMethod comprises:
Step 101: set up analogue means according to RH equipment for vacuum refining to be measured.
Wherein, adopt lucite to make RH physical model according to the ratio of model and prototype 1: N, wherein 2≤N≤10,And in vacuum chamber down-comer outside and ladle outside install water box additional.
Step 102: operation analogue means, and in analogue means, add trace particle.
Wherein, add ladle by grains dedicatedly appropriate PIV stirring, after wetting in water, regulate feeder and vavuum pumpTo control air-blowing quantity and rate of air sucked in required, make the circulation of RH physical model reach stable.
Step 103: vertical cross-section is chosen in the measuring position at analogue means, utilizes vertical cross-section described in laser illumination.
Wherein, in ladle, add the water of scheduled volume, regulate vavuum pump to make pressure in vacuum chamber reach prototype respective value, waterIn box, be full of water, start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source lens group, makes sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation at RHThe a certain vertical cross-section of down-comer, is placed on scaling board or ruler in this vertical plane, i.e. shooting is opened in sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation regionPattern, regulates focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, makes in picture scaling board or ruler scale show and reaches the most clear, even CCD phaseMachine is focused on the vertical cross-section irradiating at sheet laser.
Step 104: utilize camera to take continuously the vertical cross-section of laser illumination, generate measurement image.
Wherein, by programmable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and the CCD camera of built-in computer, take and shine continuouslySheet, generates measurement image.
Step 105: the trace particle of identification in measurement image, according to the displacement of trace particle in measurement image with showThe fluid velocity that the shooting time of track particle generates vertical cross-section distributes.
Wherein, utilize PIV image data processing system, calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, be under thisThe fluid velocity that falls pipe vertical cross-section distributes.
Step 106: the fluid velocity to different vertical kernel of section At The Height carries out matching and integration, obtains the circulation of RHFlow.
Wherein, according to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain down-comer central horizontal and cutIn face, the fluid velocity of some points, utilizes Matlab mathematical software, adopts fitting of a polynomial fluid velocity curved surface and obtains matchingToroidal function, by this software programming program, calculates the integration of down-comer fluid velocity inside, is further converted to the circular flow of RHAmount.
Preferably, described water box is the cuboid tank of the upper end open of lucite making, is installed in CCD camera instituteTake the cylinder outside of fluid mass.
Preferably, described laser is 532nm green glow, this laser peak energy 400mJ/Pulse.
Preferably, described PIV is grains dedicated is the hollow glass ball of diameter 50 μ m electroplates.
Preferably, described CCD camera refers to through the water box outside down-comer and takes.
Preferably, described down-comer different vertical cross section is
Choose down-comer cross section to both sides until down-comer border from selected vertical cross-section according to a determining deviation.
By add trace particle in analogue means, and utilize Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation vertical cross-section, utilize camera to carry out continuouslyTake pictures, obtain the displacement of trace particle and the fluid velocity distribution of time generation vertical cross-section, obtain through over-fitting and integrationTo the circular flow of RH, not only improve the certainty of measurement of the fluid velocity in cross section, and reduced measurement model flow fieldImpact.
As shown in Figure 2, the analogue means structure chart of RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analogue measurement device of the present invention, to be measuredDevice can be 1 with the simulation ratio of analogue means: N, 2≤N≤10. Described device comprises that analogue means and particle imaging test the speedDevice;
Described analogue means comprise ladle 1, vacuum chamber 2, feeder 3, vavuum pump 4, ladle water box 5, tedge 6,Down-comer 7 and down-comer water box 8; Described ladle 1 top is connected with the bottom of described vacuum chamber 2, described vacuum chamber 2 tops withDescribed vavuum pump 4 links, and described feeder 3 is connected with the sidewall of described vacuum chamber 2, and described ladle water box 5 is arranged on instituteThe sidewall outside of stating ladle 1, described tedge 6 and down-comer 7 are through described vacuum chamber 2 bottoms, described tedge 7 tube wall settingsHave passage, described tedge 6 is connected with the output of described feeder 3 by described passage, described down-comer water boxSon 8 is arranged on the tube wall outside of described down-comer 7.
