CN104155705A - Method of using foundation infrared cloud measurement instrument to measure precipitable water vapor (PWV) indirectly - Google Patents
Method of using foundation infrared cloud measurement instrument to measure precipitable water vapor (PWV) indirectly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method of using a foundation infrared cloud measurement instrument to measure the atmosphere precipitable water indirectly. The method has the following steps of (1) establishing a statistical regression model of the zenith infrared brightness temperature, the near-surface environment temperature and the PWV and utilizing a least square method to solve the model to obtain the regression coefficients of factors; (2) determining a zenith cloudless area by the measurement data of the foundation infrared cloud measurement instrument and obtaining a brightness temperature value of the area; (3) substituting a zenith infrared brightness temperature and a near-surface environment temperature which are obtained by the foundation infrared cloud measurement instrument into the statistical regression model to estimate the PWV and carry out the adaptive adjustment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to surface weather observation field, relate to a kind of measuring method of Atmospheric Precipitable Water, especially a kind of method of utilizing ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water.
Background technology
Atmospheric Precipitable Water (PWV) is important in ground infrared cloud detection process.At the atmospheric window district of 8-14 μ m wave band, steam is very important influence factor.The inaccurate meeting that PWV measures causes the error of cloud detection result.PWV measuring method mainly contains sonde data Integral computation method and the Ground-Based GPS method of inversion comparatively accurately at present.Yet, because Sounding Data only has twice every day, be difficult to meet the high time resolution demand of ground infrared cloud detection sensor; And Ground-Based GPS inverting rule is not yet installed relevant device due to many stations, PWV data cannot guarantee.
The required PWV data of ground infrared cloud detection technology generally configure Temperature Humidity Sensor by instrument self at present, utilize Ground Meteorological information calculation method to obtain.It is mainly to estimate the content of PWV in atmosphere according to the statistical relationship of PWV and temperature near the ground, humidity.This statistical relationship set up according to being: the steam overwhelming majority in atmosphere concentrates on the lower troposphere, surface layer moisture content is occupied very large proportion in integrated water vapor, therefore PWV depends on the size of moisture content near the ground to a great extent, should have significantly relevant to subaerial temperature, humidity.But only rely on subaerial meteorological element, carry out the reckoning of integrated water vapor and certainly exist error, the PWV that this climatic statistics relation obtains is difficult to completely consistent with actual PWV.Thereby while causing ground infrared cloud detection instrument to carry out cloud detection, there is deviation.
At infrared band, steam has many important absorption bands, and therefore, the downward infrared radiation of sky is subject to the impact of steam larger, and in physical essence, the two has very large relevance.In addition, because ground infrared cloud detection instrument provides the abundant downward infrared radiation of sky, and when surveying cloud, temperature, the humidity of surface air are provided by environmental parameter measuring mechanism again, thereby provide possible new way for combining numerous information calculation PWV.
Summary of the invention
Thereby estimate the inaccurate problem that causes the cloud detection of ground infrared cloud detection instrument to occur deviation of PWV in order to solve traditional Surface Meteorological of utilizing, the object of the invention is, propose a kind of based on the downward infrared radiation of atmosphere in the cloudless situation of zenith in conjunction with the method for temperature estimation PWV near the ground.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: a kind of method of utilizing ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set up the statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV and utilize least square method to model solution, obtaining the regression coefficient of each factor;
The statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV is Y=a
0+ a
1* PWV+a
2* T.Wherein, Y is zenith infrared brightness temperature, a
0, a
1and a
2for treating the coefficient of matching; After each coefficient solves, obtain PWV=(Y-a
0-a
2* T)/a
1; T is environment temperature near the ground;
Carry out the data collection time scope that the statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV solves and be no less than 1 year, carry out Data Matching: when the time point of Data Matching is corresponding sounding time, data comprise the downward infrared radiation Value Data of zenith atmosphere and ambient temperature data near the ground, sounding data and the artificial ground meteorological measuring that ground infrared cloud detection instrument obtains simultaneously; Sounding data integral and calculating is drawn to PWV, the downward infrared radiation value of atmosphere is converted to sky temperature value; Then, based on sounding data and artificial observation data, pick out the cloudless zenith infrared brightness temperature data of zenith, and set up data set; The zenith here refers to 10 ° of zenith angles with interior region.(during actual use, if cloudless when zenith angle is 0 °, get the bright temperature of this point as data set, if this point has cloud, 10 ° of zenith angles with interior search cloud-free area, and using its bright temperature after zenith angle correction as data set.)
