CN104157204B - A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid - Google Patents

A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104157204B
CN104157204B CN201410414421.9A CN201410414421A CN104157204B CN 104157204 B CN104157204 B CN 104157204B CN 201410414421 A CN201410414421 A CN 201410414421A CN 104157204 B CN104157204 B CN 104157204B
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China
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crank
ratchet
double
mill
rocker mechanism
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CN201410414421.9A
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CN104157204A (en
Inventor
穆瑞
吕美辉
罗元易
马武井
满艺
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Xiamen University
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Xiamen University
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Abstract

A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid, relates to mechanical principle demonstration teaching aid.Be provided with crank and rocker mechanism, waterwheel, base plate, waterwheel transmission shaft, vertically bevel gear, horizontal bevel gear, bevel gear shaft, belt wheel, mill, mill base, driven crank, driving crank, double-crank connecting rod, double rocker mechanism, baffle plate, disc cam, camshaft, screen tray, variator, well, left support frame, right support frame, handle, ratchet, ratchet, spring, riser; Described double rocker mechanism is provided with drive crank, driven rocking bar, double rocking lever connecting rod; Described variator is provided with upper transmission axle, power cam axle, power input shaft and gear change hand lever; Described crank and rocker mechanism is provided with connecting link, follower lever, driving lever, stamping machine, smashes tank, bracing frame.Feature richness, simple and reasonable, can realize making complicated mechanical knowledge to simplify, make that abstract theory is specialized, imagery, make uninteresting content interest and appeal, effectively improve the effect of teaching.

Description

A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical principle demonstration teaching aid, especially relate to a kind of multi-functional mechanical principle and show teaching aid.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of Chinese Industrialization, particularly manufacturing development, society is increasing to the demand for talent of mechanical relevant speciality." mechanical principle " is one of most important Main Course of mechanical speciality, and the teaching of this course is significant, therefore needs suitable teaching aid as auxiliary.Current more existing teaching aid functions are more single, and structure is too complicated, do not break away from complicated and uninteresting theory, can not significantly improve the efficiency of teaching.
Chinese patent CN201984710U describes a kind of demonstration teaching aid of four-bar linkage principle, although this teaching aid can show intuitively three kinds of four-bar linkage dissimilar, but displaying process only embodies the operational process of mechanism, the unrealized combination with practical application scene, the uninteresting character of " mechanical principle " this subject itself can not be changed, be therefore difficult to obtain good teaching efficiency.Chinese patent CN103514796A describes a kind of crank and rocker mechanism demonstration teaching aid for imparting knowledge to students, although the scene of this teaching aid simulation recreation ground sea rover can increase interest to a certain extent, but the function of teaching aid is too single, and the scope of application is narrower, and economy is poor.Chinese patent CN103632604A and CN103745645A describes a kind of Multifunctional teaching aid based on linkage assembly and a kind of multi-functional mechanical theory teaching demonstrator respectively.Although this teaching aid described by two patents is all Multifunctional teaching aid, can show multiple physical construction and different knowledge points, their complicated structure, intuitive is poor.
Summary of the invention
A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle is the object of the present invention is to provide to show teaching aid.