Preferably, described analogue means also comprises: gas flowmeter 9, air distribution disk 10, U-tube manometer 11; Described gas flowAmount meter 9 and air distribution disk 10 are arranged between described tedge 6 and feeder 3, described U-tube manometer 11 and described vacuum chamber 2Connect.
Described particle imaging speed measuring device comprises: laser power supply 12, laser instrument 13, light-conducting arm 14, sheet laser lens group15, time controller 16, data processor 17 and CCD camera 18; Described laser power supply 12 is connected with described laser instrument 13, instituteThe output of stating laser instrument 13 is connected with described light-conducting arm 14, the output of described light-conducting arm 14 and described sheet laser lens group 15Connect, described data processor 17 is connected with described time controller 16 and CCD camera 18.
Preferably, described data processor is for identifying the trace particle of measurement image, according to spike in measurement imageThe displacement of particle and the shooting time of trace particle generate the mean value of the instantaneous velocity of measurement point, described instantaneous velocityMean value is the fluid velocity of measurement point.
Preferably, described data processor is also for obtaining the fluid velocity of different measuring, to different vertical kernel of sectionThe fluid velocity of At The Height carries out matching and integration, obtains the circular flow of measuring position.
In use, the down-comer of laser alignment analogue means is irradiated, CCD camera is taken, and will give birth toThe measurement data becoming is sent to data processor and processes.
The advantage of RH vacuum refining circulation of fluid analogue measurement device is;
1. simultaneously, CCD camera imaging tests the speed the trace particle in Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation fluid, in the process of measuring RH circular flowIn, avoid the flow field in RH device to produce and disturb.
2. high resolution CCD camera records twice pulse laser image in the short time, has very high certainty of measurement; CylinderShape down-comer outside installs water box additional, eliminates anaclasis to the impact of testing the speed, and further improves certainty of measurement.
3. a large amount of points in pair down-comer center cross-sectional carry out speed, use software programming integration to obtain circular flow,Result is reliable.
4. the present invention is optimized the parameters of RH circular flow physical analogy, makes simulation process more accurate,Certainty of measurement is high, and error is little.
Embodiment 1
(1) make physical model
Ladle material is lucite, and model and prototype are made according to the ratio of 1: 4. Ladle is made for lucite outwardLadle water box, fills water when measurement, in order to eliminate the refraction of ladle curved surface to light. Vacuum chamber is pressure vessel, and its material isLucite, the ratio of model and prototype is 1: 4. The top of vacuum chamber is connected with vavuum pump, and root is answered in the selection of vavuum pump modelMate according to air-blowing quantity. On the sidewall of vacuum chamber, connect U-tube manometer with flexible pipe. The down-comer of vacuum chamber is provided with down-comer water box outwardSon, the tedge even circumferential dislocation two-layer gas hole of totally 12 diameter 0.75mm of arranging. Each gas hole is connected to by flexible pipeAir distribution disk, by gas flowmeter and feeder UNICOM.
Device to be measured (prototype) can be as shown in table 1 with analogue means (model) key dimension.
Table 1 prototype and model size (mm) table of comparisons
Laser power supply control dual-cavity laser produces dipulse Nd:YAG laser, this laser peak energy 400mJ/Pulse is 532nm green glow. Import sheet laser lens group into through light-conducting arm 11, pulse laser beam is transformed to sheet beam. Wherein lightThe focusing range of beam forming device is adjustable continuously between 0.3m-2m, in PIV process of the test, can carry out by this device knob of turnThe adjusting of focal length. In down-comer, PIV grains dedicated (hollow glass balls of diameter 50 μ m electroplates) follows fluid motion closely, is swashedAfter irradiation, got off by two frame high resolution CCD cameras record. ImagerPro11M type CCD camera, is the camera of lining by line scan,Resolution ratio 4008 × 2672 pixels, Pixel Dimensions 9.0 μ m × 9.0 μ m, 5 frame/seconds of frame frequency. CCD camera is furnished with 10 nanometer bandwidth filtersMating plate, for receiving the 532nm laser of scattering of trace particle, filters veiling glare, and camera lens focal length is 50 millimeters, numerical apertureFootpath is 1.8. Laser power supply and CCD camera are regulated and controled by the programmable time controller of built-in computer, and temporal resolution canReach 10ns, the sequential time delay shake of control signal is less than 1ns.