(2) utilize the measurement data judgement cloudless region of zenith of ground infrared cloud detection instrument and obtain the bright temperature value in this district.Carry out sky temperature with the distribution situation analysis of zenith angle and the texture analysis of zenith region infrared radiation image, and comprehensively judge.
Wherein, sky temperature with the way of the distribution situation analysis of zenith angle is: statistics sky temperature is with the distribution situation of zenith angle; Owing to there being sky temperature in cloud situation to have obvious difference with sky temperature under the distribution of zenith angle and clear sky condition with the distribution of zenith angle, this step is mainly used in obtaining day having the cloudless situation of cloud in vain, and mark cloud point;
Wherein, the method of the texture analysis of zenith region infrared radiation image is: infrared radiation image is carried out to texture analysis with 5 * 5 minizone, adopt local binary patterns (LBP algorithm) algorithm to carry out texture feature extraction, and the method mark cloud point that adopts image to cut apart;
Wherein, the method for the comprehensive judgement of cloud-free area is.By above-mentioned steps respectively cloud point and the non-cloud point of mark carry out comprehensively, if be all judged to non-cloud point, think that this point is for cloudless, otherwise be designated as cloud.If 10 ° of zenith angles with the interior cloud-free area that exists, by cloud-free area sky temperature after zenith angle correction, get intermediate value as the sky temperature in clear sky district storage.Otherwise think that zenith has cloud, storage 0 ° of corresponding sky temperature of zenith angle is also labeled as the bright temperature of cloud.
(3) the zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature of ground infrared cloud detection instrument being obtained, the statistical regression model of environment temperature substitution PWV near the ground, estimation PWV also carries out self-adaptation adjustment, and concrete mode is:
If there is zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature, according to formula PWV=(Y-a
0-a
2* T)/a
1obtain first value of guessing of PWV; If do not exist, according to traditional ground humiture estimation PWV as the first value of guessing; Then, by just guessing in the look-up table that PWV substitution is built up in advance, obtain radiation threshold value, and utilize this radiation threshold value to carry out cloud detection, this cloud detection result and texture cloud detection result are compared; If the cloud detection result of this step is less than texture cloud detection result more than 1 one-tenth, PWV is adjusted downwards with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Otherwise, PWV is adjusted upward with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Using PWV now as estimation result store.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: at infrared spectrum wave band, steam has many important absorption bands, therefore, the downward infrared radiation of sky is subject to the impact of steam larger, and in physical essence, the two has very large relevance.And by environmental parameter measuring mechanism, provide temperature, the humidity of surface air, thereby be the numerous information calculations of associating PWV accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram that utilizes ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water that the present invention proposes.
Fig. 2 utilizes the method PWV calculating and the difference of only utilizing between the PWV of humiture estimation near the ground and the PWV of Sounding Data calculating that the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram that utilizes ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water that the present invention proposes.The embodiment of described method is as follows:
(1) set up the statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV and utilize least square method to model solution, obtaining the regression coefficient of each factor.Concrete steps are:
Step 1: set up data set.Time range is no less than 1 year, and when Data Matching time point is corresponding sounding time, data comprise the downward infrared radiation Value Data of zenith atmosphere and ambient temperature data near the ground, sounding data and the artificial ground meteorological measuring that ground infrared cloud detection instrument obtains.Sounding data integral and calculating is drawn to PWV, the downward infrared radiation value of atmosphere is converted to sky temperature value.Then, based on sounding data and artificial observation data, pick out the cloudless data of zenith, and set up data set.The zenith here refers to 10 ° of zenith angles with interior region.During actual use, if cloudless when zenith angle is 0 °, get the bright temperature of this point as data set, if this point has cloud, 10 ° of zenith angles with interior search cloud-free area, and using its bright temperature after zenith angle correction as data set.
