CN114002457B - Particle image velocimetry device - Google Patents
Particle image velocimetry device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002457B CN114002457B CN202111360684.2A CN202111360684A CN114002457B CN 114002457 B CN114002457 B CN 114002457B CN 202111360684 A CN202111360684 A CN 202111360684A CN 114002457 B CN114002457 B CN 114002457B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P5/20—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using particles entrained by a fluid stream
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
The application provides a particle image velocimetry device, particle image velocimetry device includes: the vacuum cabin is provided with a first transparent window and is used for accommodating a workpiece to be measured; the image acquisition assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for acquiring images of the to-be-tested piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin; the first light guide arm is arranged in the vacuum cabin; the sheet light generator is connected to the tail end of the first light guide arm; the laser is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, and the execution end of the laser faces the first transparent window; the laser emitted by the laser penetrates through the first transparent window and then enters the initial end of the first light guide arm, the first light guide arm is used for transmitting the laser to the sheet light generator, and the sheet light generator is used for modulating the laser into a sheet shape to illuminate the piece to be tested contained in the vacuum cabin. The whole particle image velocimetry device simulates a vacuum environment and ensures that the operation of a velocimetry component is not influenced by the vacuum environment, so that particle image velocimetry under the vacuum environment is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery heating, in particular to a particle image velocimetry device.
Background
The particle image velocimetry technology is a non-contact optical velocimetry technology, has the advantages of wide measurement range, small interference to a flow field, capability of measuring transient speed and the like, and is widely applied to research on various fluid phenomena.
With the rapid development of aerospace industry, the development of important problems such as near space vehicles and deep space exploration is increasing, so that intensive research on the mechanism and mechanism of fluid flow in a vacuum environment is required. However, the particle image velocimetry technology is mainly applied to a standard atmosphere environment and cannot be applied to measurement in a large vacuum environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a particle image velocimetry device suitable for vacuum environment to measure the fluid velocity under the vacuum environment, the mechanism and the mechanism of fluid flow under the vacuum environment in the aerospace industry of being convenient for carry out intensive study.
The application provides a particle image velocimetry device, comprising: the vacuum cabin is provided with a first transparent window and is used for accommodating a workpiece to be measured; the image acquisition assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for acquiring images of the to-be-measured piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin; the first light guide arm is arranged in the vacuum cabin; a sheet light generator connected to the end of the first light guide arm; the laser is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, and the execution end of the laser faces the first transparent window; the laser emitted by the laser passes through the first transparent window and then is emitted into the initial end of the first light guide arm, the first light guide arm is used for transmitting the laser to the sheet light generator, and the sheet light generator is used for modulating the laser into a sheet shape to illuminate the to-be-tested piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin.
In the technical scheme, the to-be-measured speed piece is arranged in the vacuum cabin to simulate the particle speed measurement under the vacuum environment, the laser source is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, and the first light guide arm is arranged in the vacuum cabin to transmit the laser beam of the laser to the sheet light generator, so that the problem that the laser cannot be directly exposed in the vacuum cabin is solved, and the normal operation of the laser is ensured; on the other hand sets up first leaded light arm between laser instrument and piece light ware, can nimble adjustment piece light generator's position when measuring to carry out multi-angle, diversified measurement to the different positions of treating the speed measuring piece, whole particle image velometer simulate vacuum environment and ensure that its speed measuring part's operation is not influenced by vacuum environment, so that carry out particle image velometer under vacuum environment, the analysis vacuum environment is to the influence of flow field velocity of flow.
In some embodiments, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the first telescopic frame is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for adjusting the height of the sheet light generator; the first adjusting cradle head is arranged at the telescopic end of the first telescopic frame and connected with the sheet light generator, and the first adjusting cradle head is used for adjusting the angle of the sheet light generator.
In the technical scheme, the first telescopic frame and the first adjusting cradle head are arranged in the vacuum cabin, so that the irradiation angle of the sheet light generator can be flexibly adjusted, and a multi-azimuth and multi-angle sheet light source is provided for the to-be-measured piece.
In some embodiments, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the initial end of the second light guide arm is connected with the laser, the tail end of the second light guide arm faces the first transparent window, and the second light guide arm is used for guiding laser emitted by the laser to the first transparent window so that the laser can be emitted into the initial end of the first light guide arm.
