CN104158211B - Based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter - Google Patents

Based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter Download PDF

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CN104158211B
CN104158211B CN201410360751.4A CN201410360751A CN104158211B CN 104158211 B CN104158211 B CN 104158211B CN 201410360751 A CN201410360751 A CN 201410360751A CN 104158211 B CN104158211 B CN 104158211B
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storage battery
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高峰
张磊
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses the many power grids system control method based on Modular multilevel converter, comprise the steps: that the power control section of Modular multilevel converter divides generation sinusoidal modulation wave; Described sine wave modulation ripple superposes corresponding regulated quantity through DC power control, the control of alternate circulation and grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control successively, produces switching drive signal finally by phase-shifted SPWM modulation.The present invention can control alternate circulation flexibly according to the running status of many power grids system.

Description

Based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of many power grids based on Modular multilevel converter system control method.
Background technology
Along with increasingly sharpening of energy crisis and environmental issue, the research for renewable energy power generation technology receives much concern.In regenerative resource grid-connected system, power inverter is important component part.Renewable energy source current (as photovoltaic array, wind-driven generator, fuel cell etc.) access electrical network needs in the middle of Energy transfer to electrical network by inverter.
At present, conventional in regenerative resource grid-connected system power inverter has two-level inverter, Neutral Point Clamped multi-electrical level inverter, cascaded multilevel inverter and Modular multilevel converter etc.
For two-level inverter and Neutral Point Clamped multi-electrical level inverter, after renewable energy source current is carried out connection in series-parallel, concentrate access electrical network as DC power supply by inverter.
For cascaded multilevel inverter and Modular multilevel converter, can by the middle of each basic module of power supply dispersion access, by controlling each basic module, independently renewable energy source current being controlled, being conducive to the efficiency improving regenerative resource grid-connected system.
Therefore, the many power grids systematic research based on multi-level converter receives much concern.But renewable energy system is vulnerable to the restriction of environmental condition, its features such as having fluctuation, intermittence and unpredictability of exerting oneself, this will affect safe, reliable, the stable operation of electrical network, bring profound influence to the production of the people and life.Therefore, the assistant services such as the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand and frequency modulation and voltage modulation are realized in the urgent need to extra reserve capacity.
Energy storage technology receives much concern as the effective technology solving extensive renewable power supply access electrical network, and countries in the world are always all at the investigation and application constantly supporting energy storage technology.Similar to regenerative resource grid-connected system, energy-storage system exactly using energy storage device (comprising storage battery, energy accumulation device for fly wheel, superconducting magnetic energy storage etc.) as power supply, then energy storage device by power inverter by the middle of Energy Transfer to electrical network.Power inverter conventional in energy-storage system has two-level inverter, diode clamp type multi-electrical level inverter, cascaded multilevel inverter and Modular multilevel converter etc.
During using two-level inverter as the energy converter of regenerative resource grid-connected system or energy-storage system, usually need to be connected with electrical network through step-up transformer, step-up transformer can cause more power loss.The power supply that DC side connection in series-parallel is too much is in addition unfavorable for the operational efficiency improving power supply.
Using Neutral Point Clamped multi-electrical level inverter as energy converter, therefore the same with two-level inverter, in the regenerative resource grid-connected system being often applied to low voltage grade and energy-storage system, need to be connected with electrical network through step-up transformer.
Grid-connected electric pressure can be improved using cascaded inverter and Modular multilevel converter (ModularMultilevelConverters, MMC) as energy converter to be directly connected with electrical network, decrease the power loss that step-up transformer causes.
Cascaded inverter and each module of Modular multilevel converter can the DC power supply (comprising renewable energy source current, energy storage device etc.) of connection in series-parallel some, and therefore cascaded inverter and Modular multilevel converter can increase the degree of scatter of DC power supply, the operational efficiency of power supply and power system capacity.