(2) utilize PIV to demarcate a certain vertical cross-section of RH vacuum chamber down-comer
In ladle, inject 825mm water, start vavuum pump and make liquid level in vacuum chamber reach 200mm, close vavuum pump,Non-return valve remains unchanged liquid level in vacuum chamber. Start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source lens group, makesSheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation is in down-comer central vertical cross section. Ruler is placed in down-comer central vertical face, and sheet laser shinesPenetrate region. Open image pickup mode, regulate focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, make picture the most clear, even if CCD camera is focused in instituteOn the central vertical cross section of irradiating.
(3) start and regulate RH physical model to make circulation reach stable
Start feeder and regulate air-blowing quantity, making gas flowmeter registration reach 2.6m3/ h; Start vavuum pump also simultaneouslyBleeding regulating amount, makes U-tube manometer reach 3615Pa, and it is stable that mold cycle reaches.
(4) utilize PIV to measure the fluid velocity of down-comer vertical cross-section
Weigh that to get 2.0gPIV grains dedicated in the balance, in water, stir, add in ladle after wetting. By built-in computerProgrammable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and CCD camera, serialograph. Utilize PIV image data processing system,Calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, the fluid velocity that is this down-comer vertical cross-section distributes.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4), the fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes
Get a cross section in both sides, down-comer central vertical cross section every 2cm, associative operation in repeating step (2)-(4),The fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes.
(6) by integral and calculating, the data obtained is converted to circular flow
According to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross section 90The fluid velocity of individual point, as shown in Figure 4. Utilize the sftool instrument in Matlab mathematical software, adopt 5 rank fitting of a polynomialsFluid velocity curved surface, as shown in Figure 5, and obtains fitting formula f=0.3013+4.522 × 10-17x+0.01848y-0.1397x2+5.853×10-18xy-0.103y2-1.068×10-16x3+0.1834x2y+2.893×10-16xy2-0.06864y3+0.002311x4-1.563×10-17x3y+0.01313x2y2-1.084×10-17xy3+0.01224y4+4.94×10-17x5-0.05735x4y-6.904×10-17x3y2-0.006353x2y3-1.042×10-16xy4+0.009138y5。
Use Matlab mathematical software coding:
clearall
symsxy
f＝0.3013+4.522×10-17x+0.01848y-0.1397x2+5.853×10-18xy-0.103y2-1.068×10-16x3+0.1834x2y+2.893×10-16xy2-0.06864y3+0.002311x4-1.563×10-17x3y+0.01313x2y2-1.084×10-17xy3+0.01224y4+4.94×10-17x5-0.05735x4y-6.904×10-17x3y2-0.006353x2y3-1.042×10-16xy4+0.009138y5；
vpa(int(int(f,y,-sqrt(0.0066015625-x^2),sqrt(0.0066015625-x^2)),x,-0.08125,0.08125))
Obtain the integration 0.006241m of down-comer fluid velocity inside3/ s, the circular flow that is converted to RH is 83.88t/min(prototype).
Embodiment 2
Adopt technical solution of the present invention to certain 210tRH of steel mill in immersion depth 720mm, air-blowing quantity 1600NL/min (prototypeParameter) circular flow under operating mode measures, and step is:
(1) make physical model
Model and prototype are made according to the ratio of 1:5, and other experimental rig is identical with embodiment 1.
Prototype and model key dimension is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 prototype and model size (mm) table of comparisons
(2) utilize PIV to demarcate a certain vertical cross-section of RH vacuum chamber down-comer
In ladle, inject 660mm water, start vavuum pump and make liquid level in vacuum chamber reach 160mm, close vavuum pump,Non-return valve remains unchanged liquid level in vacuum chamber. Start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source lens group,Make sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation in RH down-comer central vertical cross section. Ruler is placed in down-comer central vertical face, and sheet swashsIrradiation region. Open image pickup mode, regulate focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, make picture the most clear, even the focusing of CCD cameraOn illuminated central vertical cross section.
