CN104153750B - A kind of method that use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce coal gas - Google Patents
A kind of method that use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce coal gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104153750B CN104153750B CN201410412532.6A CN201410412532A CN104153750B CN 104153750 B CN104153750 B CN 104153750B CN 201410412532 A CN201410412532 A CN 201410412532A CN 104153750 B CN104153750 B CN 104153750B
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Abstract
A kind of method that use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce coal gas, belongs to energy development field.This method is comprised the following steps：Drilling forms inlet well and some outlet wells, then drills along bottom and to form gasification tunnel and connect each inlet well and outlet well, and gasification furnace is integrally formed；The multistage boosting pressure break of air is adopted to coal seam, and the oxidation panel between two mouthfuls of adjacent wells adds igniting agent, gasifying agent to make the mixed gas of under ground portion coal burning, generation ground well head is discharged to from outlet well, obtains CO, H2And CH4Gaseous mixture；Tiny structure is formed in the gas outlet of outlet well and three active sections in combustion process.The air fracturing technique of the present invention becomes loose, uniform after making coal pressure break, is easy to burn, and does not cause environmental pollution, it is ensured that gasification efficiency and gas production；Tiny structure prevents produced gas to other directions diffusions and escapes, while underground water pollution can be prevented.The achievable coal recovery ratio of the present invention is high, low cost, the effect of environmental protection and energy saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for producing coal gas, is specifically related to a kind of method of underground coal gasification(UCG).
Background technology
The current energy resource structure of China is more unreasonable, per capita energy's relative inadequacy of resources, and coal and waterpower resourses are gathered around per capita
The amount of having equivalent to world average level 50%, and the oil and natural gas per-capita quantity of the resources is only 6% left side of world average level
Consume based on coal in the right side, production of energy.
The scarcity relatively of oil-gas resource causes Chinese energy still significantly will rely in predictable future
In the development and utilization of coal resources, and Chinese coal reserves account accounts for the 11.1% of world's total amount, is available for exploiting more than 200 years.?
The year two thousand twenty coal will account for more than 50% share in China energy consumption, and the year two thousand fifty coal will occupy China energy consumption
40% or so share.Therefore the Efficient Development of coal resources and clean utilization will be the key problems of Energy Development in China.
Coal in China is exploited and is utilized and includes coal mine construction, coal mining, accumulating, ground burning or gasify at this stage.Coal is opened
Adopting (exploiting including outdoor and laneway type) not only needs the cost of substantial amounts of human resources and costliness, and expends a large amount of timber,
Digging risk (permeable, roof caving, gas, underground heat) is faced in recovery process and many natural conditions limit (roof and floor bar
Part etc.), coal resources recovery ratio relatively low (laneway type exploitation be usually no more than 50%) in addition, serious waste of resources.Simultaneously existing
Mining type not only brings level of ground water decline and pollution, the stratum changing of the relative positions and surface subsidence etc., and surface pond can be caused dirty
A series of problems, such as dye, gangue take up an area and weathering pollution, Coal Transport process reentrainment of dust are polluted, these problems cause coal
The society and Environmental costs that charcoal is utilized increases.Can produce during coal burning substantial amounts of dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides with
And mercury, air pollution is caused, increases haze, the heavy metal severe contamination Soil Surrounding and underground water after burning in lime-ash.
Above unfavorable factor can be overcome using underground coal gasification(UCG), solve the problems, such as that coal high-efficiency is utilized and safety and environmental protection.
Underground coal gasification(UCG) (UCG) refer to from ground beat Vertical Well and coal seam bottom fetch water horizontal well construction underground gasification
Stove, conveys the gasifying agent based on oxygen, auxiliary ignition agent and combustion adjuvant by inlet well, using sensor and control system control
System gasification in-furnace temperature, makes coal imperfect combustion (for the strong coal of caking property needs pressure break after-combustion) in the gasification furnace, raw
Into with H2With the raw gas based on CO, while using heat drive principle the CH in coal seam4Mined with CO, sent by outlet well
To ground, through gas separation, desulfuration purification, methanation or chemical industry synthesis, natural gas, chemical products and oil product is can be made into.Slightly
Coal gas can the direct generation of electricity.
