CN102680203A - Micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring device and method - Google Patents

Micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring device and method Download PDF

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CN102680203A
CN102680203A CN2012101400356A CN201210140035A CN102680203A CN 102680203 A CN102680203 A CN 102680203A CN 2012101400356 A CN2012101400356 A CN 2012101400356A CN 201210140035 A CN201210140035 A CN 201210140035A CN 102680203 A CN102680203 A CN 102680203A
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voidage
flow
image
gas
pipeline
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冀海峰
黄刚
姜北
王保良
黄志尧
李海清
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring device and method. The micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring method comprises the following steps of: shooting a gas-liquid two-phase flow picture through a high-speed camera; secondly, pre-processing a photographed grey-scale image through a different image method, median filter, edge detection and filling of a gas-phase medium area; and finally, using a micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage model according to a flow type to carry out volume average voidage calculation aiming at a pre-processed binary image. The micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring method provided by the invention provides an effective method for micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow volume average voidage measurement. The micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring device provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, non-invasiveness and the like. The gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage model is reasonable and effective. The micro-channel gas-liquid two-phase flow voidage measuring device is applicable to measuring a volume average voidage of five typical flow types, such as a plug flow, a foam-shaped flow, a layer-shaped flow, a wave-shaped flow and an annular flow in a micro-channel.

Description

Minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring techniques, relate in particular to a kind of minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device and method.
Background technology
Two-phase flow extensively is present among the fields such as petro chemical industry.Little, the consuming little energy of taking up room, response speed are fast because micromodule equipment has, comprise in unit interval and the volume contain much information, transformation efficiency is high, relative low price and safety are prone to plurality of advantages such as control in batches; Two-phase flow phenomenon in the microsystem receives increasing concern and attention, and the detection of diphasic stream parameter also becomes a new direction in polyphasic flow parameter detecting field in the micro-tube.
Voidage is one of crucial parameter in the two-phase flow; The pressure gradients, average density, flow, analysis conduit internal flow situation etc. of calculating two-phase flow all are on the known basis of voidage, to carry out, and the accurate on-line measurement of voidage all has crucial effect to aspects such as the real-time monitoring in the production run, energy efficiency, status monitoring, safe operations.
Research in minim channel voidage context of detection at present also is in the starting stage, and most of research meanses mainly concentrate on pure experiment finishing method, quick-closing valve method and high-speed photography method.What the pure experiment finishing method of voidage obtained is the average void fraction in the certain-length in the pipeline.Its method generally is to obtain voidage through experiment earlier, and then returns with experiment voidage and flow parameters such as pressure falls, flow velocity, viscosity, density, finally obtains the computing formula or the graphic formula of voidage.But most of experience/semiempirical formulas are only to current experiment condition, and after experiment condition changed, most of experimental formulas were also inapplicable.And effective voidage measuring method in the full flow pattern scope is arranged seldom.The quick-closing valve method is normally installed two quick-closing valves of action simultaneously at biphase gas and liquid flow experiment pipeline section two ends; When stablizing when flowing; Close two quick-closing valves fast simultaneously; Obtain the volume or the quality of gas and liquid then through gas-liquid separation or other measurement means, thereby calculate the average void fraction in the experiment pipeline section.But,, be difficult for being applied in the industry spot so be difficult to carry out the measurement of online in real time when measuring, will temporarily stopping normal flowing.High-speed camera can clearly be taken the microsize object in the rapid movement, and has advantages such as Noninvasive, and increasing researchist is applied in the high-speed photography method in the microtubule two-phase flow voidage measurement Research.Adopt at present the high-speed photography method that the measurement of microtubule diphasic stream parameter has been become the important trend of microtubule measuring two-phase flow parameter, the present invention just is based on voidage is carried out in high-speed photography to the minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow measurement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, a kind of minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device and method is provided to prior art.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme: a kind of minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device, it comprises: take pipeline, flashlamp, high-speed camera and computing machine etc.; High-speed camera places takes pipeline one side, and flashlamp places takes the pipeline opposite side, relative with high-speed camera; Flashlamp is connected with high-speed camera, and high-speed camera is connected with computing machine.
