CN109709558A - A kind of physics inversion algorithm of satellite-borne microwave remote sensing Over-land PWV - Google Patents
A kind of physics inversion algorithm of satellite-borne microwave remote sensing Over-land PWV Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the physical retrieval method of satellite-borne microwave remote sensing Over-land PWV a kind of, this method is from the disturbance form of atmospheric radiative transfer equation, by solving the synchronous offset for calculating initial atmosphere moisture profile and surface temperature of system of linear equations, and then realize the Simultaneous Retrieving of the bright mild PWV of window area channel earth's surface.Method provided by the invention, depolarization dry atmosphere are not influenced outside by ground surface type substantially.Algorithm is verified using the measured data of U.S. locations ATMS, related coefficient, RMSE and the bias of inversion result and SuomiNet GPS PWV are respectively as follows: 0.95,0.05cm and 0.05cm.In addition, giving the linear local correction model for being simulated and being observed the PWV result of the bright temperature difference based on vapor channel, the revised PWV and GPS PWV goodness of fit is more preferable, and related coefficient, RMSE and bias are respectively as follows: 0.98,0.02cm and 0.01cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of image processing more particularly to a kind of physics of satellite-borne microwave remote sensing Over-land PWV
Inversion method.
Background technique
Steam all plays an important role (Solomon et in the research such as climate change, water circulation, energy equilibrium
al.2007；Zveryaev andAllan 2005).In addition, it is also the most abundant greenhouse gases of earth atmosphere, steam and its
Variation is the main drive of weather and climate change, is had an important influence to prediction rainfall, Small and Medium Sized bad weather
(Dessler et al.2008；Raval and Ramanathan 1989).Atmospheric Precipitable Water (precipitable
Watervapor, hereinafter referred to as: PWV) refer to total moisture content that whole atmosphere integrates on unit area.It is weather
A very important parameter (Nakamura et in energy budget analysis, water circulation and numerical weather forecast application
al.2004；Smith et al.2000；Trenberth et al.2009).In addition, PWV is also to influence earth's surface satellite remote sensing to answer
One important parameter, such as Surface Temperature Retrieval, Atmospheric Correction etc. require this auxiliary parameter of PWV (Julien et
al.2015；Li et al.2013；Sobrino and Romaguera 2008；Vermote et al.2002).
Currently, the existing available PWV information of multiple technologies means, such as sounding, GPS, microwave radiometer, the ground sun
(the Alshawafet al.2015 such as photometer and satellite remote sensing observation；Czajkowski et al.2002；Firsov et
al.2013；Li et al.2003；Liu et al.2017；Seemann et al.2003；Wang et al.2015).Satellite
The characteristics of observation is by its exclusive time, spatial resolution can effectively provide the PWV letter in the even global range of region
Breath.Satellite remote sensing PWV can be divided into near-infrared (NIR), thermal infrared (TIR) and microwave algorithm (Deeter 2007 by wave band；Gao
and Kaufman 2003；Suggs et al.1998).NIR remote sensing can usually obtain the PWV information of degree of precision, such as
The NIR steam product of MODIS has been widely used (Gao and Kaufman 2003).But NIR algorithm is easy by cloud, gas
The influence of colloidal sol, and it is only capable of obtaining the PWV information in the case of daytime.Daytime and evening under the conditions of the available clear sky of TIR algorithm
On PWV information can not equally obtain cloud sector PWV information (Julien et but since infra-red radiation can not penetrate cloud layer
al.2015；Liu et al.2015；Ren et al.2015).