The present invention is provided with crank and rocker mechanism, waterwheel, base plate, waterwheel transmission shaft, vertically bevel gear, horizontal bevel gear, bevel gear shaft, belt wheel, mill, mill base, driven crank, driving crank, double-crank connecting rod, double rocker mechanism, baffle plate, disc cam, camshaft, screen tray, variator, well, left support frame, right support frame, handle, ratchet, ratchet, spring, riser;
Described double rocker mechanism is provided with drive crank, driven rocking bar, double rocking lever connecting rod;
Described variator is provided with upper transmission axle, power cam axle, power input shaft and gear change hand lever;
Described crank and rocker mechanism is provided with connecting link, follower lever, driving lever, stamping machine, smashes tank, bracing frame;
Described waterwheel is positioned on the right side of base plate, as the power resources of whole teaching aid, waterwheel transmission shaft one end is connected by pin with waterwheel, the waterwheel transmission shaft other end is connected with vertical bevel gear, vertical bevel gear engages with horizontal bevel gear, thus rotation direction is changed into horizontally rotate, and rotated by bevel gear shaft band movable belt pulley;
Described mill is positioned at the base plate upper left corner, mill is arranged on above mill base, driven crank, driving crank, double-crank connecting rod are installed above mill, driving crank and belt wheel are connected on same axis, belt wheel drives driving crank motion, and drive double-crank mechanism, thus mill is normally worked;
Described double rocker mechanism is positioned at the base plate lower left corner, and drive crank is provided with baffle plate, is a disc cam below baffle plate, disc cam is fixed on camshaft, drive disc cam to rotate by cam axle, thus drive drive crank motion, drive screen tray to move up and down;
Described crank and rocker mechanism is positioned on the left of gearbox case, and driving link is connected with the upper transmission axle of variator, and stamping machine is pumped;
Described variator is positioned at the base plate lower right corner, upper transmission axle, power cam axle and power input shaft are located in gearbox case, power cam axle and power input shaft are provided with three groups of gears, gear change hand lever is provided with below variator, synchronizer position is changed by gear change hand lever, thus change gear combination, realize speed change;
Described well is positioned at base plate left side central portion, left support frame and right support frame is provided with above well, handle is fixed in left support frame and right support frame by bearing, ratchet is connected on the right side of handle, ratchet contacts with ratchet, and ratchet is arranged on riser, and by spring connection board and ratchet afterbody, thus realize the one-way movement of handle, play Anti-fall effect.
The number of teeth of described three groups of gears can be respectively 20,30,40, and module can be 2.0.
Synchronizer is equipped with described variator, the conversion that can realize between rotating speed simply by synchronizer.
The number of teeth of described ratchet can be 12, and pressure angle can be 20 °, can allow anticlockwise rotation, and hinder clockwise rotation, thus effectively realize prevent bucket from falling effect.
The base radius of described disc cam can be 20mm, pumps for promoting push rod, thus promotes the swing of the driving link of double rocking lever.
Waterwheel of the present invention is arranged on the right side of base as power resources; Velocity reversal throw-over gear is positioned on the right side of the base first half, is connected with waterwheel by transmission shaft, and inside is provided with bevel-gear sett, for by vertical direction rotational transform being horizontal direction rotation; Described mill is positioned on the left of the first half of base, uses double-crank mechanism to drive; Wheel box is positioned on the right side of base Lower Half, is made up of fixed shaft gear train; Stamping machine is positioned on the left of wheel box, uses crank and rocker mechanism to drive; Sieve is positioned on the left of base Lower Half, uses double rocker mechanism to drive; Cam is positioned at double rocking lever driving link bottom, for promoting driving link to-and-fro movement; Well is positioned in the middle of mill and sieve; Ratchet is positioned at one end of well water lift handle, prevents well in water lift process from dropping; Above-mentioned various piece is respectively as a module, and whole teaching aid carries out modular design, can be spliced and form, also can dismantle as required by modules.
As can be seen here, the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
1, the environment by ancient water mill shows mechanical relevant knowledge, and improve classroom interest, stimulating students ' interests, reaches the effect of teaching through lively activities.Meanwhile, function of the present invention is abundanter, and more specifically, structure is advantages of simple more for exhibition method, and teaching efficiency is better.
2, the operational process of double-crank mechanism, crank and rocker mechanism, double rocker mechanism is shown respectively by the course of work of mill, stamping machine, sieve three.Further, three kinds of mechanisms are identical respectively by four pole lengths of control variate method three kinds of mechanisms, but the position at frame place difference shows the formation condition of three kinds of mechanisms.