UCG is that coal mine construction, coal mining, accumulating, ground burning or gasification are integrated, and above Four processes are reduced to one
Individual, useful constituent in coal is extracted, the chemical process that the nuisances such as lime-ash, spoil, radiation are stayed in underground has abandoned Pang completely
Greatly, heavy coal mining and ground washing converting apparatus, it is achieved that nobody production technology of down-hole, eliminate traditional coal mining mistake
The resource consumption of all too many levels of journey and cost increase, while being reduced for the pollution of ground and underground and to society to greatest extent
The consumption and the destruction for environment of meeting resource.
UCG has strategic meaning to national energy and environmental protection：
1st, meet the requirement of the utilization rate and clean energy resource strategy of the raising resource that country proposes；2nd, the utilization of resources is improved
The recovery ratio of resource can be brought up to 80～90% by rate, while the coal bed gas and device in Gas of underground can be made to be recycled utilization；
3rd, security incident is fundamentally avoided without personnel in underground job；4th, disposal of pollutants is reduced：Lime-ash and dust after gasification
Underground is all stayed in, it is to avoid the pollution of radioactive substance, heavy metal and other harmful substances to ground；Due to underground gasification temperature
More much lower than the temperature of coal combustion, in the raw gas that UCG is obtained, sulfide and mercury content are greatly decreased；Using tiny structure UCG skills
Art, the gas after burning will not spread, and underground water is not polluted；5th, CO is realized2Reduce discharging：Comprehensive anti-using multiple gases and carbon
Mechanism is answered, detached CO in raw gas2Reaction is participated in oxygen mix injection underground in proportion, CO is reduced into, CO can be made2Discharge
Total amount reduces by 20%.
Although existing UCG technology has been obtained for certain development, problems with is still suffered from：
1st, pressure break is the important technology for ensureing gasification efficiency and gas production, but existing conventional hydraulic fracturing technique makes coal pressure
The loose and uniformity after splitting not enough, is not easy to burn, it is impossible to ensure that gasification efficiency and the gas production of UCG, and be possible to right
Per layer is caused certain water-sensitive contact scar.
2nd, there is the difficulties such as ignition process is complicated, operation difficulty is big in the sparking mode of current underground gasification.
Content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce the side of coal gas
Method.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of method that use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce coal gas, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Ground at interval of 20-300 rice distance, downward drill diameter for 200-300 millimeters drilling formed 1 mouthful of inlet well
With 1 mouthful or many mouthfuls of outlet wells, after getting into coal seam foot, then drill along bottom, form a gasification tunnel connection each
Inlet well and outlet well, are integrally formed gasification furnace, and the wherein bottom of outlet well is located at the relatively deep position in coal seam；The gasification
Part of the passage between each two well is in turn divided into oxidation panel, reduction section and dry thermal cracking on edge towards the direction of inlet well
Section；
To coal seam using air pressure break, coal seam cross sectional thickness is made less than 30 centimetres, the oxygen between two mouthfuls of adjacent wells
Changing section addition igniting agent and lighting coal seam after gasifying agent nozzle adds gasifying agent makes under ground portion coal burning, oxidation
Section is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C, and reduction section is warming up to 550-900 DEG C, and dry thermal cracking section is warming up to 200-550 DEG C, the mixing of generation
Gas is discharged to ground well head from the adjacent outlet well of oxidation panel, carries out desulfurization on ground in the face of gaseous mixture, and decontamination obtains CO, H2
And CH4Gaseous mixture；After burning is completed, gasifying agent nozzle is moved to repetition said process between another two mouthfuls of wells；
Tiny structure is formed in the gas outlet of outlet well and three active sections in combustion process.
The gasification furnace preferably includes 1 mouthful of inlet well and 3-10 mouth outlet wells, and the 1st mouthful of outlet well is minimum positioned at coal seam
Position.
The air pressure break is multistage boosting, and every grade of 9-11MPa, moment maximum pressure can be more than 20MPa.
The gasifying agent is one or more in oxygen, carbon dioxide and vapor.