Compared with cascaded inverter, when switching device is identical, the basic module quantity of Modular multilevel converter is the twice of cascaded inverter, can connect more independent DC power supply, is conducive to the capacity improving grid-connected system.
Based in many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter,
When renewable energy source current is as DC power supply, in order to make full use of regenerative resource, wish when system is normally run, the DC power supply of each basic module can both operate in respective maximum power point;
When energy storage device is as DC power supply, wishes that each DC power supply is run with identical state-of-charge (State-of-charge, SOC), be conducive to the capacity making full use of energy storage device like this.
Because, if the state-of-charge of energy storage device is inconsistent, in system operation, some independent current sources may reach the limit value of operation, and other power supplys still can continue discharge and recharge, be unfavorable for the capacity making full use of energy storage device like this, all power supplys run with identical state-of-charge and are conducive to the capacity making full use of energy storage device.
Traditional Modular multilevel converter is mainly used in the middle of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system, and DC power supply is connected with unified direct-current chain.In traditional Modular multilevel converter, alternate circulation mainly comprises DC component, second harmonic component, four-time harmonic component and high fdrequency component.In alternate circulation control strategy, usually the second harmonic component of alternate circulation, four-time harmonic component and high fdrequency component are controlled to be zero.In capacitance voltage Balance route strategy, utilize the balanced capacitance voltage of the DC component of alternate circulation.
Compared with traditional Modular multilevel converter, Modular multilevel converter be applied in the middle of many power grids system, there are again some new problems needs to solve:
1, based in many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, the DC power supply output characteristic of each basic module is inconsistent under normal circumstances.Make each DC power supply be operated in maximum power point by suitable algorithm or be operated in identical state-of-charge, by causing, the power output of each basic module is inconsistent.This will cause there is DC component in grid-connected current, and the harmonic components of alternate circulation is also different from traditional modular multi-level converter, except comprising DC component, also comprise fundametal compoment and each harmonic component.The each harmonic component of alternate circulation can cause extra power loss, therefore needs to be suppressed by each harmonic component of circulation control strategy to alternate circulation.
2 and the power output DC component of each power model is main relevant with the DC component of circulation and the fundametal compoment of bridge arm current.But the DC component of circulation can control the SOC balance of battery energy storage system or the MPPT maximum power point tracking of renewable energy source current has an impact, and therefore the DC component of circulation also needs to be suppressed.
3, in addition, with traditional Modular multilevel converter unlike, based on many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter without the need to balanced capacitance voltage.But the inconsistent meeting of direct current power source voltage causes in grid-connected current and there is certain DC component, need to be suppressed.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problem, a kind of many power grids based on Modular multilevel converter system control method is provided, it has can carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking control or SOC balance control according to grid power source type, suppress the DC component existed in grid-connected current, alternate circulation can also be controlled flexibly simultaneously, regulate the power output of each power model, thus realize the advantage that MPPT maximum power point tracking controls and SOC balance controls.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter refers to: using Modular multilevel converter as energy converter, using renewable energy source current or energy-storage battery as DC power supply, the grid-connected system formed in each basic module of dispersion access module multi-level converter.
Each described basic module comprises by DC power supply, electric capacity and two switching devices, described DC power supply and Capacitance parallel connection, and described two switching devices are one another in series, described electric capacity and two switching device parallel connections of connecting.
The Energy Transfer of DC power supply can be gone out by control switch device each basic module.
Described renewable energy source current comprises photovoltaic array, wind-driven generator or fuel cell, and described energy-storage battery comprises battery, energy accumulation device for fly wheel, superconducting magnetic energy storage or compression air energy-storing apparatus.
Based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter, comprise the steps: that the power control section of Modular multilevel converter divides generation sinusoidal modulation wave; Described sine wave modulation ripple is controlled by DC power control, alternate circulation successively and grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control superposes corresponding regulated quantity, produces switching drive signal finally by phase-shifted SPWM modulation.