3, in three kinds of mechanisms of the present invention, four pole lengths are all respectively set to 55mm, 80mm, 85mm, 90mm, and meet 55+90<80+85, both there is turn over pair.The shelf position of three kinds of mechanisms arranges difference, and in mill four-bar mechanism, most quarter butt is frame, forms double-crank mechanism; In stamping machine four-bar mechanism, the adjacent side of most quarter butt is frame, forms crank and rocker mechanism; In sieve four-bar mechanism, most stock is frame, forms double rocker mechanism.So far, the three types of four-bar linkage and the condition of their formation can be shown.
4, because the position of mill is provided with slide rail, the length of frame is changed by shift position, and form parallelogram by the length changing other bars, and then show the special circumstances of double-crank mechanism: parallel-crank mechanism and antiparallel-crank mechanism.
5, specifically show fixed shaft gear train by the functional realiey of wheel box, its effect is too fast at waterwheel rotating speed or regulates when crossing slow, ensures that each function of mill can obtain required rotating speed.Variator is provided with three groups of gears, and module is 2.0, and the number of teeth is respectively 20,30,40, can provide 1: 2,1: 0.5,1: 1 three kind of ratio of gear, is respectively used to accelerate, slow down and keep rotating speed constant.Synchronizer is equipped with variator, the conversion that can realize between rotating speed simply by synchronizer.
6, show ratchet by well anti-dropping apparatus, its main effect prevents bucket in water lift process from falling.This ratchet device adopt be external ratchet device, the ratchet number of teeth is 12, and pressure angle is 20 °, can allow anticlockwise rotation, and hinder clockwise rotation, thus effectively realize prevent bucket from falling effect.
7, show cam by the motion of double rocker mechanism driving link, sieve place transmission shaft is provided with a disc cam, base radius is 20mm, pumps for promoting push rod, thus promotes the swing of the driving link of double rocking lever.Further, when lift reaches maximal value and minimum value, just in time make the swing of double rocking lever reach capacity position, thus enable double rocking lever normally realize reciprocally swinging.
8, the present invention relies on the functional structure of mill in ancient times, provides a kind of multi-functional mechanical principle and shows teaching aid, can be named as " illusion " mill.The present invention, according to this specific background environment of the watermill had characteristic ancient times, uses mechanical knowledge to realize the function of mill, and then shows relevant mechanical knowledge.This teaching aid comprises power system, kinematic train, speed change system, executive system four parts on the whole, the mechanical principle knowledge of showing comprises four-bar linkage three types double-crank mechanism, crank and rocker mechanism, double rocker mechanism, fixed shaft gear train, ratchet, cam.Compare with existing teaching aid, interest of the present invention is stronger, the better effects if of teaching through lively activities, and teaching efficiency is better; In addition, function of the present invention is abundanter, and more specifically, structure is advantages of simple more for exhibition method.
9, the present invention has taken into full account the feature of mechanical subject, and utilize ancient water mill environment as a setting, the correlation function in conjunction with mill shows mechanical relevant knowledge, has really accomplished to teach through lively activities.In addition, feature richness of the present invention, simple and reasonable, can realize making complicated mechanical knowledge to simplify, make that abstract theory is specialized, imagery, make uninteresting content interest and appeal, effectively improve the effect of teaching.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure composition schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is A place well enlarged diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of B place double rocker mechanism in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the cut-open view of the vertical transmission shaft in D place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the enlarged diagram of C place synchronizer in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
As Fig. 1 ~ 5, the embodiment of the present invention is provided with crank and rocker mechanism, waterwheel 17, base plate 10, waterwheel transmission shaft 18, vertically bevel gear 38, horizontal bevel gear 37, bevel gear shaft 36, belt wheel 15, mill 12, mill base 11, driven crank 13, driving crank 16, double-crank connecting rod 14, double rocker mechanism, baffle plate 5, disc cam 4, camshaft 2, screen tray 6, variator 21, well 26, left support frame 25, right support frame 28, handle 27, ratchet 32, ratchet 31, spring 29, riser 30.
Described double rocker mechanism is provided with drive crank 34, driven rocking bar 33, double rocking lever connecting rod 35; Described variator 21 is provided with upper transmission axle 19, power cam axle 22, power input shaft 23 and gear change hand lever 20; Described crank and rocker mechanism is provided with connecting link 24, follower lever 3, driving lever 1, stamping machine 8, smashes tank 9, bracing frame 7.