(3) start and regulate RH physical model to make circulation reach stable
Start air compressor and regulate air-blowing quantity, making gas flowmeter registration reach 3.2m3/ h; Start vavuum pump simultaneouslyAnd bleeding regulating amount, make U-tube manometer reach 2895Pa, it is stable that mold cycle reaches.
(4) utilize PIV to measure the fluid velocity of down-comer vertical cross-section
Weigh that to get 2.0gPIV grains dedicated in the balance, in water, stir, add in ladle after wetting. By built-in computerProgrammable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and CCD camera, serialograph. Utilize PIV image data processing system,Calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, the fluid velocity that is this down-comer vertical cross-section distributes.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4), the fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes
Get a cross section in both sides, down-comer central vertical cross section every 2cm, associative operation in repeating step (2)-(4),The fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes.
(6) by integral and calculating, the data obtained is converted to circular flow
According to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross section 90The fluid velocity of individual point, as shown in Figure 4. Utilize the sftool instrument in Matlab mathematical software, adopt 5 rank fitting of a polynomial streamsBody speed curved surface, as shown in Figure 6, and obtains fitting formula
f＝0.4544-0.04378x+0.001745y-0.1221x2+0.002757xy-0.1121y2+0.03902x3+0.2238x2y+0.04369xy2-0.06796y3-0.008904x4+0.002749x3y+0.01419x2y2-0.002897xy3+0.01356y4-0.007962x5-0.07099x4y-0.01276x3y2-0.004875x2y3-0.00903xy4+0.009442y5。
Use Matlab mathematical software coding:
clearall
symsxy
f＝0.4544-0.04378x+0.001745y-0.1221x2+0.002757xy-0.1121y2+0.03902x3+0.2238x2y+0.04369xy2-0.06796y3-0.008904x4+0.002749x3y+0.01419x2y2-0.002897xy3+0.01356y4-0.007962x5-0.07099x4y-0.01276x3y2-0.004875x2y3-0.00903xy4+0.009442y5；
vpa(int(int(f,y,-sqrt(0.004225-x^2),sqrt(0.004225-x^2)),x,-0.065,0.065))
Obtain the integration 0.006028m of down-comer fluid velocity inside3/ s, the circular flow that is converted to RH is 141.53t/Min (prototype).
Embodiment 3
Adopt technical solution of the present invention research in immersion depth 400mm, air-blowing quantity 1200NL/min (former shape parameter) operating modeThe impact of lower dip pipe internal diameter on circular flow, step is:
(1) make physical model
Taking certain 210tRH of steel mill equipment for vacuum refining as prototype, set up water according to principle of similitude model and prototype according to 1:4Model, wherein down-comer internal diameter increases to 170mm, external diameter increases to 331mm, and other experimental rig is identical with embodiment 1.
Prototype and model key dimension is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 prototype and model size (mm) table of comparisons
(2) utilize PIV to demarcate a certain vertical cross-section of RH vacuum chamber down-comer
In ladle, inject 825mm water, start vavuum pump and make liquid level in vacuum chamber reach 199.2mm, close vacuumPump, non-return valve remains unchanged liquid level in vacuum chamber. Start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source camera lensGroup, makes sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation in down-comer central vertical cross section. Ruler is placed in down-comer central vertical face, and sheet swashsIrradiation region. Open image pickup mode, regulate focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, make picture the most clear, even the focusing of CCD cameraOn irradiated central vertical cross section.
(3) start and regulate RH physical model to make circulation reach stable
Start feeder and regulate air-blowing quantity, making gas flowmeter registration reach 2.6m3/ h; Start vavuum pump also simultaneouslyBleeding regulating amount, makes U-tube manometer reach 3615Pa, and it is stable that mold cycle reaches.
(4) utilize PIV to measure the fluid velocity of down-comer vertical cross-section
Weigh that to get 2.0gPIV grains dedicated in the balance, in water, stir, add in ladle after wetting. By built-in computerProgrammable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and CCD camera, serialograph. Utilize PIV image data processing system,Calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, the fluid velocity that is this down-comer vertical cross-section distributes.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4), the fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes
Get a cross section in both sides, down-comer central vertical cross section every 2cm, associative operation in repeating step (2)-(4),The fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes.
