A kind of recycling sludge utilizes system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sludge treatment, be specifically related to a kind of recycling sludge and utilize system and method.
Background technology
(1) sludge yield and harm thereof
Along with the quick propelling of Development of China's Urbanization, Chinese sewage disposal industry is developed rapidly, sewage disposalAbility and handling rate rapid development, the output of sewage sludge increases sharply. By the end of the year 2010, Chinese cities and townsSanitary sewage facility disposal ability reached for 1.25 billion cubic meter/days, and the planned city wastewater treatment rate reaches77.5%, COD (COD) pollution emission reduction contribution rate accounts for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period national COD of ChinaNewly-increased the more than 70% of total amount of cutting down. Along with the sharp increase of sewage load, Chinese sludge yield sharply increases simultaneously,Most mud not yet obtains harmless treatment and disposes. The composition of mud and chemical property complexity, both comprised organic matter,Plant nutrient ingredients etc., also comprise the poisonous and harmful substances such as heavy metal, pathogen and persistent organism, withoutEffectively the reason at place is disposed, and very easily underground water, soil etc. is caused to secondary pollution, makes the environment of sewage treatment facilityBenefit reduces greatly.
(2) Treatment of Sludge principle and the state of the art
That Treatment of Sludge should meet is innoxious, the requirement of stabilisation, minimizing, resource, that is: kill in mudPathogen, the poisonous and harmful substance such as heavy metal and persistent organism in mud is effectively controlled, mudIn contained organic matter, various nutrient and energy, or safety adds in soil, or passes through anaerobismThe techniques enable sources such as digestion or burning are recycled utilization.
In world wide, method for sludge treatment mainly comprises: landfill, soil utilization, form anaerobic fermentation methane generating,The processing modes such as burning.
The landfill disposal of mud not only needs to take a large amount of soils, and landfill yard also discharges a large amount of foul gas, firstAlkane isothermal chamber gas, if mishandling, also can cause underground water pollution. Along with the sharp increase of sludge yield, dirtMud landfill disposal is processed and is day by day restricted.
The soil utilization of mud comprises for the betterment of land, for afforestation, for agricultural etc. But, dirtThe soil utilization of mud has very strict requirement to the shale of mud, otherwise may produce underground water and surrounding environmentRaw secondary pollution.
The part energy resources that can reclaim in mud are processed in the generating of sludge anaerobic fermentation methane, after anaerobic fermentationDewatering performance of sludge improves, and moisture content is low, and minimizing is obvious, is applied rapidly in American-European countries.The developed countries such as America and Europe have realized the shunting of trade effluent and sanitary sewage and have administered, the content of beary metal of municipal sludgeLower, the mud after anaerobic fermentation reaches A grade standard, can be directly agricultural. But, most of China dirtThe sewage of water treatment plant contains sanitary sewage and trade effluent simultaneously, still contains heavily in the mud after anaerobic fermentationThe poisonous and harmful substance such as metal and persistent organism, the higher environmental risk of direct agricultural existence.
Sludge incineration processing is that wet mud is put into the direct burning disposal of station boiler, or first to wet mudCarry out mummification, the mud after mummification enters incinerator and completes burning disposal. The burning disposal of mud can be maximumDegree realize minimizing and stabilisation, almost kill in mud 100% germ, innoxious degree is high. ButBe, sludge incineration is processed to be needed to consume coal-fired grade for high-grade energy, and fuel cost is higher. In addition, wet mud containsLarge quantity of moisture, enters into flue gas after burning, the exhaust gas volumn of directly burning generation is large, purification place of a large amount of flue gasesReason expense is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of dewatered sludge and controls oneself and burn in incineratorProcess, utilize the medicament of superfluous calcium oxide as Treatment of Sludge overall process, have Treatment of Sludge innoxious,Stabilisation, minimizing, resource, and have that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, a kind of mud money of the high advantage of resource rateSource utilizes system and method.