A kind of minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method of using said apparatus comprises the steps:
(1) feed pure water in the shooting pipeline, the image of the interior pure water of high-speed camera shooting pipeline is image as a setting;
(2) take feeding biphase gas and liquid flow in the pipeline, high-speed camera is taken the gray level image that gas-liquid two-phase flows in the pipeline;
(3) gray level image of step 2 being taken carries out pre-service, and making greyscale image transitions is bianry image; This step comprises following substep:
(3.1) background image of the gray level image and the step 1 of step 2 shooting being taken subtracts each other, to eliminate the image of gray level image background and the tube wall of taking pipeline;
(3.2) gray level image behind the subtracting each other of step 3.1 output is carried out medium filtering, reduce the salt-pepper noise that the gray level image taken produces owing to the influence of extraneous factors such as camera sensor or environment;
(3.3) edge of the gas phase media of the gray level image behind the medium filtering of use edge detector detection step 3.2 output;
(3.4) image after the rim detection of step 3.3 output is filled, the gas phase media zone in the image is filled with gray-scale value " 1 ", obtain bianry image;
(4) to the bianry image of step 3 output, adopt corresponding minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity model to carry out the volume averaging voidage according to flow pattern and calculate; This step is specially:
The voidage model comprises slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, wave flow and annular flow voidage model in the minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method;
If in the image of taking, duct length does MIndividual pixel, the diameter length of pipeline does DIndividual pixel, the actual length of side of each square pixel of image does
Figure 393865DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Mm, the volume of pipeline then
Five kinds of voidage models are following:
(4.1) minim channel slug flow voidage model: establish in the slug flow image total nIndividual vent plug, the kThe length of individual vent plug does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual vent plug iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does d( K, i) individual pixel, then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 504221DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Then slug flow volume averaging voidage is in pipeline section:
Figure 760070DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
；
Because the random fluctuation property of air-water two phase flow volume averaging voidage and other stochastic factor in the measuring process need be got the mean value of the voidage calculated value of plurality of pictures, so get video camera shooting continuously here NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation , average then as the volume averaging voidage of slug flow under this experiment condition
Figure 528623DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Value, that is:
Figure 9282DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
(4.2) minim channel bubble flow voidage model: establish in the bubble flow image total nIndividual bubble, the kThe length of individual bubble does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual bubble iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does D (k, i)Individual pixel then adopts the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 177090DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Then bubble flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 34187DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is in pipeline section:
Figure 728474DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 255401DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of bubble flow under this experiment condition
Figure 300718DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Value, that is:
Figure 571293DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
；
(4.3) minim channel laminar flow void former: establishing captured laminar flow image length does MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iIndividual pixel place cross-sectional height does h i , then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the laminar flow image V g For:
Figure 120086DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
；
Then be in pipeline section inner lamination flow volume average void fraction
Figure 83494DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
:
Figure 350527DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 828093DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 87036DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Value, that is:
Figure 451153DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
；
(4.4) minim channel wave flow voidage model: establishing captured wave flow image length does MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does h i , the cumulative volume of gas in pipeline section then V g For:
Figure 453744DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
；
Then wave flow volume averaging voidage is in pipeline section:
Figure 16760DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 133752DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 674455DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value, that is:
Figure 52346DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
；
(4.5) minim channel annular flow voidage model: establishing captured annular flow image length does MIndividual pixel is established of gas phase media in the annular flow image iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does d i Individual pixel is then ignored in the pipeline after the gas phase droplets entrained, the cumulative volume of gas in the pipeline section V g For:
Figure 528458DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
Then annular flow volume average void fraction
Figure 991801DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is in pipeline section:
Figure 211560DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 584904DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of wave flow under this experiment condition
Figure 966338DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value owing to ignore gas phase droplets entrained in the pipeline, the voidage of calculating in theory will be bigger than normal than effective porosity, therefore can adopt the experience correction factor