Passive microwave remote sensing is small by atmospheric interference, can penetrate cloud layer, or even can penetrate a degree of rain belt, can make up
Deficiency (the Bobylev et al.2010 of NIR and TIR remote sensing PWV；Grody et al.1980).Visit it in round-the-clock PWV
Surveying aspect has preferable development potentiality.Steam has weak and strong absorption line in 22.235GHz and 183.31GHz respectively, at present
Microwave Precipitable remote sensing is that (Bobylev et al.2010 is unfolded around the two wave bands；Grody 1976；Jones
andVonder Haar 1990)。
The PWV inversion algorithm of passive microwave data can substantially be divided into 4 classes: statistic algorithm, half statistic algorithm, neural network
Algorithm and physics inversion algorithm (Aires et al.2001；Alishouse et al.1990；Bobylev et al.2010；
Boukabara et al.2010；Deeter 2007；Grody 1976；Grody et al.1980；Ji et al.2017；
Tjemkes et al.1991).In addition, passive microwave data are also often and infrared high spectrum data aggregate is using carrying out inverting atmosphere
Profile.Statistics and half statistic algorithm are mainly the experience for constructing the bright temperature of microwave (brightness temperature, BT) and PWV
Relationship, to realize the inverting of PWV.Neural network is then the nonlinear dependence constructed between PWV and input parameter by training data
System, to realize the inverting of PWV.Physical Modeling is then the road radiation transmission process for considering Atmospheric Microwave, on given atmosphere and ground
Carry out forward modelling on the basis of table parameter initial fields, the inverting of PWV is finally realized by realized value function minimization, such as
Optimal estimation and 1 dimension variational algorithm.Under normal conditions, algorithm above needs the Initial Information of emissivity mostly.Ocean surface is equal
One, emissivity is easy to estimate, and the ocean overhead PWV efficiency of inverse process of these algorithms is preferable.
In contrast, since the uncertainty of land surface emissivity is larger, the PWV inverting in earth's surface overhead is a Xiang Feichang
Challenging work (Boukabara et al.2010；Wang et al.2015), the inverting of Over-land PWV at present is also
In the exploratory stage.Nearby channel penetrability is preferable by 22.235GHz, achieves good result in sky PWV inverting across the sea,
But its spatial resolution is lower.Nearby channel space resolution ratio is then higher by 183.31GHz, is also widely used for PWV in recent years
Detection.Currently, having multiple instruments has a 183.311GHz vapor channel, for example, AMSU/NOAA, AMSU/Metop, MHS/NOAA,
MHS/FY-3 and ATMS/NPP etc..ATMS is mounted in one of five observation instruments of Suomi NPP, is AMSU-A and MHS instrument
The subsequent microwave detector of device, it integrate temperature, humidity observation, have higher spatial resolution, bigger breadth with
And higher accuracy of observation.It combines across rail infrared detector CrIs (the Cross-track Infrared that NPP is carried
Sounder), generate high-resolution global temperatures, moisture profile data set and serve weather forecast, ATMS is also to obtain height
The PWV of precision provides good opportunity.
NOAA NESDIS(National Environmental Satellite,Data,and Information
Service it) is developed for Microwave sounder (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder, hereinafter referred to as: ATMS)
Two Inversion Systems: MiRS (Microwave Integrated Retrieval System) and NUCAPS (NOAAunique
Combined atmospheric processing system), businessization is run.MiRS is a kind of based on One-Dimensional Variational
The method of (1D-Var), can be with inverting difference earth's surface (land e.g., ocean, sea by using the bright temperature data of the multichannel of satellite
Ice, accumulated snow) Microwave Thermal Emission, MiRS has the inverting ability of round-the-clock atmosphere, cloud and Land Surface Parameters.NUCAPS be then after
The inversion algorithm for holding AIRS obtains cloudless radiation data and atmospheric temperature, moisture profile and big for handling CrIS/ATMS data
The products such as gas trace gas.It is anti-to do that MiRS and NUCAPS uses multiple Channels Brightness Temperatures (e.g. steam, oxygen absorption channel)
It drills, and needs the prior informations such as Reflectivity for Growing Season, atmospheric outline, theoretical and business process is complex.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of water vapor absorption based on ATMS 165.5GHz and 183.311GHz and window areas
The PWV physics inversion algorithm in channel.