In the gasifying agent, preferred oxygen is 50-70 with the ratio of carbon dioxide content：30-50.
The igniting agent is the one kind or several in methyl alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate
Kind, bulk density is 1.0-1.4kg/L, and flash-point is 30-40 DEG C.
Can sensor be set in underground, the sensor is put into underground by sleeve pipe, be arranged on the centre of oxidation panel and go out
Gas well mouth, for detecting that the gas of reaction temperature and pressure and raw gas is constituted.
The tiny structure preferably keeps gasifying furnace pressure in absolute pressure 99KPa or so, and well head arranges frequency conversion fan.
Preferably with reduction section distance quite, dry thermal cracking segment length is slightly larger than oxidation panel and reduction section for the oxidation panel.
The gasifying agent addition is preferably 8～14Nm3/106KJ.
The technique effect of the present invention：
The present invention ground at interval of 20-300 rice distance, the drilling of drill diameter 200-300 millimeters forms a bite air inlet
Well and some outlet wells, after getting to coal seam foot, then cross drilling, by gasification tunnel insertion.Past from outlet well during burning
Inlet well direction is burnt, and coal seam foot is outlet well.To coal seam using air fracturing technique, coal seam cross sectional thickness is made to be less than 30
Centimetre, (gasifying agent is, for example, oxygen and CO to light coal seam after adding igniting agent and gasifying agent2Mixed gas), make under ground portion
Coal burning, is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C or so passage oxidation panel, and, at 550-900 DEG C, dry thermal cracking section is in 200- for reduction section
550℃.Coal is in underground imperfect combustion, O2There is chemical reaction with coal and moisture therein, produce with CO, H2、CH4With
CO2Based on mixed gas, be discharged to ground well head from outlet well, carry out desulfurization on ground in the face of gaseous mixture, decontamination obtains CO, H2
And CH4Gaseous mixture, can produce natural gas, chemical products and oil product.Burning one the stage the (portion between i.e. two outlet wells
Point) after, gasifying agent nozzle was dropped back to the next stage.Controlled by pressure and aerodynamics in down-hole, in gas outlet and
Three active sections form tiny structure, prevent produced gas to other directions diffusions and escape, while underground water can be prevented dirty
Dye.The depth of the length of gasification tunnel and gasification furnace in underground can affect the resistance of gasification furnace air-flow, well head arrange frequency conversion wind
Machine, its can automatically adjust the power of blower fan according to the pressure sensor signal in stove.
Sensor should can be set in underground, monitor temperature and the gas composition of underground reaction；Sensor is put into by sleeve pipe
Underground preburied good monitoring point.
The kinetics that UCG of the present invention occurs is as shown in the table：
| Sequence number | Reaction | Reaction enthalpy |
| 1 | C+H2O=H2+CO | Δ H=+118.5kJ mol-1 |
| 2 | CO+H2O=H2+CO2 | Δ H=-42.3kJ mol-1 |
| 3 | CO+3H2=CH4+H2O | Δ H=-206.0kJ mol-1 |
| 4 | C+2H2=CH4 | Δ H=-87.5kJ mol-1 |
| 5 | C+1/2O2=CO | Δ H=-123.1kJ mol-1 |
| 6 | C+O2=CO2 | Δ H=-406.0kJ mol-1 |
| 7 | C+CO2=2CO | Δ H=+159.9kJ mol-1 |
1 gasification furnace is by 1 mouthful of inlet well and 3-10 mouth outlet well constructions, 100,000 tons of coals of annual incendivity, common property raw gas
About 1.2 hundred million sides, can 30,000,000 side of synthetic natural gas.
Pressure break is the important technology for ensureing gasification efficiency and gas production, and the air fracturing technique of the present invention is due to using multistage
The mode of boosting, becomes loose, uniform, is easy to burn, and do not cause environmental pollution, it is ensured that the gas of UCG after making coal pressure break
Change efficiency and gas production.
The igniting agent of the present invention has following feature：
1st, after igniter burning, remaining lime-ash mainly includes odium stearate, aluminum oxide and solid potassium chloride, will not be over the ground
Sewerage produces impact；
2nd, igniting agent stable performance, during storage without self-firing and self-explosion phenomenon, is suitable for vehicle transport；
3rd, energy-efficient, reliable and stable, with low cost, low to coal seam igniting environmental requirement, applied widely the characteristics of.