Figure 182556DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Come the voidage of corrected Calculation; That is:
Figure 65061DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Wherein, M, D, N, n, k, l k , i, d i , d( K, i) be natural number.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; The biphase gas and liquid flow picture that the present invention utilizes high-speed camera to take; Through to the image pre-service,, adopt different minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity models to carry out voidage according to different flow patterns and calculate to pretreated image.The present invention can carry out the calculating of voidage under five kinds of typical flow patterns, have higher precision.For the measurement that solves minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow typical case flow pattern volume averaging voidage provides a valid approach.The present invention has five kinds of minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity models; The voidage that can be fit to minim channel slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, wave flow and annular flow is calculated; Filled up the blank of present minim channel voidage measuring method in full flow pattern scope, and the precision of measuring is higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device;
Fig. 2 is a minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity method flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is a minim channel slug flow cross section equivalent model synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a minim channel bubble flow cross section equivalent model synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a minim channel laminar flow cross section equivalent model synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is a minim channel wave flow cross section equivalent model synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is a pipeline ring-type flow section equivalent model synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the typical flow pattern pictures of five kinds of minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow; Among the figure, be that laminar flow, (b) are annular flow for slug flow, (d) for bubble flow, (e) for wave flow, (c) (a);
Fig. 9 is the picture through the pretreated five kinds of flow patterns of image; Among the figure, be that the pretreated image of wave flow, (b) are bubble flow pretreated image for the pretreated image of slug flow, (d) for the pretreated image of annular flow, (e) for the pretreated image of laminar flow, (c) (a);
Figure 10 is the voidage calculated figure as a result;
Figure 11 is a voidage error calculated distribution plan;
Among the figure, take pipeline 1, flashlamp 2, high-speed camera 3, computing machine 4.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device comprises: take pipeline 1, flashlamp 2, high-speed camera 3 and computing machine 4.High-speed camera 3 places takes pipeline 1 one sides, and flashlamp 2 places takes pipeline 1 opposite side, relative with high-speed camera 3; Flashlamp 2 is connected with high-speed camera 3, and high-speed camera 3 is connected with computing machine 4.
The step of minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method is as shown in Figure 2, is described below:
1. feed pure water in the shooting pipeline 1, the image of high-speed camera 3 shooting pipelines 1 interior pure water is image as a setting.
2. take and feed biphase gas and liquid flow in the pipeline 1, high-speed camera 3 is taken the gray level image that gas-liquid two-phase flows in the pipeline 1.
3. the gray level image of step 2 being taken carries out pre-service, and making greyscale image transitions is bianry image.
Its concrete steps are following:
3.1, the background image taken of gray level image and step 1 that step 2 is taken subtracts each other, to eliminate the image of the gray level image background and the tube wall of shooting pipeline 1.
3.2, the gray level image behind the subtracting each other of step 3.1 output is carried out medium filtering, reduce the salt-pepper noise that the gray level image taken produces owing to the influence of extraneous factors such as camera sensor or environment.
3.3, use edge detector to detect the edge of the gas phase media of the gray level image behind the medium filtering of step 3.2 output.
3.4, the image after the rim detection of step 3.3 output is filled, the gas phase media zone in the image is filled with gray-scale value " 1 ", obtain bianry image.
4. to the bianry image of rapid 3 outputs, adopt corresponding minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity model to carry out the volume averaging voidage according to flow pattern and calculate.
The voidage model comprises slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, wave flow and annular flow voidage model in the minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method.
If in the image of taking, duct length does MIndividual pixel, the diameter length of pipeline does DIndividual pixel, the actual length of side of each square pixel of image does
Figure 292911DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Mm, the volume of pipeline then
Figure 821809DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein, M, DBe natural number.
Five kinds of voidage models are following:
1) minim channel slug flow voidage model
As shown in Figure 3, establish in the slug flow image total nIndividual vent plug, the kThe length C D of individual vent plug does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual vent plug iThe height A B of individual pixel place xsect does d( K, i) individual pixel, then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 135110DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
； (1)
Wherein, N, k, l k , i, d( K, i) be natural number.
Then slug flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 821306DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is in pipeline section:
Figure 28296DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
； (2)
Because the random fluctuation property of air-water two phase flow volume averaging voidage and other stochastic factor in the measuring process need be got the mean value of the voidage calculated value of plurality of pictures, so get video camera shooting continuously here NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 17112DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of slug flow under this experiment condition
Figure 942343DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Value, that is:
； (3)
Wherein, NBe natural number.