Step 2: set up statistical regression model.Using sky temperature value as dependent variable, PWV and environment temperature T near the ground are as independent variable.The downward infrared radiation of 8-14 μ m sky is relevant with moisture content, and PWV is as the physical quantity that characterizes moisture content in large gas column, closely bound up with the downward infrared radiation of sky in physical essence; In addition, the infrared radiation that instrument receives had both comprised the infrared radiation that sky is downward, also comprised the infrared radiation of surrounding environment transmitting, and therefore environment temperature near the ground is also a material impact factor of the infrared radiation that receives of instrument.According to above discussion, can set up regression model: Y=a
0+ a
1* PWV+a
2* T.Wherein, Y is sky temperature, a
0, a
1and a
2for treating the coefficient of matching.
Step 3: least square method is to model solution.In this step, be mainly by n, to organize observation sample to set up multiple linear regression model, write as the form of matrix
wherein X represents the matrix of independent variable PWV and T.Definition
least square method is found exactly coefficient matrices A and is made deviation Q minimum.Therefore, by
can obtain: A=(X
ty)
-1x
ty.Thereby try to achieve each coefficient of above-mentioned model.
So, can obtain:
PWV＝(Y-a
0-a
2×T)/a
1。(1)
(2) utilize the measurement data judgement cloudless region of zenith of ground infrared cloud detection instrument and obtain the bright temperature value in this district.Concrete steps have:
Step 1: sky temperature is with the distribution situation analysis of zenith angle.Owing to there being sky temperature in cloud situation to have obvious difference with sky temperature under the distribution of zenith angle and clear sky condition with the distribution of zenith angle, this step is mainly used in obtaining day having the cloudless situation of cloud in vain, and mark cloud point;
Step 2: the texture analysis of zenith region infrared radiation image.Infrared radiation image is carried out to texture analysis with 5 * 5 minizone, adopt local binary patterns (LBP algorithm) algorithm to carry out texture feature extraction, and the method mark cloud point that adopts image to cut apart;
Step 3: cloud-free area comprehensively judges.By in step 1 and step 2 respectively the cloud point of mark and non-cloud point carry out comprehensively, if be all judged to non-cloud point in step 1 and 2, think that this point is for cloudless, otherwise be designated as cloud.If 10 ° of zenith angles with the interior cloud-free area that exists, by cloud-free area sky temperature after zenith angle correction, get intermediate value as the sky temperature in clear sky district storage.Otherwise think that zenith has cloud, storage 0 ° of corresponding sky temperature of zenith angle is also labeled as the bright temperature of cloud.
(3) the zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature of ground infrared cloud detection instrument being obtained, environment temperature substitution regression model near the ground, estimation PWV also carries out self-adaptation adjustment.Concrete steps are:
Step 1: just guess PWV.If there is zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature, according to formula (1), obtain first value of guessing of PWV; If do not exist, according to traditional ground humiture estimation PWV as the first value of guessing.
Step 2: adjust PWV.By just guessing in the look-up table that PWV substitution is built up in advance, obtain radiation threshold value, and utilize this radiation threshold value to carry out cloud detection, the middle texture cloud detection result in this cloud detection result and (2) is compared.If the cloud detection result of this step is less than cloud detection result in (2) more than 1 one-tenth, PWV is adjusted downwards with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Otherwise, PWV is adjusted upward with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Using PWV now as estimation result store.Fig. 2 utilizes the method PWV calculating and the difference of only utilizing between the PWV of humiture estimation near the ground and the PWV of Sounding Data calculating that the present invention proposes.The visible the present invention of utilization carries out PWV and estimates that the PWV calculating with Sounding Data is more approaching.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. utilize ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure a method for Atmospheric Precipitable Water, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) set up the statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and Atmospheric Precipitable Water PWV and utilize least square method to model solution, obtaining the regression coefficient of each factor;
The statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV is Y=a
0+ a
1* PWV+a
2* T; Wherein, Y is zenith infrared brightness temperature, a
0, a
1and a
2for treating the coefficient of matching; After each coefficient solves, obtain PWV=(Y-a
0-a
2* T)/a
1; T is environment temperature near the ground;
Carry out the data collection time scope that the statistical regression model of zenith infrared brightness temperature, environment temperature near the ground and PWV solves and be no less than 1 year, carry out Data Matching: when the time point of Data Matching is corresponding sounding time, data comprise the downward infrared radiation Value Data of zenith atmosphere and ambient temperature data near the ground, sounding data and the artificial ground meteorological measuring that ground infrared cloud detection instrument obtains simultaneously; Sounding data integral and calculating is drawn to PWV, the downward infrared radiation value of atmosphere is converted to sky temperature value; Then, based on sounding data and artificial observation data, pick out the cloudless zenith infrared brightness temperature data of zenith, and set up data set; The zenith here refers to 10 ° of zenith angles with interior region;