Described waterwheel 17 is positioned on the right side of base plate 10, as the power resources of whole teaching aid, waterwheel transmission shaft 18 one end is connected by pin with waterwheel 17, waterwheel transmission shaft 18 other end is connected with vertical bevel gear 38, vertical bevel gear 38 engages with horizontal bevel gear 37, thus rotation direction is changed into horizontally rotate, and movable belt pulley 15 is with to rotate by bevel gear shaft 36.
Described mill 12 is positioned at base plate 10 upper left corner, mill 12 is arranged on above mill base 11, driven crank 13, driving crank 16, double-crank connecting rod 14 are installed above mill 12, driving crank 16 and belt wheel 15 are connected on same axis, belt wheel 15 drives driving crank 16 to move, and drive double-crank mechanism, thus mill 12 is normally worked.
Described double rocker mechanism is positioned at base plate 10 lower left corner, and drive crank 34 is provided with baffle plate 5, is a disc cam 4 below baffle plate 5, disc cam 4 is fixed on camshaft 2, being rotated by camshaft 2 drives disc cam 4 to rotate, thus drives drive crank 34 to move, and drives screen tray 6 to move up and down.
Described crank and rocker mechanism is positioned on the left of variator 21 shell, and driving link 24 is connected with the upper transmission axle 19 of variator 21, and stamping machine 8 is pumped.
Described variator 21 is positioned at base plate 10 lower right corner, upper transmission axle 19, power cam axle 22 are located in gearbox case with power input shaft 23, power cam axle 22 and power input shaft 23 are provided with three groups of gears, gear change hand lever 20 is provided with below variator 21, synchronizer position is changed by gear change hand lever 20, thus change gear combination, realize speed change.
Described well 26 is positioned at base plate 10 left side central portion, left support frame 25 and right support frame 28 is provided with above well 26, handle 27 is fixed in left support frame 25 and right support frame 28 by bearing, ratchet 32 is connected on the right side of handle 27, ratchet 32 contacts with ratchet 31, and ratchet 31 is arranged on riser 30, and by spring 29 connection board 30 and ratchet 27 afterbody, thus realize the one-way movement of handle, play Anti-fall effect.
The number of teeth of described three groups of gears can be respectively 20,30,40, and module can be 2.0.
Synchronizer is equipped with described variator, the conversion that can realize between rotating speed simply by synchronizer.
The number of teeth of described ratchet can be 12, and pressure angle can be 20 °, can allow anticlockwise rotation, and hinder clockwise rotation, thus effectively realize prevent bucket from falling effect.
The base radius of described disc cam can be 20mm, pumps for promoting push rod, thus promotes the swing of the driving link of double rocking lever.
The present invention uses ancient water mill environment displaying as a setting associated mechanical knowledge.Vertical direction rotational transform is that the function that horizontal direction is rotated uses bevel-gear sett to realize by velocity reversal throw-over gear.Double-crank mechanism is shown in conjunction with mill functional realiey.Described fixed shaft gear train realizes showing in conjunction with gearbox function.Crank and rocker mechanism is shown in conjunction with stamping machine functional realiey.Double rocker mechanism is shown in conjunction with sieve functional realiey.Cam is shown in conjunction with the to-and-fro movement of double rocking lever driving link.Ratchet is shown in conjunction with the requirement of well Anti-fall.Teaching aid is split as multiple part and carries out modular design.
Principal feature of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention is dexterously by this background environment of ancient water mill, is integrated among mill by multiple physical construction, realizes the displaying of associated mechanical principle.Wherein, double-crank mechanism is shown in conjunction with mill functional realiey, crank and rocker mechanism is shown in conjunction with stamping machine functional realiey, double rocker mechanism is shown in conjunction with sieve functional realiey, fixed shaft gear train realizes showing in conjunction with gearbox function, cam is shown in conjunction with the motion of double rocking lever driving link, and ratchet is shown in conjunction with the requirement of well Anti-fall.