The gasifying agent of the present invention is one or more in oxygen, carbon dioxide and vapor.The effect of gasifying agent both may be used
To promote coal combustion, gasification, while can also control to react, prevent from burning over or under.
UCG using the method for the present invention is as shown in the table with the contrast that ground vaporizes：
Description of the drawings
Schematic flow sheets of the Fig. 1 for the inventive method；
Gasification furnace overall schematics of the Fig. 2 for embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is 1 sensor of embodiment and igniting schematic diagram.
In figure, each label lists as follows：
1- inlet wells, 2- outlet wells, 3- vaporize passage, 4- sensors, 5- oxidation panels, 6- reduction sections, 7- dry thermal cracking sections.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, the present invention is further explained with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
On ground at interval of about 150 meters of distance, coal is got in the drilling that about 250 millimeters of drill diameter totally four to the present embodiment
After layer foot, then horizontal drilling, by gasification tunnel insertion, gasification furnace is formed, as shown in Fig. 2 including inlet well 1
Mouthful, 3 mouthfuls of outlet well, coal seam typically have certain inclination angle, and first outlet well is located at the minimum position in coal seam, in coal seam lower point
Combustion, burns from bottom to top.In gasification tunnel, oxidation panel 5, reduction section 6 and 7 length ratio of dry thermal cracking section are in 0.9-1.1:0.9-
1.1:1.2.Sensor 4 is set in underground, monitors temperature and the gas composition of underground reaction；Sensor 4 is put into ground by sleeve pipe
Under pre-buried good monitoring point, as shown in Figure 3.
The present embodiment using aqueous be 10%, calorific value is the dross coal of 5300 kilocalories.First to coal seam using classification air
Fracturing technique, makes coal seam cross sectional thickness be less than 30 centimetres to the pressure of more than 20MPa by instantaneous pressure greatly.Add and be selected from first
The igniting agent of alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate and by gasifying agent nozzle add gasifying agent
(oxygen and CO2Ratio be 6:4) coal seam is lighted after, under ground portion coal burning is made after igniting, and passage oxidation panel is warming up to
1200 DEG C or so, at 700 DEG C, dry thermal cracking section is at 450 DEG C for reduction section.Coal is in underground imperfect combustion, O2With coal and its
In moisture occur chemical reaction, produce with CO, H2、CH4And CO2Based on mixed gas, after the underground gasification of tiny structure,
Ground well head is discharged to from outlet well, the raw gas composition that outlet well is produced is as follows：Methane 7%, carbon monoxide 28%, hydrogen
25%, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapour etc. account for 40%.
Desulfurization is carried out on ground in the face of gaseous mixture, decontamination obtains CO, H2And CH4Gaseous mixture.Natural gas can be produced wherein,
Chemical products and oil product；Part CO2Reuse, by the CO for isolating2And O2Press 4:6 are injected into underground, CO2In 1200 DEG C, 6-7 public affairs
There is reduction reaction with carbon under jin pressure, have the CO of half2It is reduced into CO, it is achieved that CO2Reduce discharging.Down-hole by pressure and
Aerodynamics is controlled, and well head arranges frequency conversion fan, forms the micro- negative of absolute pressure 99KPa in gas outlet and three active sections
Pressure, prevents produced gas to other directions diffusions and escapes, while underground water pollution can be prevented.Overall operating process is such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
After between the first two outlet well, burning is completed, gasifying agent nozzle is dropped back above-mentioned to repeating between lower two mouthfuls of wells
Process.
The major parameter of the igniting agent of the present embodiment is as follows：
The igniting agent parameter of table one
| Bulk density | 1.0-1.4kg/L |
| Flash-point | 30-40℃ |
| Enthalpy of combustion | 14000-15000kJ/kg |
| Lime-ash rate | 35% |
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment using aqueous be 16%, calorific value is the brown coal of 4700 kilocalories, is passed through gasifying agent, in gasifying agent oxygen with
CO2Ratio be 6:4, using the method for similar embodiment 1, after tiny structure underground gasification, the raw gas that outlet well is produced
Composition is as follows：Methane 6%, carbon monoxide 26%, hydrogen 23%, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapour etc. are accounted for
45%.