Described DC power control is selected according to the type of DC power supply:
(1) when DC power supply is photovoltaic cell or other renewable energy source currents, DC power control is exactly that MPPT maximum power point tracking controls;
(2) when DC power supply is energy-storage battery, DC power control is exactly that SOC balance controls.
Described MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: the maximum power point calculating DC power supply, makes the power of the modules of Modular multilevel converter can follow the trail of the maximum power point of DC power supply by the duty ratio of by-pass cock device.
Described SOC balance controls to comprise: between the control of each brachium pontis storage battery SOC balance, each phase upper and lower bridge arm, storage battery SOC balance controls and the control of alternate storage battery SOC balance;
When the SOC of each brachium pontis storage battery is all in normal operation range, only Balance route is carried out to the SOC of each brachium pontis storage battery, alternate circulation is controlled to be zero;
When the SOC of the storage battery of a certain brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis is close to running limit value, or when the SOC of the storage battery of a certain brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis and other battery SOC difference larger time, except controlling each brachium pontis storage battery SOC balance, also need to carry out Balance route to storage battery SOC between each phase upper and lower bridge arm and alternate storage battery SOC, only retain the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation.
Described alternate circulation controls to comprise: fundametal compoment suppresses, DC component suppresses and each harmonic component suppresses;
Under normal circumstances without the need to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, need to suppress the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation, each harmonic component and DC component;
When needs carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, only the DC component of alternate circulation and each harmonic component are suppressed, utilize the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation to carry out Power Exchange.
Described grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control: calculate compensation rate according to the DC component in grid-connected current, this compensation rate is added in modulating wave, thus suppress grid-connected current DC component.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1 with traditional Modular multilevel converter unlike, in traditional module multi-level converter, utilize the DC component of circulation to regulate the power output of each power model, realize the equilibrium of capacitance voltage.Based in the middle of many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation can be utilized to regulate the power output of each power model, thus realize the SOC balance of battery energy storage system or the MPPT maximum power point tracking of renewable energy source current.
2, based in many power grids system of cascaded inverter, do not exist alternate circulation, do not relate to the control of alternate circulation in the middle of the MPPT maximum power point tracking of DC power supply and SOC balance control strategy.With it unlike, based in many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, can be regulated by the power output of circulation control realization power model, thus realize SOC balance control and MPPT maximum power point tracking control.
3, based on many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, exist DC component in its grid-connected current, can pass through DC component inhibitory control, suppress the DC component in grid-connected current, make grid-connected current meet grid-connected requirement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b) is the energy-storage system topology diagram based on MMC;
Fig. 2 is control strategy the general frame;
Fig. 3 is MPPT maximum power point tracking control chart;
Fig. 4 is SOC balance control block diagram;
Fig. 5 is circulation control block diagram;
Fig. 6 is grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control block diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Energy-storage system control strategy based on MMC is made up of four parts: inverter power controls, and grid power source MPPT maximum power point tracking controls and SOC balance controls, and circulation controls, and grid-connected current DC component suppresses.Emphasis of the present invention is for the problem existing for the many level grid-connected system based on MMC, suitable control strategy is proposed, according to the needs that SOC balance controls and MPPT maximum power point tracking controls, circulation is controlled flexibly and suppresses the DC component of grid-connected current.
As mentioned above, because circulation can cause power loss, do not wish under normal circumstances to carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, when needs utilize alternate circulation to carry out Power Exchange, utilize the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation to carry out Power Exchange.Based in many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, when DC power supply is renewable energy source current, carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking control, under normal circumstances without the need to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, therefore need to suppress the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation, each harmonic component and DC component; When needs carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, only the DC component of alternate circulation and each harmonic component are suppressed, suitable control is carried out to fundametal compoment and carries out Power Exchange as requested.When DC power supply is energy storage device, only SOC balance control is carried out to the DC power supply of each brachium pontis inside under normal circumstances, without the need to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, therefore the DC component of alternate circulation, each harmonic component and fundametal compoment are suppressed; When the storage battery of some brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis reach run limit value time, Power Exchange to be carried out by alternate circulation fundametal compoment, maintain energy-storage system normally to run, therefore will carry out Balance route to the storage battery SOC carried out between each phase upper and lower bridge arm between storage battery SOC control and each phase, the fundametal compoment simultaneously by suitably controlling alternate circulation realizes the Power Exchange between each phase.