2) minim channel bubble flow voidage model
As shown in Figure 4, establish in the bubble flow image total nIndividual bubble, the kThe length C D of individual bubble does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual bubble iThe height A B of individual pixel place xsect does D (k, i)Individual pixel then adopts the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 369093DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
； (4)
Wherein, N, k, l k ,I, d( K, i) be natural number.
Then bubble flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 528810DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is in pipeline section:
Figure 551124DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
； (5)
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 579123DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of bubble flow under this experiment condition
Figure 760705DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Value, that is:
Figure 91324DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
； (6)
Wherein, NBe natural number.
3) minim channel laminar flow void former
As shown in Figure 5, establish captured laminar flow image length EF and do MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iThe cross-sectional height AB of individual pixel place does h i , then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the EF section V g For:
Figure 866513DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
； (7)
Wherein, M, iBe natural number.
Then be in pipeline section inner lamination flow volume average void fraction
Figure 432623DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
:
Figure 468713DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 720965DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
； (8)
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 717871DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 87672DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Value, that is:
Figure 119213DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
； (9)
Wherein, NBe natural number.
4) minim channel wave flow voidage model
As shown in Figure 6, establish captured wave flow image length EF and do MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iThe height A B of individual pixel place xsect does h i , the cumulative volume of gas in pipeline section then V g For:
Figure 916268DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
； (10)
Wherein, M, iBe natural number.
Then wave flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 525104DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is in pipeline section:
Figure 308383DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
； (11)
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation , average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 162387DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value, that is:
Figure 258519DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
； (12)
Wherein, NBe natural number.
5) minim channel annular flow voidage model
As shown in Figure 7, establish captured annular flow image length EF and do MIndividual pixel is established of gas phase media in the annular flow image iThe height A B of individual pixel place xsect does d i Individual pixel is then ignored in the pipeline after the gas phase droplets entrained, the cumulative volume of gas in the pipeline section V g For:
Figure 845489DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
； (13)
Wherein, M, i, d i Be natural number.
Then annular flow volume average void fraction
Figure 976256DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is in pipeline section:
Figure 990479DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
； (14)
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 308328DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of wave flow under this experiment condition
Figure 698989DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value owing to ignore gas phase droplets entrained in the pipeline, the voidage of calculating in theory will be bigger than normal than effective porosity, therefore can adopt the experience correction factor
Figure 684263DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Come the voidage of corrected Calculation.That is:
Figure 246219DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
； (15)
Wherein, NBe natural number.
Embodiment 1:
Be to test on the level vial of 2.8mm at internal diameter to air-water two-phase flow, experiment condition is: the measuring section temperature is 15 ~ 25 ℃, and measuring section pressure is 0 ~ 0.2MPa, and experiment volumetric flow rate scope: liquid phase is 10.0-4.0
Figure 51364DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
10 2Ml/min, gas phase is 10.0-6.7
Figure 980137DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
10 3Ml/min, the frequency of high-speed camera is 200fps, image resolution ratio is 1016
Figure 819917DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
200.
Adopt minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device to take the typical flow pattern (slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, bubble flow, annular flow) in the horizontal glass pipeline that internal diameter is 2.8mm, as shown in Figure 8.
Gray level image to taking carries out the image pre-service; Bianry image after treatment is as shown in Figure 9; Bianry image after the processing only contains " 0 " (background) and " 1 " (gas) information, has reduced the garbage in the image greatly, has made things convenient for the measurement of voidage.
According to the bianry image of the two-phase flow after handling, to different flow patterns, adopt the minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity model of being set up to carry out the calculating of voidage, and contrast with the measured volume averaging voidage of voidage demarcation subsystem.Experimental result such as Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11, preliminary experiment shows that under slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, bubble flow, five kinds of flow patterns of annular flow, the voidage error control has reached effect preferably in 10%.

Claims (2)

1. a minim channel measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity device is characterized in that it comprises: take pipeline (1), flashlamp (2), high-speed camera (3) and computing machine (4) etc.; High-speed camera (3) places takes pipeline (1) one side, and flashlamp (2) places takes pipeline (1) opposite side, relative with high-speed camera (3); Flashlamp (2) is connected with high-speed camera (3), and high-speed camera (3) is connected with computing machine (4).