In the technical scheme, the second light guide arm is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, so that the angle of the laser beam emitted into the vacuum cabin by the laser can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm, and the adjustment flexibility of the whole device is further improved.
In some embodiments, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the second adjusting cradle head is arranged at the tail end of the second light guide arm so as to adjust the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm.
In the technical scheme, the second adjusting cradle head is arranged to flexibly adjust the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm, so that the butt joint of the laser outside the vacuum cabin and the first light guide arm in the cabin is more convenient, and the laser cabin penetrating butt joint difficulty is greatly reduced; and avoid the second light guide arm to receive external influence, lead to laser source vibration, cause measuring error, ensure that laser can stable efflux and get into the vacuum chamber.
In some embodiments, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the reflecting mirror assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is close to the initial end of the first light guide arm; the reflecting mirror component is used for reflecting the laser injected into the vacuum cabin and then entering the initial end of the first light guide arm.
According to the technical scheme, the reflecting mirror assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin, the angle of the laser device in butt joint with the light beam of the first light guide arm can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror assembly, repeated adjustment of the first light guide arm or the laser source is avoided, and debugging operation is more convenient.
In some embodiments, the image acquisition assembly comprises: the image acquisition piece is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for shooting images of the to-be-tested piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin; the image acquisition part is arranged in the protective cover body, and the execution end of the image acquisition part passes through the second transparent window and corresponds to the speed measurement part; and one end of the ventilation pipeline is communicated with the protective cover body in a sealing way, the other end of the ventilation pipeline extends out of the vacuum cabin, and the ventilation pipeline is used for introducing air into the protective cover body.
According to the technical scheme, the protective cover body with the second transparent window is arranged in the vacuum cabin, the image acquisition part is arranged in the protective cover body, and the protective cover body is communicated with the atmosphere through the ventilation pipeline, so that an atmospheric pressure environment is formed in the protective cover body in the vacuum cabin, the image acquisition part can normally run in the protective cover body without being influenced by the vacuum environment of the vacuum cabin, and the protective performance of the image acquisition part is stable; the image acquisition of the image acquisition part to be measured is carried out through the second transparent window, the whole image acquisition assembly can meet the vacuum image acquisition requirement by using the conventional image acquisition part for particle image speed measurement, and the image acquisition device is simple in structure, convenient to realize, low in cost and high in practicability.
In some embodiments, the shield body comprises: the image acquisition piece is arranged in the inner cavity, and the ventilation pipeline is communicated with the inner cavity in a sealing way; and the transparent glass cover plate is covered on the opening and is connected with the body in a sealing way.
In the technical scheme, the transparent glass cover plate is used as the transparent window of the protective cover body, so that transparency and supporting strength are ensured.
In some embodiments, the image acquisition assembly further comprises: and the adjusting piece is used for adjusting the height and the angle of the image acquisition piece in the vacuum cabin. So as to flexibly adjust the image acquisition angle of the image acquisition piece and facilitate shooting the speed measurement piece at multiple angles.
In some embodiments, the adjustment member comprises: the second expansion bracket is fixed in the vacuum cabin; the mounting plate is provided with a telescopic end of the second telescopic frame, and the protective cover body is hinged to the mounting plate; the adjusting screw is in threaded connection with the mounting plate, and one end of the adjusting screw is in rotary connection with the protective cover body.
In the above technical scheme, set up the mounting panel on the second expansion bracket, drive the protection casing body of articulating on the mounting panel and rotate around the pin joint through setting up the bolt on the mounting panel to reach the purpose of adjusting the angle of image acquisition spare, simple structure is with low costs, and the practicality is strong.
In some embodiments, the first transparent window is a flanged mirror window.