(2) utilize the measurement data judgement cloudless region of zenith of ground infrared cloud detection instrument and obtain the bright temperature value in this district; Carry out sky temperature with the distribution situation analysis of zenith angle and the texture analysis of zenith region infrared radiation image, and comprehensively judge;
Wherein, sky temperature with the way of the distribution situation analysis of zenith angle is: statistics sky temperature is with the distribution situation of zenith angle; Owing to there being sky temperature in cloud situation to have obvious difference with sky temperature under the distribution of zenith angle and clear sky condition with the distribution of zenith angle, this step is mainly used in obtaining day having the cloudless situation of cloud in vain, and mark cloud point;
Wherein, the method of the texture analysis of zenith region infrared radiation image is: infrared radiation image is carried out to texture analysis with 5 * 5 minizone, adopt local binary patterns (LBP algorithm) algorithm to carry out texture feature extraction, and the method mark cloud point that adopts image to cut apart;
Wherein, the method for the comprehensive judgement of cloud-free area is.By above-mentioned steps respectively cloud point and the non-cloud point of mark carry out comprehensively, if be all judged to non-cloud point, think that this point is for cloudless, otherwise be designated as cloud.If 10 ° of zenith angles with the interior cloud-free area that exists, by cloud-free area sky temperature after zenith angle correction, get intermediate value as the sky temperature in clear sky district storage.Otherwise think that zenith has cloud, storage 0 ° of corresponding sky temperature of zenith angle is also labeled as the bright temperature of cloud.
(3) the zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature of ground infrared cloud detection instrument being obtained, the statistical regression model of environment temperature substitution PWV near the ground, estimation PWV also carries out self-adaptation adjustment, and concrete mode is:
If there is zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature, according to formula PWV=(Y-a
0-a
2* T)/a
1obtain first value of guessing of PWV; If do not exist, according to traditional ground humiture estimation PWV as the first value of guessing; Then, by just guessing in the look-up table that PWV substitution is built up in advance, obtain radiation threshold value, and utilize this radiation threshold value to carry out cloud detection, this cloud detection result and texture cloud detection result are compared; If the cloud detection result of this step is less than texture cloud detection result more than 1 one-tenth, PWV is adjusted downwards with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop; Otherwise, PWV is adjusted upward with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Using PWV now as estimation result store.
2. the method for utilizing ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water according to claim 1, it is cloudless when if it is characterized in that, zenith angle is 0 °, get the bright temperature of this point as data set, if this point has cloud, 10 ° of zenith angles with interior search cloud-free area, and using its bright temperature after zenith angle correction as data set.
3. the method for utilizing ground infrared cloud detection instrument indirectly to measure Atmospheric Precipitable Water according to claim 1, while it is characterized in that utilizing the measurement data of ground infrared cloud detection instrument to judge the cloudless region of zenith, adopted sky temperature with the distribution of zenith angle and the texture analysis synthetic determination of infrared radiation image: while carrying out the cloudless synthetic determination of zenith, if sky temperature is with being all judged to non-cloud point in the distribution of zenith angle and the texture analysis of infrared radiation image, think that this point is for cloudless, otherwise be designated as cloud.
4. the ground infrared cloud detection instrument that utilizes according to claim 1 is measured the method for Atmospheric Precipitable Water indirectly, has zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature if it is characterized in that, according to formula PWV=(Y-a0-a2 * T)/a1, obtains first value of guessing of PWV; If there is not zenith cloud-free area zenith infrared brightness temperature, according to traditional ground humiture estimation PWV as the first value of guessing; Then, by just guessing in the look-up table that PWV substitution is built up in advance, obtain radiation threshold value, and utilize this radiation threshold value to carry out cloud detection, this cloud detection result and texture cloud detection result are compared; If the cloud detection result of this step is less than texture cloud detection result more than 1 one-tenth, PWV is adjusted downwards with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop; Otherwise, PWV is adjusted upward with the step-length of 0.1mm, until differing 1 one-tenth, both with interior, stop.Using PWV now as estimation result store.
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