(6) by integral and calculating, the data obtained is converted to circular flow
According to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross section 90The fluid velocity of individual point, as shown in Figure 4. Utilize the sftool instrument in Matlab mathematical software, adopt 5 rank fitting of a polynomial streamsBody speed curved surface, as shown in Figure 7, and obtains fitting formula
f＝0.3237+0.01414x+0.01628y-0.1307x2+0.002286xy-0.09918y2-0.005805x3+0.1759x2y-0.01543xy2-0.0658y3+0.001446x4-0.0009229x3y+0.01281x2y2-0.0004443xy3+0.0122yx-0.000301x5-0.05515x4y+0.004821x3y2-0.006364x2y3+0.003248xy4+0.008848y5。
Use Matlab mathematical software coding:
clearall
symsxy
f＝0.3237+0.01414x+0.01628y-0.1307x2+0.002286xy-0.09918y2-0.005805x3+0.1759x2y-0.01543xy2-0.0658y3+0.001446x4-0.0009229x3y+0.01281x2y2-0.0004443xy3+0.0122y4-0.000301x5-0.05515x4y+0.004821x3y2-0.006364x2y3+0.003248xy4+0.008848y5；
vpa(int(int(f,y,-sqrt(0.007225-x^2),sqrt(0.007225-x^2)),x,-0.085,0.085))
Obtain the integration 0.00734m of down-comer fluid velocity inside3/ s, the circular flow that is converted to RH is 98.65t/min(prototype). Comparative example 1 is known, increases dip pipe internal diameter and can improve circular flow.
Embodiment 4
Adopt technical solution of the present invention research in immersion depth 400mm, air-blowing quantity 1200NL/min (former shape parameter) operating modeThe impact of lower dip pipe internal diameter on circular flow, step is:
(1) make physical model
Taking certain 210tRH of steel mill equipment for vacuum refining as prototype, set up water according to principle of similitude model and prototype according to 1:4Model, wherein down-comer internal diameter is decreased to 150mm, external diameter is decreased to 311mm, and other experimental rig is identical with embodiment 1.
Prototype and model key dimension is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 prototype and model size (mm) table of comparisons
(2) utilize PIV to demarcate a certain vertical cross-section of RH vacuum chamber down-comer
In ladle, inject 825mm water, start vavuum pump and make liquid level in vacuum chamber reach 201.4mm, close vacuumPump, non-return valve remains unchanged liquid level in vacuum chamber. Start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source camera lensGroup, makes sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation in down-comer central vertical cross section. Ruler is placed in down-comer central vertical face, and sheet swashsIrradiation region. Open image pickup mode, regulate focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, make picture the most clear, even the focusing of CCD cameraOn irradiated central vertical cross section.
(3) start and regulate RH physical model to make circulation reach stable
Start feeder and regulate air-blowing quantity, making gas flowmeter registration reach 2.6m3/ h; Start vavuum pump also simultaneouslyBleeding regulating amount, makes U-tube manometer reach 3615Pa, and it is stable that mold cycle reaches.
(4) utilize PIV to measure the fluid velocity of down-comer vertical cross-section
Weigh that to get 2.0gPIV grains dedicated in the balance, in water, stir, add in ladle after wetting. By built-in computerProgrammable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and CCD camera, serialograph. Utilize PIV image data processing system,Calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, the fluid velocity that is this down-comer vertical cross-section distributes.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4), the fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes
Get a cross section in both sides, down-comer central vertical cross section every 2cm, associative operation in repeating step (2)-(4),The fluid velocity that obtains down-comer different vertical cross section distributes.