A kind of Over-land PWV physics inversion algorithm, the following steps are included:
Step 1: the surface temperature and atmospheric temperature, moisture profile forecast fields of ECMWF are obtained, then according to moonscope picture
The longitude and latitude and temporal information of member carry out bilinear interpolation to ECMWF forecast fields, and the atmospheric outline after interpolation, surface temperature are made
For the initial guess of atmospheric field and surface temperature；
Step 2: utilizing satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level and step
Suddenly the atmospheric field that (1) obtains and the initial guess of surface temperature calculate satellite carried microwave radiometer 165GHz window area channel
With the bright temperature T in each channel in water vapor absorption channel near two 183GHzf1, atmospheric transmittance τf1, atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 3: atmospheric humidity profile w (p) initial value that step (1) obtains being disturbed, by moisture profile initial value tune
Whole is 1.10*w (p), while being counted using satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level
Calculate water vapor absorption channel near atmospheric humidity profile microwave radiometer 165GHz window area channel adjusted and two 183GHz
The bright temperature T in each channelf2, atmospheric transmittance τf2, atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 4: calculating atmospheric transmittance τf, atmosphere radiates upwardsTo the local derviation of moisture profile variation, atmosphere is penetrated
Rate, atmosphere radiate upwards is respectively as follows: the local derviation calculation formula of moisture profile
Step 5: utilizing surface temperature initial value Tgf, atmospheric transmittance τfAnd step (4) calculatingWithMeter
Calculate coefficient CλAnd Dλ；
Step 6: calculate satellite-borne microwave radiometer 165GHz and two 183GHz nearby the bright temperature of actual observation in channel and
RTTOV simulates the difference δ T of bright temperaturefn, then in conjunction with the coefficient C of step (5) calculatingλAnd Dλ, solved based on least square method following
The system of linear equations of formula obtains the amount of correcting δ r and the δ T of surface temperature and moisture profilegf, the final inverting for realizing PWV；
In formula, n be using total number of channels, δ TλnIt is different channels in the case of specific initial fields (f1, f2 ..., fn)
Calculate and observe the bright temperature difference, CλnAnd DλnIt can be calculated based on earth's surface, atmosphere prior information and radiative transmission mode.
The utility model has the advantages that
Method provided by the invention is based primarily upon 165GHz, and nearby the vapor channel bright temperature data of window area and 183.31GHz are opened
Exhibition, the bright mild water vapor profile initial value offset of Simultaneous Retrieving window area earth's surface, and then realize PWV inverting.The method does not need earth's surface
Emissivity prior information, required auxiliary data are mainly atmospheric temperature, moisture profile.It is higher as used in refutation process
Frequency channel observation, therefore the PWV spatial resolution obtained is also relatively high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is ATMS data decimation survey region and SuomiNet site location information；
Fig. 2 is Over-land PWV physics inversion algorithm flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (a) is that PWV inverting value and GPS PWV scheme；
Fig. 3 (b) is the two-dimensional histogram of PWV inversion error and VIIRS COD.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution below in the present invention carries out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The data that the present invention utilizes mainly include the bright temperature of L1b microwave of ATMS, the L2 cloud optical thickness of VIIRS, ECMWF
The GPS PWV data of interim atmospheric outline and SuomiNet.ECMWF data are mainly used for numerical simulation and as algorithms
Initial fields, to verification algorithm feasibility in simulation refutation process；GPS PWV is the reference data of verification algorithm；Satellite is seen
Measured data and cloud observation data are used for practical inversion.
ATMS detector is the New-generation microwave vertical probe inheriting AMSU-A/MHS and developing, and is weather service and gas
It waits application and provides Atmosphere temp.and RH information.It is defended currently, ATMS is equipped on NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Programme)
Star, and one of the main detection instrument that JPSS-1/JPSS-2 will be become.ATMS shares 22 detection channels, preceding 15 channel masters
It is used for temperature sensing, rear 7 channels to be detected for humidity, and wherein channel 1-7 and 16-17 is window area channel.With AMSU-A and
MHS compares, and ATMS has larger difference in port number, look-in frequency and polarization properties.4,19 and the 21 of ATMS are newly-increased
Detection channels, the detection channels increased can provide richer observation letter for atmosphere, surface parameters inversion and Data Assimilation system
Breath.AMTS track width is 2300km, and channel 1-2 substar resolution ratio is 75km, and channel 3-16 is 32km, and channel 17-22 is then
More observation data can be provided than traditional microwave radiometer for 16km, ATMS.
There are five water vapor absorption channel (see table 1) near 183.31GHz by ATMS, have compared more than AMSU 183.31
± 1.8GHz and 183.31 ± 4.5GHz, this is beneficial to the inversion accuracy for improving steam.The present invention will be based on the channel ATMS 17
PWV inverting is carried out in~22 window area and water vapor absorption channel.