In order to realize above goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes system, comprises the preprocessor decomposing for mud organic substance, preprocessorOutlet be connected with anaerobic fermentation tank, the methane outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank connects tank for sewage gas, anaerobic fermentation tankSludge outlet connects dewaterer and drier successively, and the sludge outlet of drier is connected with the import of incinerator,The exhanst gas outlet of incinerator connects deduster, and a flying dust outlet point two-way for deduster connects respectively flying of preprocessorAsh import and Hui Ku, be provided with lime stone hopper in the import of described incinerator;
The outlet of described tank for sewage gas is connected with the combustion machine of generating, and the exhanst gas outlet of combustion machine connects waste heat boiler,Electric power is delivered to transformer by combustion machine;
Described incinerator and waste heat boiler all provide heat by heating tube for drier.
Described deduster and the exhanst gas outlet of waste heat boiler are all connected to flue gas cleaner.
Described flue gas cleaner is UV photodissociation cleaning equipment.
The sludge outlet of described drier is connected to the import of incinerator by mud hopper.
On described preprocessor, be provided with PH meter, be provided with metering device in the flying dust import department of preprocessor.
Described preprocessor is sludge cell wall breakage device, and the concrete mode adopting is high-temperature-hot-water solution, microwavePyrohydrolysis or ultrasonic pyrohydrolysis.
Described dewaterer is belt filter press, plate and frame filter press or centrifugal dehydrator.
Described drier is spiral dryer, fluidized bed dryer or spray dryer.
Described heating tube is heat-conducting oil pipes, hot-water line or steam pipe.
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes method, and dewatered sludge and agstone are sent in incinerator and burned,After agstone calcining, generate calcium oxide, the sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction producing with sludge incineration is transformed into sulphurAcid calcium, after desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide is trapped by deduster, and the calcium oxide of trapping send as the medicament of Treatment of SludgeTo preprocessor, making the plasm PH value in preprocessor is 7~12; Pretreated mud is at anaerobic fermentation tankInterior fermentation is transformed into biogas, and biogas enters fuel engine power generation; Utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim combustion machine waste heat, then through heat supplyThe heat of incinerator and waste heat boiler is passed to drier by pipe.
Compared with prior art, system of the present invention has the following advantages:
Utilize the raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce for fuel engine power generation, the waste heat of combustion machine discharge is as dehydrated sludgeThe thermal source of mummification; Dewatered sludge release heat in burning process in incinerator, this heat is also as sludge dryingThermal source. Utilize two kinds of thermal source mummification dewatered sludges, the moisture content of dewatered sludge significantly reduces, and can realizeDewatered sludge is self-holding burning disposal in incinerator, need to consume a large amount of high-qualitys combustions with traditional sludge incineration processingMaterial is compared, and fuel saving cost has reduced the Air Pollutants Emissions that fuel combustion produces;
Sludge incineration process is added agstone desulfurization, and remaining calcium oxide is sneaked into flying dust, and fly ash carry is to mudThe preprocessor of processing, carries out refuse reclamation, as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge, improves slurries in preprocessorPH value, improve mud hydrolysis efficiency, improve sludge anaerobic fermentation biogas output, improve sending out of combustion machineElectric weight, improves waste heat boiler and reclaims heat; The pH value that improves anaerobic fermentation tank, effectively suppresses sludge fermentation mistakeThe generation of hydrogen sulfide in journey, the hydrogen sulfide content of biogas reduces, effectively avoid biogas pipe, tank for sewage gas, combustion machine andThe etching problem of waste heat boiler, extension device service life, reduces equipment operation maintenance cost;
Mud is sneaked into after the burning ash that contains calcium oxide in advance, and the organic matter decomposition rate of mud is high, residue after fermentationThe content of organics of mud is low, more easily realizes dehydration than the mud producing after traditional anaerobic fermentation; To be drained offThe calcium oxide containing in mud, can be used as the medicine of Sludge Chemical Conditioning, further improves the dehydration property of mudCan, after the dewater units such as belt filter press, centrifugal filter press machine dewater, the moisture content of mud can fallLow value, below 50%, significantly reduces the energy consumption of the follow-up drying and other treatment of mud;
The fly ash carry that sludge incineration produces, to the preprocessor of mud, participates in sludge handling process, through locating in advanceAfter reason, anaerobic fermentation, dehydration and drying process, remaining calcium oxide enters into again incinerator and participates in desulfurizationReact, reduced the consumption of lime stone, utilize the flying dust that contains calcium oxide of incinerator generation as Treatment of SludgeMedicament, reagent cost significantly reduces.