In traditional MMC, circulation only comprises DC component, second harmonic component, four-time harmonic component and high fdrequency component, wherein the DC component of circulation is used for balanced capacitance voltage, and therefore circulation controls only to need its second harmonic component, four-time harmonic component and high fdrequency component to suppress to be zero; Based in many DC power supply grid-connected system of MMC, circulation comprises DC component, fundametal compoment and each harmonic component.As required, the fundametal compoment of circulation is for regulating the power stage of each power model.Described circulation control strategy needs the DC component in circulation and each harmonic component to suppress to be zero, according to Power Exchange need the fundametal compoment of circulation is controlled.
Grid-connected current DC component suppression strategy, calculates compensation rate according to the DC component in grid-connected current, this compensation rate is superimposed upon in modulating wave, thus reaches the object suppressing grid-connected current DC component.
As Fig. 1 (a) is depicted as the many power grids system topology figure based on MMC.Each brachium pontis is made up of N number of module.Independently DC power supply dispersion can access each module when MMC is used as the energy converter of many power grids system, without the need to unified DC power supply, therefore each module is made up of 2 switch elements, 1 electric capacity, 1 group of DC power supply.As shown in Fig. 1 (b), when MMC is not used as the energy converter of energy-storage system, need unified direct-current chain to connect DC power supply or DC load, therefore each module is only made up of 2 switch elements and 1 electric capacity.
The module of described Modular multilevel converter can be considered to the elementary cell in MMC, these basic cell structures are on all four, each elementary cell is exactly a power model, that frame indicating SM in such as Fig. 1 (a) is exactly an elementary cell, in Fig. 1 (a), there is the expanded view of elementary cell in the upper right corner, by DC power supply, an electric capacity and two switching device compositions, described DC power supply and Capacitance parallel connection, two switching device series connection, described electric capacity and two switching device parallel connections of connecting, the Energy Transfer of DC power supply can be gone out by the switching device each elementary cell controlled wherein, therefore an elementary cell is exactly a module.
Be illustrated in figure 2 control strategy the general frame, produce sinusoidal modulation wave by inverter power control section and modulate generation switching signal by phase-shifted SPWM, MPPT maximum power point tracking control/SOC balance controls, circulation controls and grid-connected current DC component suppresses to realize by superposing corresponding regulated quantity in modulating wave.
Be illustrated in figure 3 MPPT maximum power point tracking control strategy, calculated the maximum power point of DC power supply by suitable algorithm, make the power of modules can follow the trail of the maximum power point of DC power supply by the duty ratio of by-pass cock device.
Be illustrated in figure 4 SOC balance control strategy block diagram, SOC balance control strategy is made up of three parts: each brachium pontis storage battery SOC balance controls, and between each phase upper and lower bridge arm, storage battery SOC balance controls, and alternate storage battery SOC balance controls.The storage battery SOC balance of each brachium pontis controls alternate circulation impact less, but between each phase upper and lower bridge arm, the control of storage battery SOC balance and alternate storage battery SOC balance control all to need to carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation.Can power loss be caused owing to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, therefore usually not wish that energy-storage system has larger alternate circulation in normal course of operation.When the SOC of each brachium pontis storage battery is in normal operation range, only Balance route is carried out to each brachium pontis storage battery SOC.When the storage battery SOC of a certain brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis is close to when running limit value, need to carry out each phase upper and lower bridge arm storage battery SOC balance and to control and alternate storage battery SOC balance controls.Like this, within homophase, can by alternate circulation by energy by the higher brachium pontis of SOC to the lower brachium pontis transmission of SOC.In like manner, energy can be transmitted between each phase by alternate circulation.