1 ATMS channel characteristic of table
The present invention selected the PWV data by hour GPS of SuomiNet as reference data (http: //
Www.suominet.ucar.edu/data.html), to verify the PWV inversion result of north America region.The typical case of SuomiNet
PWV precision is 1-2mm.
The SuomiNet site-bound that the present invention uses is predominantly located at 30.5-48.8N, (Fig. 1 void between 68.0-124.5W
In line box), the elevation range of these websites is between 0.006-2.92km.Wherein, most of website is located at land, few
Part website is located at land and sea junction region, and the variation range of the GPS PWV of these websites is 0.2- between on August 6, -22 2016
6.87cm has good representativeness.
In addition, the present invention has also used the monthly average of ECMWF and the analysis of data again of 3 hourly averages, including atmospheric temperature,
Humidity, pressure and geopotential unit profile etc., these data be used to carry out radiation transmission simulation and calculate and as the initial of algorithm
?.
PWV inversion algorithm proposed by the invention is converted radiation transfer equation to based on small pertubation theory mathematically
Linear equation calculates the offset of initial surface temperature and atmospheric outline by solving multivariate linear equations, finally realizes PWV
With the inverting of LST (or surface BT).
In the case where microwave band does not consider atmospheric scattering effect, big pneumatic jack is radiated mainly upwards by the ground by atmospheric attenuation
Table radiation, atmosphere uplink radiation and the Downward atmospheric long-wave radiation composition for passing through earth surface reflection and atmospheric attenuation, Planck function
Meet Rayleigh-Jeans approximation in microwave band section, therefore the bright temperature of moonscope can indicate are as follows:
In formula, τfAnd εfIt is the transmitance and emissivity of frequency f, T respectivelysIt is surface temperature,It is Downward atmospheric long-wave radiation
Equivalent bright temperature, TskyIt is cosmic background radiation temperature (~2.7K),It is the equivalent bright temperature of atmosphere uplink radiation.
The atmosphere of earth's surface transmitting and reflection is downwards and cosmic background radiation can use surface BT TgfIt indicates, at this point,
Equation (1) can be further written as:
In window area channel, the bright temperature of moonscope and surface BT are closely related, and in the strong absorbing path of steam
(e.g.183GHz), observing bright temperature is then mainly influenced by atmospheric parameter (e.g. temperature, moisture profile), hardly by
The influence of surface BT.
It is assumed that first-guess temperature profile is identical as " true " profile, and the vertical structure of moisture profile is distributed
It is consistent with " true " moisture profile, but scale factor γ is needed to be corrected, γ is defined as:
W (p), w ' (p) are the vapor-to-liquid ratio profile of first-guess He " true " respectively in formula, and PW ' and PW are respectively
Corresponding first-guess and " true " PWV.At this point, γ and TgfDisturbance δ γ and δ TgfThe bright temperature of caused observation changes can be with
It indicates are as follows:
It is assumed that
Equation (4) then becomes linear (δ Tf=δ rCf+δTgfDf), wherein TgfIt is unknown number with δ r.At this point, being applied to
Two or more channels constitute following equation group:
In formula, n be using total number of channels, δ TλnIt is different channels in the case of specific initial fields (f1, f2 ..., fn)
Calculate and observe the bright temperature difference (Brightness temperature difference, BTD), CλnAnd DλnCan based on earth's surface,
Atmosphere prior information and radiative transmission mode (i.e., MODTRAN, RTTOV or CRTM) are calculated using equation (5).
Equation (6) owes fixed, and n equation has n+1 unknown number (n channel surface BT and 1 γ) always,
This is mathematically the Solve problems of ill-condition equation.We can reasonably select channel to effectively reduce the uncertain of equation solution
Property (or reduce equation unknown number), for example can choose the area a Ge Chuan channel and several 183GHz nearby water vapor absorption be logical
Road.As noted, the strong absorbing path observation of steam is main subject to the atmosphere, and hardly by the shadow of surfaceBT
It rings.Therefore, we can set the surfaceBT of strong absorbing path to the surfaceBT in window area channel, this will not bring obviously
Error, and unknown number number can be effectively reduced.