According to the technical scheme, the flange sight glass window is arranged in the vacuum cabin to form the first transparent window, so that the flange sight glass window is convenient to be in sealing connection with the vacuum cabin when achieving the application purposes of transparency and convenience for laser to pass through, and the air tightness of the vacuum cabin is protected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a particle image velocimetry device provided in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a support assembly for supporting a part to be tested according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first light guiding arm according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a shown in fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first adjustment pan-tilt according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser interfacing with a vacuum chamber according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion B shown in fig. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a mirror assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an image capturing assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
Icon: 1-a vacuum chamber; 101-a first transparent window; 2-a piece to be tested; 3-an image acquisition assembly; 301-an image acquisition member; 302-body; 303-a vent line; 304-a transparent glass cover plate; 305-an adjusting member; 3051—chassis; 3052-roof rack; 3053-mounting plate; 3054—adjusting screw; 4-a light guide arm base; 5-a first light guiding arm; 6-a sheet light generator; 7-a laser; 8-a second light guiding arm; 9-a second adjusting cradle head; 10-mounting a bottom plate; 11-a first expansion bracket; 12-a first adjusting cradle head; 1201—a load-bearing platform; 1202-an adjustment about the X-axis; 1203-adjust member about Y axis; 1204-an adjustment about the Z-axis; 13-a mirror assembly; 1301-supporting rods; 1302-a lens holder; 1303-mirrors; 14-supporting plates; 15-L-shaped plates; 16-a support assembly; 1601-placing a platform; 1602-third telescoping rod; 1603-clamping member.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and thus are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present application and in the description of the figures above are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc. are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, which means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" refers to two or more (including two), and "plural sheets" refers to two or more (including two).
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and for simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-contact optical velocimetry, has the advantages of wide measurement range, small interference to a flow field, capability of measuring transient speed and the like, and is widely applied to research on various fluid phenomena.
PIV systems generally consist essentially of three parts: the system comprises a trace particle generator, a light source system (comprising a multi-exposure light source for illuminating a flow field, a sheet light forming device and the like) and an image acquisition and processing system (comprising a CCD camera, an image acquisition card, control software and the like). The basic working principle of the PIV system is as follows: the method comprises the steps of broadcasting trace particles with certain concentration and size and good following property in a flow field in advance, illuminating a flow field area to be measured by using a proper pulse laser sheet light source, and acquiring position changes of the trace particles in the flow field on two images at sampling intervals by using an image acquisition part in the direction perpendicular to the sheet light source, so that the instantaneous speed of fluid particles at the trace particles in the flow field at the sampling moment is calculated.
With the rapid development of aerospace industry, the development of important problems such as near space vehicles, deep space exploration and the like is increasingly complex and advanced, so that the mechanism and the mechanism of thin fluid flow in a vacuum environment accompanied by the problems need to be studied. With the development and the deep development of the problems related to the thin flow, experimental research often has a complex flow field system, which is embodied as a requirement of a large-scale vacuum environment and a high dynamic vacuum degree, so that the experiment needs to be carried out in the large-scale vacuum environment. However, the particle image velocimetry technology is mainly applied to a standard atmosphere environment, is limited to simple application of a limited observation area at present for vacuum thin fluid measurement research, and cannot meet the requirement of multi-combination flexible measurement in a large vacuum environment.
The inventor of the application finds that the main difficulties in realizing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology in a vacuum environment are as follows: PIV systems generally require adjustment of the position of the sheet light forming apparatus (sheet light) and the image capturing member to achieve measurement of the respective target areas while coping with different measurement purposes. However, the laser source cannot be directly exposed to a vacuum environment for use, and the limitations of the sheet laser source are also difficult to place in a vacuum container.
In some cases, a small vacuum container with an observation window is arranged, a flow field to be measured is introduced into the vacuum container, a laser, a sheet light generator and an image acquisition part are built outside the vacuum container, and the sheet light and the image acquisition part respectively irradiate trace particles in the flow field through the observation window and acquire particle images so as to realize speed measurement of the flow field in vacuum.
However, in the practical application research of a large vacuum container, the measurement range of the sheet light generator and the image acquisition device outside the vacuum chamber is only the view coverage range of the observation window, and because of the limitation of the number and the size of the observation window, a large part of space cannot be measured; meanwhile, the shooting direction of the camera and the plane where the film light is located are in a perpendicular relation, so that the measuring angles of the film light generator and the image acquisition piece in the way of irradiation and shooting through the observation window are greatly limited, and the vacuum container cannot be covered in whole.
Based on the above consideration, in order to solve the problem that particle image velocimetry cannot be performed in a vacuum environment, the inventor of the present application has studied and devised a particle image velocimetry device, in which a light guide arm is disposed in a vacuum cabin to conduct laser emitted by a laser source outside the vacuum cabin to a sheet light generator in the vacuum cabin, and a particle image velocimetry device capable of operating normally in the vacuum environment is mounted to perform fluid velocimetry in the vacuum environment, so as to facilitate test and study on the flow velocity of fluid in the vacuum environment.