In method of the present invention, sludge incineration process sprays into agstone desulfurization, and superfluous calcium oxide is sneaked into flying dust quiltDeduster trapping is also delivered to preprocessor as medicament, improves slurries in preprocessor and follow-up anaerobic fermentation tankPH value, promote sludge hydrolytic, improve biogas output and generated energy; The life of hydrogen sulfide in stopping fermentation processBecome, slow down the corrosion of combustion machine; The fermented sludge that contains calcium oxide is easily dewatered, and reduces mud drying process energy consumption;Dewatered sludge contains calcium oxide, participates in burning process desulphurization reaction, reduces lime stone consumption; The present invention realizes dirtInnoxious, the stabilisation of mud processing, minimizing, resource, and have that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, resource rate is highAdvantage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
Wherein, 1-sludge pump, 2-circulation ash pipe, 3-anaerobic fermentation tank, 4-metering device, 5-dewater unit, 6-Drier, 7-mud hopper, 8-lime stone hopper, 9-incinerator, 10-ash storehouse, 11-ash releasing tube, 12-dedustingDevice, 13-flue gas cleaner, 14-smoke exhaust pipe, 15-heating tube, 16-waste heat boiler, 17-transformer, 18-combustionMachine, 19-tank for sewage gas, 20-biogas pipe, 21-PH meter, 22-preprocessor.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of recycling sludge utilizes system, comprises the preprocessor decomposing for mud organic substance22, preprocessor 22 is sludge cell wall breakage device, and the concrete mode adopting is high-temperature-hot-water solution, microwave thermalHydrolysis or ultrasonic pyrohydrolysis, the mud import department of preprocessor 22 is provided with sludge pump 1, on preprocessor 22Be provided with PH meter 21, be provided with metering device 4 in the flying dust import department of preprocessor 22, preprocessor 22Outlet be connected with anaerobic fermentation tank 3, the methane outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank 3 connects tank for sewage gas 19, anaerobism is sent outThe sludge outlet of ferment tank 3 connects dewaterer 5 and drier 6 successively, and the sludge outlet of drier 6 passes through mudHopper 7 is connected with the import of incinerator 9, and the exhanst gas outlet of incinerator 9 connects deduster 12, deduster12 flying dust outlet point two-way connects respectively flying dust import and the grey storehouse 10 of preprocessor 22, described incineratorIn 9 import, be provided with lime stone hopper 8; The outlet of tank for sewage gas 19 is connected with the combustion machine 18 of generating, combustionThe exhanst gas outlet of machine 18 connects waste heat boiler 16, and electric power is delivered to transformer 17 by combustion machine 18; Incinerator 9All provide heat by heating tube 15 for drier 6 with waste heat boiler 16. Deduster 12 and waste heat boiler 16Exhanst gas outlet be all connected to flue gas cleaner 13, flue gas cleaner 13 is UV photodissociation cleaning equipment. DehydrationMachine 5 is belt filter press, plate and frame filter press or centrifugal dehydrator. Drier 6 is spiral dryer, fluid bedDrier or spray dryer. Heating tube 15 is heat-conducting oil pipes, hot-water line or steam pipe.
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes method, and dewatered sludge and agstone are sent in incinerator and burned,After agstone calcining, generate calcium oxide, the sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction producing with sludge incineration is transformed into sulphurAcid calcium, after desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide is trapped by deduster, and the calcium oxide of trapping send as the medicament of Treatment of SludgeTo preprocessor, making the plasm PH value in preprocessor is 7~12; Pretreated mud is at anaerobic fermentation tankInterior fermentation is transformed into biogas, and biogas enters fuel engine power generation; Utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim combustion machine waste heat, then through heat supplyThe heat of incinerator and waste heat boiler is passed to drier by pipe.