After being arranged in this way, only there are two unknown numbers for equation group (6): (1) window area channel surface BT；(2) water
Vapour corrects factor gamma.Under normal conditions, γ can be set to 1, TgfInitial value is set as window area channel (Ch17) and observes bright temperature.For
Equation (6) can find out δ r and δ T based on least square methodgfOptimal solution, final PWV inverting value be PW × (1+ δ γ),
Window area channel surfaceBT inverting value is Tgf+δTgf.Method set out above can be not required to the bright mild PWV of Simultaneous Retrieving earth's surface
Earth's surface emissivity information is wanted, priori emissivity uncertainty bring inversion error is avoided.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is Over-land PWV physics inversion algorithm flow chart of the present invention, this method includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: downloading European Center for Medium Weather Forecasting (European Centre forMedium-Range
Surface temperature and atmospheric temperature, moisture profile forecast fields WeatherForecasts, hereinafter referred to as: ECMWF), then basis
The longitude and latitude of moonscope pixel and temporal information carry out bilinear interpolation to ECMWF forecast fields, by after interpolation atmospheric outline,
Initial guess of the surface temperature as atmospheric field and surface temperature；
Step 2: by satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level and step (1)
The initial guess of obtained atmospheric field and surface temperature is input to atmospheric radiative transfer and quickly calculates mode RTTOV11.2) in,
Calculate the 165GHz window area channel satellite carried microwave radiometer (such as ATMS) and two 183GHz attachment water vapor absorption channels
Bright temperature (the T in each channelf1), atmospheric transmittance (τf1), atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 3: atmospheric humidity profile w (p) initial value that step (1) obtains being disturbed, by moisture profile initial value tune
Whole is 1.10*w (p), while satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level being input to
Atmospheric radiative transfer quickly calculates in mode RTTOV11.2, calculating atmospheric humidity profile microwave radiometer adjusted (such as
ATMS) bright temperature (the T in each channel in 165GHz window area channel and two 183GHz attachment water vapor absorption channelsf2), atmospheric transmittance
(τf2), atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 4: calculating atmospheric transmittance (τf), atmosphere radiates upwardsTo the local derviation of moisture profile variation, atmosphere is saturating
It crosses rate, atmosphere and radiates upwards and the local derviation calculation formula of moisture profile is respectively as follows:
Step 5: utilizing surface temperature initial value Tgf, atmospheric transmittance τfAnd step (4) calculatingWithIt calculates
The coefficient C of formula (5)λAnd Dλ；
Step 6: calculate satellite-borne microwave radiometer 165GHz and two 183GHz nearby the bright temperature of actual observation in channel and
RTTOV simulates the difference δ T of bright temperaturefn, then in conjunction with the coefficient C of step (5) calculatingλAnd Dλ, it is based on least square method solution formula
(6) system of linear equations.Obtain the amount of correcting δ r and the δ T of surface temperature and moisture profilegf, finally realize the inverting of PWV, PWV is anti-
Drilling value is PW × (1+ δ γ).
Fig. 2 gives the flow chart of proposed PWV inversion algorithm, gives initial fields (e.g. atmospheric outline and surface
BT) and observation geological information after, can use forward model (e.g.RTTOV) calculate atmospheric transmittance, atmosphere upwards and to
It is lower radiation and each Channels Brightness Temperature, compare each channel simulation and observation BTD and solve system of equation (Eq. (6)) realize steam and
The Simultaneous Retrieving of surfaceBT.
PWV inversion algorithm for further evaluation, we verify algorithm using the observation data of ATMS.It chooses
Survey region be U.S. locations (Fig.2), PWV reference data is the GPS PWV data of SuomiNet.This research uses
Data between August in 2015 on November 10th, 12 days 1.Only ATMS observation point be located at 0.15 around GPS website ×
Point within the scope of 0.15 ° just carries out inverting.
Each channel emission rate of ATMS is disposed as 1, and initial earth's surface temperature setting is the bright temperature of Ch17, and initial atmosphere profile takes
From in the 6h forecast data (section 2.2) of above-mentioned GFS.In addition, not accounting for cloud during forward modelling
Scattering process.We utilize VIIRS/NPP cloud optical thickness (cloud optical depth, COD) Product evaluation algorithm pair
The sensibility of cloud.