The to-be-measured speed piece is arranged in the vacuum cabin to simulate the vacuum environment for the to-be-measured speed piece, the laser is arranged outside the vacuum cabin to avoid the influence of the vacuum environment on the operation of the laser, meanwhile, the light guide arm is arranged in the vacuum cabin to conduct laser beams of the laser and flexibly adjust the position and angle of the laser, so that the speed measurement piece in the vacuum cabin can be conveniently illuminated in all directions and at multiple angles. And its piece light generator directly sets up in the vacuum cabin and corresponds to wait to measure the speed spare, compares in the mode that the laser source all set up outside the cabin, is convenient for more accurate adjustment piece light source wait to measure the illumination angle of speed spare. It is understood that the particle image velocimetry device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be used in a particle image testing system, which generally includes: the system comprises a tracer particle generator, a flow field to be tested, a light source system and an image acquisition and processing system, wherein the tracer particle generator generates a certain amount of solid particles according to measurement requirements, so that the solid particles enter the flow field to be tested along with air flow and move along with the flow field to be tested, namely, the tracer particle generator provides solid particles for the flow field to be tested, the light source system can comprise a laser source and a sheet light generator, the laser source generator is used for emitting a plurality of columnar laser beams, the laser beam generator is used for modulating the laser beams into sheet-shaped laser sheets, the laser sheets illuminate the area of the flow field to be tested, which needs to be measured, in the direction perpendicular to the laser sheets, the position change of the tracer particles in the flow field on two images is acquired by an image acquisition piece at sampling intervals, and therefore the instantaneous speed of fluid particles at the tracer particles in the flow field at sampling moments is calculated.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a particle image velocimetry device according to some embodiments of the present application, and the present application provides a particle image velocimetry device, which includes a vacuum chamber 1, an image acquisition component 3, a first light guiding arm 5, a sheet light generator 6, and a laser 7. The vacuum chamber 1 has a first transparent window, the vacuum chamber 1 being adapted to receive a piece 2 to be measured. The image acquisition assembly 3 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1, and the image acquisition assembly 3 is used for acquiring images of the to-be-measured speed piece 2 accommodated in the vacuum chamber 1. The first light guiding arm 5 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1. The sheet light generator 6 is connected to the end of the first light guiding arm 5. The laser 7 is arranged outside the vacuum chamber 1, and the execution end of the laser 7 faces the first transparent window. The laser emitted by the laser 7 passes through the first transparent window and then enters the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5, the first light guiding arm 5 is used for transmitting the laser to the sheet light generator 6, and the sheet light generator 6 is used for modulating the laser into a sheet shape to illuminate the speed piece 2 to be measured accommodated in the vacuum chamber 1.
It will be appreciated that the vacuum chamber 1 may be kept in a vacuum environment within the vacuum chamber 1 by a vacuum pump, i.e. a vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum chamber 1.
The first transparent window 101 is a window through which light can pass, and may be a window through which the laser light of the laser 7 passes and is emitted into the vacuum chamber 1.
The image pickup module 3 is a module that can normally take an image in the vacuum chamber 1.
The to-be-tested part 2 is a carrier with a speed measuring flow field, and is usually transparent tubular, and the transparent tubular speed measuring part is internally provided with the speed measuring flow field with solid particles.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a support assembly 16 may be disposed in the vacuum chamber 1, where the support assembly 16 may include a third telescopic rod 1602, a placement platform 1601 is mounted on a top end of the third telescopic rod 1602, a clamping member 1603 is disposed on the placement platform 1601, during the speed measurement, the speed measurement member 2 is fixed on the placement platform 1601 by the clamping member 1603, and the support assembly 16 is configured to facilitate fixing the speed measurement member 2 and facilitate adjusting a height of the speed measurement member 2.
The first light guide arm 5 is an optical device capable of transmitting light, the first light guide arm 5 is used for transmitting laser, the first light guide arm 5 can adopt a multi-joint laser light guide arm, the multi-joint laser light guide arm is connected in a rotating mode through a light guide arm rotating joint by a plurality of sections of mutually separated light guide cylinders, a laser reflector is arranged in the rotating joint and used for changing the laser transmission direction, so that laser is transmitted to the next section of light guide cylinder along the axis direction, and the light guide arm can be used for selecting a mature light guide arm with proper specification according to the size of an actual use space and the stroke requirement.