2. an application rights requires the minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method of 1 said device, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) take feeding pure water in the pipeline (1), the image of the interior pure water of high-speed camera (3) shooting pipeline (1) is image as a setting;
(2) take feeding biphase gas and liquid flow in the pipeline (1), high-speed camera (3) is taken the gray level image that the interior gas-liquid two-phase of pipeline (1) flows;
(3) gray level image of step 2 being taken carries out pre-service, and making greyscale image transitions is bianry image; This step comprises following substep:
(3.1) background image of the gray level image and the step 1 of step 2 shooting being taken subtracts each other, to eliminate the image of gray level image background and the tube wall of taking pipeline (1);
(3.2) gray level image behind the subtracting each other of step 3.1 output is carried out medium filtering, reduce the salt-pepper noise that the gray level image taken produces owing to the influence of extraneous factors such as camera sensor or environment;
(3.3) edge of the gas phase media of the gray level image behind the medium filtering of use edge detector detection step 3.2 output;
(3.4) image after the rim detection of step 3.3 output is filled, the gas phase media zone in the image is filled with gray-scale value " 1 ", obtain bianry image;
(4) to the bianry image of step 3 output, adopt corresponding minim channel gas-liquid two-phase flow porosity model to carry out the volume averaging voidage according to flow pattern and calculate; This step is specially:
The voidage model comprises slug flow, bubble flow, laminar flow, wave flow and annular flow voidage model in the minim channel biphase gas and liquid flow volume average void fraction measuring method;
If in the image of taking, duct length does MIndividual pixel, the diameter length of pipeline does DIndividual pixel, the actual length of side of each square pixel of image does Mm, the volume of pipeline then
Figure 511661DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Five kinds of voidage models are following:
(4.1) minim channel slug flow voidage model: establish in the slug flow image total nIndividual vent plug, the kThe length of individual vent plug does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual vent plug iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does d( K, i) individual pixel, then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Then slug flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 24813DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is in pipeline section:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
；
Because the random fluctuation property of air-water two phase flow volume averaging voidage and other stochastic factor in the measuring process need be got the mean value of the voidage calculated value of plurality of pictures, so get video camera shooting continuously here NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 957128DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of slug flow under this experiment condition
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Value, that is:
Figure 789211DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
(4.2) minim channel bubble flow voidage model: establish in the bubble flow image total nIndividual bubble, the kThe length of individual bubble does l k Individual pixel, the kOf individual bubble iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does D (k, i)Individual pixel then adopts the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the whole pipeline section V g For:
Figure 564400DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Then bubble flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is in pipeline section:
Figure 382708DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 294163DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of bubble flow under this experiment condition
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Value, that is:
；
(4.3) minim channel laminar flow void former: establishing captured laminar flow image length does MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iIndividual pixel place cross-sectional height does h i , then adopt the principle of integration, the cumulative volume of gas in the laminar flow image V g For:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
；
Then be in pipeline section inner lamination flow volume average void fraction
Figure 434999DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 289954DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation , average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Value, that is:
Figure 845845DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
；
(4.4) minim channel wave flow voidage model: establishing captured wave flow image length does MIndividual pixel, pipe diameter are D, the iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does h i , the cumulative volume of gas in pipeline section then V g For:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
；
Then wave flow volume averaging voidage
Figure 330047DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is in pipeline section:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation , average then as the volume averaging voidage of laminar flow under this experiment condition
Figure 264953DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value, that is:
Figure 2012101400356100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
；
(4.5) minim channel annular flow voidage model: establishing captured annular flow image length does MIndividual pixel is established of gas phase media in the annular flow image iThe height of individual pixel place xsect does d i Individual pixel is then ignored in the pipeline after the gas phase droplets entrained, the cumulative volume of gas in the pipeline section V g For:
Figure 108275DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
Then annular flow volume average void fraction is in pipeline section:
Figure 79773DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
；
Get that video camera takes continuously NOpen the volume averaging voidage of every image of image calculation
Figure 401164DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, average then as the volume averaging voidage of wave flow under this experiment condition
Figure 531931DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Value owing to ignore gas phase droplets entrained in the pipeline, the voidage of calculating in theory will be bigger than normal than effective porosity, therefore can adopt the experience correction factor Come the voidage of corrected Calculation; That is:
；
Wherein, M, D, N, n, k, l k , i, d i , d( K, i) be natural number.
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