2, the theory of modular design is adopted, using various piece in feature 1 as a module, whole teaching aid carries out modular design, can be spliced form by modules, also can dismantle as required, make teaching aid can reach better use value and teaching efficiency.
3, effectively improve classroom interesting, stimulating students ' interests, reaches the effect of teaching through lively activities.
4, strong adaptability, the present invention is Multifunctional demonstration teaching aid, and function is very abundant, can adapt to multiple teaching request.
5, workable, although the present invention is powerful simple and reasonable, be easy to the practical operation of teacher and student.
6, by the demonstration of concrete function, reach the abstract teaching purpose specialized, complexity is simplified.
7, economy of the present invention is strong, is beneficial to and promotes the use of.

Claims (4)

1. multi-functional mechanical principle shows a teaching aid, it is characterized in that being provided with crank and rocker mechanism, waterwheel, base plate, waterwheel transmission shaft, vertically bevel gear, horizontal bevel gear, bevel gear shaft, belt wheel, mill, mill base, driven crank, driving crank, double-crank connecting rod, double rocker mechanism, baffle plate, disc cam, camshaft, screen tray, variator, well, left support frame, right support frame, handle, ratchet, ratchet, spring, riser;
Described double rocker mechanism is provided with drive crank, driven rocking bar, double rocking lever connecting rod;
Described variator is provided with upper transmission axle, power cam axle, power input shaft and gear change hand lever;
Described crank and rocker mechanism is provided with connecting link, follower lever, driving lever, stamping machine, smashes tank, bracing frame;
Described waterwheel is positioned on the right side of base plate, as the power resources of whole teaching aid, waterwheel transmission shaft one end is connected by pin with waterwheel, the waterwheel transmission shaft other end is connected with vertical bevel gear, vertical bevel gear engages with horizontal bevel gear, thus rotation direction is changed into horizontally rotate, and rotated by bevel gear shaft band movable belt pulley;
Described mill is positioned at the base plate upper left corner, mill is arranged on above mill base, driven crank, driving crank, double-crank connecting rod are installed above mill, driving crank and belt wheel are connected on same axis, belt wheel drives driving crank motion, and drive double-crank mechanism, thus mill is normally worked;
Described double rocker mechanism is positioned at the base plate lower left corner, and drive crank is provided with baffle plate, is a disc cam below baffle plate, disc cam is fixed on camshaft, drive disc cam to rotate by cam axle, thus drive drive crank motion, drive screen tray to move up and down;
Described crank and rocker mechanism is positioned on the left of gearbox case, and driving link is connected with the upper transmission axle of variator, and stamping machine is pumped;
Described variator is positioned at the base plate lower right corner, upper transmission axle, power cam axle and power input shaft are located in gearbox case, power cam axle and power input shaft are provided with three groups of gears, gear change hand lever is provided with below variator, synchronizer position is changed by gear change hand lever, thus change gear combination, realize speed change;
Described well is positioned at base plate left side central portion, is provided with left support frame and right support frame above well, and handle is fixed in left support frame and right support frame by bearing, ratchet is connected on the right side of handle, ratchet contacts with ratchet, and ratchet is arranged on riser, and by spring connection board and ratchet afterbody.
2. a kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that the number of teeth of described three groups of gears is respectively 20,30,40, module is 2.0.
3. a kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that the number of teeth of described ratchet is 12, pressure angle is 20 °.
4. a kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the base radius of described disc cam is 20mm.
CN201410414421.9A 2014-08-21 2014-08-21 A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle shows teaching aid Expired - Fee Related CN104157204B (en)

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CN107036843A (en) * 2017-04-07 2017-08-11 芜湖航飞科技股份有限公司 A kind of hydrological observation device based on big-dipper satellite
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CN110648581A (en) * 2019-10-17 2020-01-03 浙江大学城市学院 Manual type plane cam profile acquisition experiment teaching device and experiment method

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