Alternatively, the first light guiding arm 5 may use a 7-joint light guiding arm, facilitating the positioning and orientation of the multi-angle wide range of tab light generators 6 within the vacuum chamber 1.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, a mounting base plate 10 may be disposed in the vacuum chamber 1, the mounting plate 3053 may be an optical bread board, the mounting plate 3053 is provided with a light guiding arm base 4, the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5 is mounted on the light guiding arm base 4, and the light guiding arm base 4 may be a base with an adjustable height so as to adjust the height of the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5.
The sheet light generator 6 may be directly connected to the end of the first light guide arm 5, and the laser light in the first light guide arm 5 is emitted from the sheet light generator 6 to form a stable sheet light source.
According to the method, the workpiece 2 to be measured is arranged in the vacuum cabin 1 to simulate particle speed measurement in a vacuum environment, the laser source is arranged outside the vacuum cabin 1, and the first light guide arm 5 is arranged in the vacuum cabin 1 to transmit the laser beam of the laser 7 to the sheet light generator 6, so that the problem that the laser 7 cannot be directly exposed in the vacuum cabin 1 is solved, and the normal operation of the laser 7 is ensured; on the other hand, the first light guide arm 5 is arranged between the laser 7 and the sheet light device, so that the position of the sheet light generator 6 can be flexibly adjusted during measurement, and the full and multi-angle measurement of the belt speed measuring piece can be conveniently carried out; the whole particle image velocimetry device simulates a vacuum environment and ensures that the operation of a velocimetry component is not influenced by the vacuum environment, so that particle image velocimetry research under the vacuum environment is realized.
In some embodiments, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the first telescopic frame 11 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1 and is used for adjusting the height of the sheet light generator 6; the first adjusting cradle head 12 is arranged at the telescopic end of the first telescopic frame 11 and connected with the sheet light generator 6, and the first adjusting cradle head 12 is used for adjusting the angle of the sheet light generator 6.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a first adjusting head 12 is mounted on the top end of the first telescopic member, the end of the first light guiding arm 5 is connected to the first adjusting head 12, and the sheet light generator 6 is mounted on the end of the first light guiding arm 5.
The first adjusting cradle head 12 can select a three-dimensional cradle head of the prior art with proper specification according to the size requirement, and the first adjusting cradle head 12 can manually adjust the cradle head to meet the adjusting effect of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions.
Optionally, the first adjusting tripod head 12 may be a manually-adjusted gear tripod head, and the structure of the conventional gear tripod head is shown in fig. 5, and the conventional gear tripod head includes a carrying platform 1201, an X-axis adjusting member 1202, a Y-axis adjusting member 1203, and a Z-axis adjusting member 1204, where the carrying platform 1201 is used to connect with the second light guiding arm 8, and the rotation angles of the carrying platform 1201 about the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are respectively adjusted by three knobs, so that the angle of the carrying platform 1201 can be flexibly adjusted, and the influence of the vacuum environment on the operation stability of the second adjusting tripod head 9 can be effectively avoided by using the manually-adjusted gear platform.
The first telescopic frame 11 and the first adjusting cradle head 12 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 1, so that the irradiation angle of the sheet light generator 6 can be flexibly adjusted, and a multi-azimuth and multi-angle sheet light source can be provided for the to-be-measured speed piece 2.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 6, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further includes: the second light guiding arm 8, the initial end of the second light guiding arm 8 is connected to the laser 7, the end of the second light guiding arm 8 faces the first transparent window, and the second light guiding arm 8 is used for guiding the laser emitted by the laser 7 to the first transparent window so that the laser light is injected into the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5.
Likewise, the second light guiding arm 8 may be a mature light guiding arm with a suitable specification according to the size of the actual use space and the travel requirement, and optionally, the second light guiding arm 8 may be a 7-joint light guiding arm, so as to flexibly adjust the angle of the light source of the laser 7 aligned with the first transparent window 101.
When the laser is installed, the initial end of the second light guide arm 8 is abutted against the laser 7, the tail end of the second light guide arm 8 is close to the first transparent window 101 to be aligned with the first transparent window 101, and the angle of incidence of laser into the vacuum chamber 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the posture of the second light guide arm 8 and the rotation angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm 8. The initial end of the light guide arm refers to a light inlet end along the transmission direction of the light beam in the light guide arm, and the tail end of the light guide arm refers to a light beam emitting end.