(6) by integral and calculating, the data obtained is converted to circular flow
According to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross section 90The fluid velocity of individual point, as shown in Figure 4. Utilize the sftool instrument in Matlab mathematical software, adopt 5 rank fitting of a polynomial streamsBody speed curved surface, as shown in Figure 8, and obtains fitting formula
f＝0.5038+0.3759x+0.3748y-74.42x2-1.323xy-72.79y2-109.3x3+3043x2y-234.8xy2-799.2y3-3156x4+198.6x3y+4136x2y2+517.1xy3+6221y4-3971x5-6.603×105x4y+5.239×104x3y2-6.276×104x2y3+2.906×104xy4+7.186×104y5。
Use Matlab mathematical software coding:
clearall
symsxy
f＝0.5038+0.3759x+0.3748y-74.42x2-1.323xy-72.79y2-109.3x3+3043x2y-234.8xy2-799.2y3-3156x4+198.6x3y+4136x2y2+517.1xy3+6221y4-3971x5-6.603×105x4y+5.239×104x3y2-6.276×104x2y3+2.906×104xy4+7.186×104y5
vpa(int(int(f,y,-sqrt(0.005625-x2),sqrt(0.005625-x2)),x,-0.075,0.075))
Obtain the integration 0.005555m of down-comer fluid velocity inside3/ s, the circular flow that is converted to RH is 74.66t/min(prototype). Comparative example 1 is known, reduces dip pipe internal diameter circular flow is reduced thereupon.
Above-described embodiment is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not to embodiments of the present inventionRestriction.
Comparative example 1
Be changed to diameter 10 μ m by grains dedicated the PIV in embodiment 1 16 by diameter 50 μ m, other experimental conditions and operation andEmbodiment 1 is consistent.
Utilize the sftool instrument in Matlab mathematical software, adopt 5 rank fitting of a polynomial fluid velocity curved surfaces, and obtainFitting formula f=0.4216-6.181 × 10-15x-0.3522y-80.05x2+1.704×10-14xy-75.72y2+5.388×10-12x3+3172x2y+2.422×10-12xy2-837.8y3-2881x4-5.508×10-12x3y+4270x2y2-1.674×10- 11xy3+6303y4-9.16×10-10x5-6.866×105x4y-5.685×10-10x3y2-6.265×104x2y3-4.7×10- 10xy4+7.422×104y5。
Use Matlab mathematical software coding:
clearall
symsxy
f＝0.4216-6.181×10-15x-0.3522y-80.05x2+1.704×10-14xy-75.72y2+5.388×10-12x3+3172x2y+2.422×10-12xy2-837.8y3-2881x4-5.508×10-12x3y+4270x2y2-1.674×10- 11xy3+6303y4-9.16×10-10x5-6.866×105x4y-5.685×10-10x3y2-6.265×104x2y3-4.7×10- 10xy4+7.422×104y5
vpa(int(int(f,y,-sqrt(0.0066015625-x2),sqrt(0.0066015625-x2)),x,-0.08125,0.08125))
Obtain the integration 0.003959m of down-comer fluid velocity inside3/ s, the circular flow that is converted to RH is 53.21t/min(prototype).
Found with comparative example 1 by embodiment 1, when the grains dedicated diameter of PIV is reduced to after 10 μ m by 50 μ m, the circular flow of surveyingAmount also reduces thereupon. Because PIV particle is less, its motion state of more difficult seizure, measured fluid velocity is less than normal, causes circulationFlow diminishes. So adopt the grains dedicated test of PIV of diameter 50 μ m can obtain better result of the test.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are alsoShould be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a vacuum refining physical simulation experiment method in steelmaking process, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 101: set up analogue means according to RH equipment for vacuum refining to be measured;
Wherein, adopt lucite to make RH physical model according to the ratio of model and prototype 1:N, wherein 2≤N≤10, andVacuum chamber down-comer outside and ladle outside install water box additional;
Step 102: operation analogue means, and in analogue means, add trace particle;
Wherein, add ladle by grains dedicatedly appropriate PIV stirring, after wetting in water, regulate feeder with vavuum pump to controlAir-blowing quantity processed and rate of air sucked in required, make the circulation of RH physical model reach stable;
Step 103: vertical cross-section is chosen in the measuring position at analogue means, utilizes vertical cross-section described in laser illumination;
Wherein, in ladle, add the water of scheduled volume, regulate vavuum pump to make pressure in vacuum chamber reach prototype respective value, water boxInside be full of water, start PIV, treat that laser power supply preheating is complete, adjustment sheet light source lens group, makes sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation decline at RHManage a certain vertical cross-section, scaling board or ruler are placed in this vertical plane, i.e. sheet Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation region, opens shooting mouldFormula, regulates focal length and the aperture of CCD camera, makes in picture scaling board or ruler scale show and reaches the most clear, even CCD cameraOn the vertical cross-section that focusing is irradiated at sheet laser;
Step 104: utilize camera to take continuously the vertical cross-section of laser illumination, generate measurement image;