Referring to Fig. 1, the specific works process of apparatus of the present invention:
Mud enters preprocessor 22 through sludge pump 1, carries out organic substance decomposing in preprocessor 22, soRear mud enters the interior fermentation of anaerobic fermentation tank 3 and produces biogas, and biogas is sent to tank for sewage gas 19, the mud after fermentationCarry out mummification through dewater unit 5 and drier 6 successively, dewatered sludge enters incinerator 9 through mud hopper 7Carry out burning disposal, agstone enters incinerator 9 through lime stone hopper 8, after agstone calcining, generates oxygenChange calcium, with sludge incineration produce sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction and be transformed into calcium sulfate. In order to remain higherDesulfuration efficiency, the calcium to sulphur mole ratio of this sweetening process generally maintains 2.5 to 6, remaining oxidation after desulfurizationCalcium major part is blended in flying dust, and is trapped by deduster 12. The flying dust part that deduster 12 trapsMedicament as Treatment of Sludge is delivered to preprocessor 22 through circulation ash pipe 2, and redundance is defeated through ash releasing tube 11Deliver to grey storehouse 10. The heat that dewatered sludge discharges in incinerator 9 burnings passes to drier 6 through heating tube 15,Be used for the moisture that heats mud, removes mud.
Flying dust enters preprocessor 22 by circulation ash pipe 2, owing to having a large amount of calcium oxide, pretreatment in flying dustPlasm PH value in device 22 maintains between 7-12, is conducive to promote that the larger molecular organics in mud decomposesBecome small organic molecule, so that more organic matter is transformed into biogas at anaerobic fermentation tank 3 in mud, improve natural pondGas output, further improves the generated energy of combustion machine 18. PH meter 21 is set on preprocessor 22, for aobviousShow, control the basicity of slurries. Metering device 4 is set on circulation ash pipe 2, sends into pre-for metering, controlThe flying dust flow of processor 22. Because more organic matter is transformed into biogas, anaerobism in anaerobic fermentation tank 3Remaining mud organic substance content after fermentation is lower, has improved the dewatering of mud. In addition, mud containsCalcium oxide, and calcium oxide makes a kind of Sludge Chemical Conditioning medicine, has further improved the dewatering of mud. DetestMud after aerobe fermentation is after dewaterer 5 dehydrations, and moisture content can be reduced between 40% to 60%.
The raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce is stored in tank for sewage gas 19 after biogas pipe 20 from anaerobic fermentation tank 3In, biogas enters into combustion machine 18 and produces electric power and be delivered to transformer 17, and the flue-gas temperature that combustion machine 18 discharges is300 DEG C to 500 DEG C, enter waste heat boiler 16 and carry out waste heat recovery, the waste heat of recovery passes to through heating tube 15Drier 6, for heating mud, remove the moisture of mud.
The heat that the waste heat that waste heat boiler 16 reclaims and incinerator 9 discharge passes to drier 16 through heating tube 15After, the wet mud in drier 6 is heated, makes moisture evaporation, after drier 6, the moisture content of mudBe reduced to 10% to 25% left and right, more than the low heat valve of mud reaches 5MJ/kg, the mud after mummification entersAfter entering incinerator 9, can realize the burning of controlling oneself, not need to add outer thermal source, solve traditional sludge and burn and need to disappearThe outer problem for fuel of consumption, fuel saving takes, and reduces the discharge of pollutant.
The flue gas that incinerator 9 and waste heat boiler 16 discharge all enters flue gas cleaner 13 by smoke exhaust pipe 14, cleanChange and process rear discharge.
In the present invention, the raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce, for fuel engine power generation, fires machine waste heat recovery dewatered sludge; FermentationAfter sludge anhydration burning processing. Sludge incineration process sprays into agstone desulfurization, and superfluous calcium oxide is sneaked into and flownAsh is by deduster trapping and deliver to preprocessor as medicament, improves in preprocessor and follow-up anaerobic fermentation tankThe pH value of slurries, promotes sludge hydrolytic, improves biogas output and generated energy; Hydrogen sulfide in stopping fermentation processGeneration, slow down the corrosion of combustion machine; The fermented sludge that contains calcium oxide is easily dewatered, and reduces mud drying process energyConsumption; Dewatered sludge contains calcium oxide, participates in burning process desulphurization reaction, reduces lime stone consumption; The present invention is realInnoxious, the stabilisation of existing Treatment of Sludge, minimizing, resource, and have that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, resourceRate advantages of higher.