The second light guide arm 8 is arranged outside the vacuum chamber 1, so that the angle of the laser beam emitted into the vacuum chamber 1 by the laser 7 can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm 8, and the adjustment flexibility of the whole device is further improved; at the same time, the body 302 of the laser 7 is prevented from being moved, so that the stability of the light source emitted by the laser 7 is effectively ensured.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further includes: the second adjusting cradle head 9 is arranged at the tail end of the second light guide arm 8 to adjust the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm 8.
The second adjusting cradle head 9 can use a conventional electric three-dimensional cradle head or a manual three-dimensional cradle head, and the second adjusting cradle head 9 can select a three-dimensional cradle head with proper specification according to the size requirement.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, the second adjusting cradle 9 may be mounted on the L-shaped plate 15, and one end of the L-shaped plate 15 may be fixed to the vacuum chamber 1 at a side position of the first transparent window 101 by bolts, calipers or other fasteners, and the second adjusting cradle 9 is mounted on the other end plate surface of the L-shaped plate 15. A support plate 14 may be provided on the second adjustment head 9, and the end of the second light guiding arm 8 is connected to the support plate 14.
Optionally, a bar-shaped slot may be disposed on the L-shaped board 15, and the second adjusting cradle head 9 is clamped into the bar-shaped slot, so as to adjust the distance between the second adjusting cradle head 9 and the first transparent window 101, so that the distance between the end of the second light guiding arm 8 and the first transparent window 101 is adjustable.
The second adjusting cradle head 9 is arranged to flexibly adjust the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm 8, so that the butt joint of the laser outside the vacuum cabin 1 and the first light guide arm 5 in the cabin is more convenient, and the laser cabin penetrating butt joint difficulty is greatly reduced; and avoid the second light guiding arm 8 to receive external influence, lead to the laser source vibration, cause measuring error, ensure that laser can stable efflux and get into vacuum chamber 1.
In some embodiments, referring again to fig. 1, and with further reference to fig. 8, the particle image velocimetry apparatus further comprises: the reflecting mirror assembly 13 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1 and is close to the initial end of the first light guide arm 5; the reflecting mirror assembly 13 is used for reflecting the laser light injected into the vacuum chamber 1 and then entering the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5.
As shown in fig. 8, the mirror assembly 13 may include a support bar 1301, a lens holder 1302 mounted on the support bar 1301, and a mirror 1303 mounted on the lens holder 1302, the support bar 1301 facilitating adjustment of the position of the lens holder 1302.
A reflecting mirror assembly 13 is disposed in the vacuum chamber 1 between the first transparent window 101 and the initial end of the first light guiding arm 5, for guiding the laser light transmitted through the first transparent window 101 into the first light guiding arm 5 after reflection.
The reflecting mirror assembly 13 is arranged in the vacuum cabin 1, the angle of the laser 7 in butt joint with the light beam of the first light guide arm 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror 1303 assembly, repeated adjustment of the first light guide arm 5 or the laser source is avoided, and the debugging operation is more convenient; in addition, the requirement on the butting precision of the laser 7 and the first light guide arm 5 is effectively reduced, so that the position of the first light guide arm 5 in the vacuum chamber 1 can be flexibly adjusted.
Wherein the support bar 1301 may be mounted on the same optical bread board as the initial end of the first light guide arm 5.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 9, the image acquisition assembly 3 includes: the image acquisition piece 301 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1 and is used for shooting images of the to-be-detected piece 2 accommodated in the vacuum chamber 1; the protective cover body is provided with a second transparent window, the image acquisition part 301 is arranged in the protective cover body, and the execution end of the image acquisition part 301 corresponds to the to-be-tested part 2 through the second transparent window; and one end of the ventilation pipeline 303 is communicated with the protective cover body in a sealing way, the other end of the ventilation pipeline 303 extends out of the vacuum chamber 1, and the ventilation pipeline 303 is used for introducing air into the protective cover body.
The ventilation pipeline 303 enables the interior of the protective cover body to be communicated with the atmospheric environment, so that a conventional camera mechanism, such as a CCD camera or other conventional camera commonly used in industry, can be selected as the image acquisition member 301, and the wire body of the image acquisition member 301 can be connected to a controller outside the vacuum chamber 1 through the ventilation pipeline 303.