Be illustrated in figure 5 circulation control block diagram, circulation control strategy is made up of three parts: fundametal compoment controls, and DC component suppresses and each harmonic component suppresses.As mentioned above, without the need to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation during normal operation, therefore alternate DC component, fundametal compoment and each harmonic component are all controlled to be zero.When needs carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, by suitable control strategy, the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation is utilized to carry out Power Exchange.
Be illustrated in figure 6 grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control block diagram.Because DC power supply characteristic is inconsistent, carry out all to introduce DC component in grid-connected current when MPPT maximum power point tracking control and SOC balance control, this does not meet the grid-connected requirement of energy-storage system.Therefore to the DC component in grid-connected current be suppressed.Calculate compensation rate according to the DC component in grid-connected current, this compensation rate is superimposed upon in modulating wave, thus reach the object suppressing grid-connected current DC component.
In addition, based in the middle of many power grids system of Modular multilevel converter, alternate circulation can cause more power loss, therefore, needs alternate circulation to control to be zero under normal circumstances.In this case, SOC balance control can be carried out in each brachium pontis inside, but cannot balanced SOC between each brachium pontis and each phase.
Therefore, SOC balance controls to be divided into two parts:
When battery SOC is all in normal operation range, only SOC balance control is carried out to each brachium pontis internal cell, alternate circulation is controlled to be zero;
When percentage of batteries SOC close to run limit value or larger with other battery SOC difference time, SOC balance control is carried out to all batteries, only retains the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: that the power control section of Modular multilevel converter divides generation sinusoidal modulation wave; Described sine wave modulation ripple is controlled by DC power control, alternate circulation successively and grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control superposes corresponding regulated quantity, produces switching drive signal finally by phase-shifted SPWM modulation;
Described DC power control is selected according to the type of DC power supply:
(1) when DC power supply is photovoltaic cell or other renewable energy source currents, DC power control is exactly that MPPT maximum power point tracking controls;
(2) when DC power supply is energy-storage battery, DC power control is exactly that SOC balance controls;
Described SOC balance controls to comprise: between the control of each brachium pontis storage battery SOC balance, each phase upper and lower bridge arm, storage battery SOC balance controls and the control of alternate storage battery SOC balance;
When the SOC of each brachium pontis storage battery is all in normal operation range, only Balance route is carried out to the SOC of each brachium pontis storage battery, alternate circulation is controlled to be zero;
When the SOC of the storage battery of a certain brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis is close to running limit value, or when the SOC of the storage battery of a certain brachium pontis or certain several brachium pontis and other battery SOC difference larger time, except controlling each brachium pontis storage battery SOC balance, also need to carry out Balance route to storage battery SOC between each phase upper and lower bridge arm and alternate storage battery SOC, only retain the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter, it is characterized in that,
Described MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: the maximum power point calculating DC power supply, makes the power of the modules of Modular multilevel converter can follow the trail of the maximum power point of DC power supply by the duty ratio of the switching device of the modules of adjustment module multi-level converter.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter, it is characterized in that, described alternate circulation controls to comprise: fundametal compoment suppresses, DC component suppresses and each harmonic component suppresses;
Under normal circumstances without the need to carrying out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, need to suppress the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation, each harmonic component and DC component;
When needs carry out Power Exchange by alternate circulation, only the DC component of alternate circulation and each harmonic component are suppressed, utilize the fundametal compoment of alternate circulation to carry out Power Exchange.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on many power grids system control method of Modular multilevel converter, it is characterized in that, described grid-connected current DC component inhibitory control: calculate compensation rate according to the DC component in grid-connected current, this compensation rate is added in modulating wave, thus suppresses grid-connected current DC component.
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