PWV inversion result and the GPS PWV goodness of fit are preferable, and R2, RMSE and the bias of PWV inverting value and GPS PWV distinguish
Are as follows: 0.895,0.43cm and -0.02cm (Fig. 3 (a)).Wherein, 78.9% PWV inversion error is less than 0.5cm, 96.2% picture
First point PWV error is less than 1.0cm.When PWV is greater than 3.0cm, PWV inverting value and the GPS goodness of fit are more preferable, closer with 1:1 line.
When PWV is greater than 5.0cm, PWV bigger error is over-evaluated there are a degree of.
We also analyze PWV error with the situation of change (Fig. 3 (b)) of VIIRS COD, it can be seen that PWV inversion error
Increase there is no the increase with COD, when the average VIIRS COD of ATMS pixel is less than 30, PWV error increases with COD
Add and reduces.When COD is greater than 20, PWV error is largely less than 1.00cm.It means that there is no obvious shadows for the presence of cloud
Ring PWV inversion result.
The present invention is directed to the instrument feature of ATMS, has carried out forward simulation calculating, sensitivity analysis and simulation inverting test.
The result shows that depolarization dry atmosphere is outer (e.g.PWV < 0.25cm), near 165.5GHz window area and 183.31GHz based on ATMS
Absorbing path=PWV physics inversion algorithm influenced by ground surface type it is smaller, it means that new algorithm effectively reduces transmitting
Influence of the rate uncertainty to PWV inversion result.
Algorithm to be verified using the ATMS data of U.S. locations, inversion result and the GPS PWV goodness of fit are preferable,
In high steam, inversion error is relatively large.In the pass for analyzing the observation of ATMS vapor channel and simulation BTD and PWV error
After system, there are relatively good linear relationships for both discoveries.Based on this relationship, a simple linear local correction model is proposed, is tied
Fruit shows that the steam precision after correcting significantly improves, the case where in particular for high steam.In addition, to the MiRS L2 of ATMS
PWV product is assessed, the results showed that suitable with MiRS L2 PWV based on algorithm PWV inversion accuracy proposed by the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Over-land PWV physics inversion algorithm, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the surface temperature and atmospheric temperature, moisture profile forecast fields of ECMWF are obtained, then according to moonscope pixel
Longitude and latitude and temporal information carry out bilinear interpolation to ECMWF forecast fields, using after interpolation atmospheric outline, surface temperature is as greatly
The initial guess of gas field and surface temperature；
Step 2: utilizing satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level and step (1)
The initial guess of obtained atmospheric field and surface temperature calculates satellite carried microwave radiometer 165GHz window area channel and two
The bright temperature T in each channel in water vapor absorption channel near a 183GHzf1, atmospheric transmittance τf1, atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 3: atmospheric humidity profile w (p) initial value that step (1) obtains being disturbed, moisture profile initial value is adjusted to
1.10*w (p), while being calculated greatly using satellite-borne microwave radiometer view angle, instrument channel receptance function, pixel height above sea level
Nearby each of water vapor absorption channel is led to by gas moisture profile microwave radiometer 165GHz window area channel adjusted and two 183GHz
The bright temperature T in roadf2, atmospheric transmittance τf2, atmosphere radiates upwards
Step 4: calculating atmospheric transmittance τf, atmosphere radiates upwardsTo the local derviation of moisture profile variation, atmospheric transmittance, atmosphere
Radiation is respectively as follows: the local derviation calculation formula of moisture profile upwards
Step 5: utilizing surface temperature initial value Tgf, atmospheric transmittance τfAnd step (4) calculatingWithDesign factor
CλAnd Dλ；
Step 6: calculating satellite-borne microwave radiometer 165GHz and two 183GHz nearby bright temperature of actual observation in channel and RTTOV mould
Intend the difference δ T of bright temperaturefn, then in conjunction with the coefficient C of step (5) calculatingλAnd Dλ, following formula is solved based on least square method
System of linear equations obtains the amount of correcting δ r and the δ T of surface temperature and moisture profilegf, the final inverting for realizing PWV:
In formula, n be using total number of channels, δ TλnIt is the calculating in different channels in the case of specific initial fields (f1, f2 ..., fn)
With the bright temperature difference of observation, CλnAnd DλnIt can be calculated based on earth's surface, atmosphere prior information and radiative transmission mode.
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| CN116187025B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-09-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Quick inversion method for atmospheric temperature and humidity profile of clear sky based on foundation infrared remote sensing |
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