The second transparent window refers to a transparent window that does not block the image acquisition member 301 from acquiring an image with a velocimeter located outside the shield body.
It will be appreciated that the shield is sealed relative to the interior of the vacuum chamber 1, and that the atmosphere within the shield cannot enter the vacuum chamber 1 through the shield body, which serves to isolate the image capturing element 301 from the vacuum environment, so that the image capturing element 301 is located within the vacuum chamber 1 but is exposed to the atmospheric pressure environment.
Set up the protection casing body that has the second transparent window in vacuum chamber 1, set up image acquisition spare 301 in the protection casing body to communicate the protection casing body and atmosphere through vent line 303, make the internal atmospheric pressure environment that forms of protection casing that is located vacuum chamber 1, in order to ensure that image acquisition spare 301 is at the internal normal operating of protection casing, and image acquisition spare 301 treats that the image acquisition of speed measuring spare 2 goes on through the second transparent window, whole vacuum image acquisition device simple structure is convenient for realize, and is stable to the barrier propterty of image acquisition spare 301, and the practicality is strong.
In some embodiments, the shield body comprises: a body 302 having an internal chamber and an opening communicating with the internal chamber, the image pickup member 301 being provided in the internal chamber, and the ventilation pipe 303 being hermetically communicated with the internal chamber; a transparent glass cover 304 is covered on the opening and is connected with the body 302 in a sealing way.
The transparent glass cover plate 304 may be made of quartz glass, which has a hardness up to seven mohs scale, and has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low expansion coefficient, good thermal shock resistance, chemical stability, good electrical insulation property, and strong light transmittance, so as to ensure imaging quality.
Alternatively, a glass flange may be used, where the center glass of the glass flange directly forms the second transparent window, and the glass flange is hermetically connected to the body 302, so that installation is facilitated and tightness of the body 302 is ensured.
Optionally, the image capturing element 301 is a CCD camera. It will be appreciated that the CCD camera is connected to a control system, and the cables required for the CCD camera are placed in the ventilation pipeline 303 and connected to the off-board power supply and the controller. The CCD camera technology is mature and stable in performance, and the image acquisition member 301 applied to particle image velocimetry can effectively guarantee the performance stability of the whole particle image velocimetry device.
In some embodiments, please continue with fig. 9, the image acquisition assembly 3 further includes: an adjusting member 305 for adjusting the height and angle of the image pickup member 301 in the vacuum chamber 1. So as to flexibly adjust the image acquisition angle of the image acquisition member 301 and facilitate taking photos of the workpiece 2 to be measured at multiple angles.
Optionally, the adjusting member 305 includes: the second expansion bracket is fixed in the vacuum cabin 1; the mounting plate 3053 is arranged at the telescopic end of the second telescopic frame, and the protective cover body is hinged to the mounting plate 3053; the adjusting screw 3054 is in threaded connection with the mounting plate 3053, and one end of the adjusting screw 3054 is in rotary connection with the protective cover body.
As shown in fig. 9, the second expansion bracket includes a bottom bracket 3051 and a top bracket 3052, and the height of the shield body is adjusted by adjusting the height of the first expansion bracket 11. The bottom frame 3051 and the top frame 3052 may be relatively rotated to adjust a horizontal rotation angle of the shield body.
Install mounting panel 3053 on roof-rack 3052, the bottom that the protection casing body is close to the one end of second transparent window articulates in mounting panel 3053, be located the below threaded connection who is away from the one end of second transparent window of protection casing body on the mounting panel 3053 and have adjusting screw 3054, adjusting screw 3054 vertically sets up, the top of adjusting screw 3054 rotates with the bottom that the one end was kept away from to the protection casing body to be connected, through rotatory adjusting screw 3054, can adjust the one end that the protection casing body kept away from the second transparent window and be close to the height of one end of second transparent window for the protection casing body, reach the purpose of adjusting the angle modulation of second transparent window in vertical face.
The whole adjusting component has simple structure, low cost, convenient debugging and strong practicability.
In some embodiments, the first transparent window 101 is a flanged mirror window.
The central glass of the flange sight glass window is transparent, the flange sight glass window is sealed with the vacuum cabin 1, the installation is convenient, the sealing performance of the vacuum cabin 1 is ensured, and meanwhile, the flange sight glass window achieves the application purposes of transparency and convenience for laser passing.