The above specific embodiment can make those skilled in the art be more fully understood the present invention, but not appointing
Where formula limits the scope of protection of present invention, all without departing from the spirit and scope of this patent technical scheme and its change
Enter, for example, the outlet well of varying number, volume is obtained according to actual conditions drilling, using different igniting agents and gasifying agent ratio
Example, according to coal seam situation using different multistage fracturings and tiny structure parameter, as long as meeting the spirit of the present invention, which is encompassed by
In the middle of the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that use air pressure break and tiny structure underground produce coal gas, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Ground at interval of 20-300 rice distance, downward drill diameter for 200-300 millimeters drilling formed 1 mouthful of inlet well and 1
Mouth or many mouthfuls of outlet wells, after getting into coal seam foot, then drill along bottom, form a gasification tunnel and connect each air inlet
Well and outlet well, are integrally formed gasification furnace, and the wherein bottom of outlet well is located at the relatively deep position in coal seam；The gasification tunnel
Part between each two well is in turn divided into oxidation panel, reduction section and dry thermal cracking section three on edge towards the direction of inlet well
Individual active section；
Air pressure break is adopted to coal seam, and the air pressure break is multistage boosting, and every grade of 9-11MPa, moment maximum pressure can be more than
20MPa, makes coal seam cross sectional thickness less than 30 centimetres, and the oxidation panel between two mouthfuls of adjacent wells adds igniting agent and passes through
Gasifying agent nozzle is lighted coal seam after adding gasifying agent and makes under ground portion coal burning, and oxidation panel is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C, also
Former section is warming up to 550-900 DEG C, and dry thermal cracking section is warming up to 200-550 DEG C, and the mixed gas of generation go out from oxidation panel is adjacent
Gas well is discharged to ground well head, carries out desulfurization on ground in the face of gaseous mixture, and decontamination obtains CO, H2And CH4Gaseous mixture；Burning completes it
Afterwards, gasifying agent nozzle is moved to repetition said process between another two mouthfuls of wells；
Tiny structure is formed in the gas outlet of outlet well and three active sections in combustion process.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gasification furnace includes 1 mouthful of inlet well and 3-10 mouth outlets
Well, the 1st mouthful of outlet well are located at the minimum position in coal seam.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gasifying agent is in oxygen, carbon dioxide and vapor
One or more.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that oxygen with the ratio of carbon dioxide content is in the gasifying agent
50-70：30-50.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the igniting agent is methyl alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium
One or more in powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate, bulk density are 1.0-1.4kg/L, and flash-point is 30-40 DEG C.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that arrange sensor in underground, the sensor is put by sleeve pipe
Enter underground, be arranged on centre and the outlet well well head of oxidation panel, for detecting the gas of reaction temperature and pressure and raw gas
Composition.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tiny structure keeps gasification furnace pressure in absolute pressure 99KPa
Left and right, well head arrange frequency conversion fan.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the oxidation panel and reduction section distance quite, dry thermal cracking section
Length is slightly larger than oxidation panel and reduction section.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gasifying agent addition is 8～14Nm3/106KJ.
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| CN104763427B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-11-02 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of supercritical CO2the thick hard difficulty in presplitting colliery collapses the method for top board |
| CN106089171B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-08-31 | 北京普新石油技术开发有限公司 | A method of assisting seam exploiting coal bed methane using coal seam is burnt |
| CN109707363A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock fracturing device and method |
| CN111963137B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Underground gasification method for huge thick coal seam |
| CN111661817B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-02-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for preparing hydrogen by using abandoned mine |
| CN113027410B (en) * | 2021-04-10 | 2022-08-16 | 天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心 | Multi-channel gasification furnace for underground coal gasification and gasification method |
| CN114151060A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 安徽顺安矿建工程有限公司 | Preheating ignition device for coal field gasification and coal field gasification method |
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