Wherein, by programmable time controller regulation and control laser power supply and the CCD camera of built-in computer, serialograph,Generate measurement image;
Step 105: the trace particle in identification measurement image, according to the displacement of trace particle in measurement image and spike grainThe fluid velocity that the shooting time of son generates vertical cross-section distributes;
Wherein, utilize PIV image data processing system, calculate the mean value of clapped image instantaneous velocity, be this down-comerThe fluid velocity of vertical cross-section distributes;
Step 106: the fluid velocity to different vertical kernel of section At The Height carries out matching and integration, obtains the circular flow of RHAmount;
Wherein, according to the fluid velocity of down-comer different vertical kernel of section At The Height, obtain in down-comer central horizontal cross sectionThe fluid velocity of some points, utilizes Matlab mathematical software, adopts fitting of a polynomial fluid velocity curved surface and obtains fitting surfaceFunction, by this software programming program, calculates the integration of down-comer fluid velocity inside, is further converted to the circular flow of RH;
Wherein, described water box is the cuboid tank of the upper end open of lucite making, is installed in the captured stream of CCD cameraThe cylinder outside of body region;
Wherein, described laser is 532nm green glow, this laser peak energy 400mJ/Pulse;
Wherein, described PIV is grains dedicated is the hollow glass ball of diameter 50 μ m;
Wherein, described CCD camera is that the water box seeing through outside down-comer is taken;
Wherein, described down-comer different vertical cross section is to choose decline according to a determining deviation to both sides from selected vertical cross-sectionTube section is until down-comer border;
Wherein, described method has adopted following physical simulation experiment analogue means, comprises analogue means and the particle imaging dress that tests the speedPut; Described analogue means comprises ladle, vacuum chamber, and feeder, vavuum pump, U-tube manometer, ladle water box, tedge, underPipe falls, down-comer water box; Described ladle top is connected with the bottom of described vacuum chamber, described vacuum chamber top and described vacuumPump connects, and described feeder is connected with the sidewall of described vacuum chamber, and described ladle water box is arranged on the sidewall of described ladleOutside, described tedge and down-comer are through described vacuum chamber bottom, and described tedge tube wall is provided with passage, described risingPipe is connected with the output of described feeder by described passage, and described down-comer water box is arranged on described down-comerTube wall outside;
Described particle imaging speed measuring device comprises: laser power supply, and dual-cavity laser, light-conducting arm, when built-in computer is able to programmeBetween controller, PIV image data processing system, CCD camera, sheet laser lens group, PIV is grains dedicated; Described laser power supplyBe connected with described laser instrument, the output of described laser instrument is connected with described light-conducting arm, the output of described light-conducting arm with described inSheet laser lens group connects, described PIV image data processing system and described built-in computer programmable time controller and instituteStating CCD camera connects.
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| CN104777164A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-15 | 天津大学 | Large-size measuring experimental apparatus and method for air flow in cabin based on PIV |
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| US10761035B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-09-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Diagnosis support apparatus, diagnosis support method, diagnosis method, and repair method of vacuum degassing tank |
| CN108315529B (en) * | 2018-04-21 | 2023-12-19 | 江西理工大学 | RH refining furnace riser blowhole arrangement structure |
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| CN111521841B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Device and method for measuring speed of particle image of inner wall flow field of crystallizer water gap model |
| CN114002457B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Particle image velocimetry device |
| CN114134288B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-04-07 | 北京科技大学 | Thermal state and damage monitoring system and method for RH dip pipe |
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