When the particle image velocimetry system of the application is used for velocimetry, the particle generator arranged outside the vacuum cabin 1 is used for introducing a flow field carrying solid particles into the workpiece 2 to be velocimetry, the vacuum cabin 1 forms a vacuum environment through a vacuum pump, the laser 7 arranged outside the vacuum cabin 1 emits laser beams, the laser beams enter the vacuum cabin 1 through the second light guide arm 8 and pass through the first transparent window 101, the reflector 1303 assembly guides the laser entering the vacuum cabin 1 into the first light guide arm 5 and finally is emitted by the sheet light generator 6 to form a sheet light source, the sheet light source is used for illuminating the workpiece 2 to be velocimetry, the image acquisition element 301 is used for acquiring images of the workpiece 2 to be velocimetry through the second transparent window interval so as to acquire position changes of trace particles in the flow field on two images, and the controller arranged outside the vacuum cabin 1 is used for calculating the instantaneous speed of fluid particles at the trace particles in the flow field at the sampling moment.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Particle image velocimetry device, characterized in that it comprises:
the vacuum cabin is provided with a first transparent window and is used for accommodating a workpiece to be measured;
the image acquisition assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for acquiring images of the to-be-measured piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin;
the first light guide arm is arranged in the vacuum cabin;
a sheet light generator connected to the end of the first light guide arm;
the laser is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, and the execution end of the laser faces the first transparent window;
the laser emitted by the laser passes through the first transparent window and then is injected into the initial end of the first light guide arm, the first light guide arm is used for transmitting the laser to the sheet light generator, and the sheet light generator is used for modulating the laser into a sheet shape to illuminate the to-be-tested piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin;
the initial end of the second light guide arm is connected with the laser, the tail end of the second light guide arm faces the first transparent window, and the second light guide arm is used for guiding laser emitted by the laser to the first transparent window so that the laser can be emitted into the initial end of the first light guide arm;
the reflecting mirror assembly is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is close to the initial end of the first light guide arm;
the reflecting mirror component is used for reflecting the laser injected into the vacuum cabin and then entering the initial end of the first light guide arm.
2. The particle image velocimetry apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the first telescopic frame is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for adjusting the height of the sheet light generator;
the first adjusting cradle head is arranged at the telescopic end of the first telescopic frame and connected with the sheet light generator, and the first adjusting cradle head is used for adjusting the angle of the sheet light generator.
3. The particle image velocimetry apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the second adjusting cradle head is arranged at the tail end of the second light guide arm so as to adjust the angle of the tail end of the second light guide arm.
4. The particle image velocimetry apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image acquisition assembly comprises:
the image acquisition piece is arranged in the vacuum cabin and is used for shooting images of the to-be-tested piece accommodated in the vacuum cabin;
the image acquisition part is arranged in the protective cover body, and the execution end of the image acquisition part penetrates through the second transparent window and corresponds to the speed measurement part;
and one end of the ventilation pipeline is communicated with the protective cover body in a sealing way, the other end of the ventilation pipeline extends out of the vacuum cabin, and the ventilation pipeline is used for introducing air into the protective cover body.
5. The particle image velocimetry device of claim 4, wherein the protective cover body comprises:
the image acquisition piece is arranged in the inner cavity, and the ventilation pipeline is communicated with the inner cavity in a sealing way;
and the transparent glass cover plate is covered on the opening and is connected with the body in a sealing way.
6. The particle image velocimetry apparatus of claim 4, wherein the image acquisition assembly further comprises:
and the adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the height and the angle of the image acquisition piece in the vacuum cabin.
7. The particle image velocimetry apparatus of claim 6, wherein the adjustment assembly comprises:
the second expansion bracket is fixed in the vacuum cabin;
the mounting plate is arranged at the telescopic end of the second telescopic frame, and the protective cover body is hinged to the mounting plate;
the adjusting screw is in threaded connection with the mounting plate, and one end of the adjusting screw is in rotary connection with the protective cover body.
8. A particle image velocimetry apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first transparent window is a flanged mirror window.
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| EP3290874A1 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-07 | Imagineering, Inc. | In-cylinder flow measuring method in an internal combustion engine and system thereof |
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