CN104153750A - Method for generating coal gas underground through air fracture and micro negative pressure - Google Patents
Method for generating coal gas underground through air fracture and micro negative pressure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for generating coal gas underground through air fracture and micro negative pressure, and belongs to the field of energy development. The method comprises the following steps that air inlet wells and a plurality of gas outlet wells are drilled, then a gasification tunnel is formed along drilled holes in the bottom of a coal seam to enable the air inlet wells and the gas outlet wells to be communicated, and therefore a gasification furnace is formed integrally; the coal seam is fractured through multi-level air pressure raising, igniter is added in an oxidation section between two adjacent wells, the igniter enables partial coal underground to burn, and generated mixed gas is exhausted to a ground well mouth through the gas outlet wells to obtain gas mixture of CO, H2 and CH4; in the burning process, micro negative pressure is formed in the gas outlets of the gas outlet wells and three working sections. The air fracture technology enables fractured coal to be loose, even and convenient to burn, environment pollution is not likely to happen, and gasification efficiency and gas output are guaranteed; the micro negative pressure prevents the generated gas from diffusing and escaping to other directions, and underground water pollution also can be avoided. The method can achieve the purposes of high coal recovery efficiency, low cost, environment friendliness and energy conservation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of producing coal gas, be specifically related to a kind of method of underground coal gasification(UCG).
Background technology
The current energy resource structure of China is more unreasonable, energy resources relative deficiency per capita, coal and waterpower resourses per capita owning amount are equivalent to 50% of world average level, and the oil and natural gas per-capita quantity of the resources is only 6% left and right of world average level, and production of energy is consumed taking coal as main.
The relatively deficient of oil-gas resource causes energy source in China still will significantly to depend on the development and utilization of coal resources in predictable future, and Chinese coal reserves account for 11.1% of world's total amount, can be for exploitation more than 200 years.The year two thousand twenty coal in China energy consumption by the share accounting for more than 50%, the year two thousand fifty coal will occupy the share of China energy consumption 40% left and right.Therefore the Efficient Development of coal resources and clean utilization are by the key problem that is Energy Development in China.
Present stage coal in China exploitation and utilization comprise coal mine construction, coal mining, accumulating, ground burning or gasification.Coal mining (comprising outdoor and laneway type exploitation) not only needs a large amount of manpower and expensive cost, and expend a large amount of timber, in recovery process, face digging risk (permeable, roof caving, gas, underground heat) and many natural conditions restrictions (roof and floor condition etc.), in addition coal resources recovery ratio lower (laneway type exploitation is generally no more than 50%), serious waste of resources.Existing mining type not only brings groundwater table decline and pollution, the stratum changing of the relative positions and surface subsidence etc. simultaneously, and can cause the series of problems such as surface pond pollution, gangue occupation of land and weathering pollution, the pollution of Coal Transport process reentrainment of dust, these problems have caused the society of coal utilization and Environmental costs to increase.In coal burning process, can produce a large amount of dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and mercury, cause air pollution, increase the weight of haze, heavy metal severe contamination Soil Surrounding and underground water after burning in lime-ash.
Adopt underground coal gasification(UCG) can overcome above unfavorable factor, solve coal high-efficiency utilization and safety and environmental protection problem.
Underground coal gasification(UCG) (UCG) refers to is beating Vertical Well and is fetching water horizontal well structure underground gasification furnace in bottom, coal seam from ground, carry taking oxygen as main gasifying agent by air inlet well, auxiliary ignition agent and combustion adjuvant, use temperature in sensor and control system control gasification furnace, make coal imperfect combustion (needing pressure break after-combustion for the strong coal of caking property) in gasification furnace, generate with H
2with CO be main raw gas, utilize heat to drive principle the CH in coal seam simultaneously
4exploit out with CO, deliver to ground by going out gas well, synthetic through gas separation, desulfuration purification, methanation or chemical industry, can be made into natural gas, chemical products and oil product.Raw gas can the direct generation of electricity.
UCG is that coal mine construction, coal mining, accumulating, ground burning or gasification are integrated, above Four processes is reduced to one, extract useful constituent in coal, the nuisances such as lime-ash, spoil, radiation are stayed to underground chemical process, huge, heavy coal mining and ground washing converting apparatus are abandoned completely, realize the unmanned production technology in down-hole, having eliminated the resource consumption of all too many levels of traditional progress of coal mining and cost increases, and has reduced to greatest extent for ground and underground pollution and the consumption to social resources with for the destruction of environment simultaneously.
UCG has strategic meaning to national energy and environmental protection:
1, meet the utilization rate of raising resource and the requirement of clean energy resource strategy that country proposes; 2, improve resource utilization, the recovery ratio of resource can be brought up to 80～90%, can make underground coal bed gas and device in Gas be recycled utilization simultaneously; 3, there is no personnel at underground job, fundamentally avoided security incident; 4, reduce disposal of pollutants: the lime-ash after gasification and dust are all stayed underground, have avoided radioactive substance, heavy metal and the pollution of other hazardous substancess to ground; Because underground gasification temperature is more much lower than the temperature of coal combustion, raw gas medium sulphide content and mercury content that UCG obtains significantly reduce; Adopt micro-negative pressure UCG technology, the gas after burning can not spread, and underground water is not polluted; 5, realize CO
2reduce discharging: utilize multiple gases and carbon combined reaction mechanism, the CO separating in raw gas
2inject underground participation with oxygen mix in proportion and react, be reduced into CO, can make CO
2total emission volumn reduces by 20%.
Although existing UCG technology has obtained certain development, but still there is following problem:
1, pressure break is the important technology that ensures gasification efficiency and gas production, but existing conventional hydraulic fracturing technology makes coal post-fracturing loose inadequate with the uniformity, be not easy to burning, cannot have ensured gasification efficiency and the gas production of UCG, and likely cause certain water sensitivity to pollute to every layer.
2, there is the difficulties such as ignition process complexity, operation easier be large in the sparking mode of current underground gasification.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of method with air pressure break and the underground production coal gas of micro-negative pressure.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
By a method for air pressure break and the underground production coal gas of micro-negative pressure, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
On ground at interval of the distance of 20-300 rice, downwards drill diameter is that the boring of 200-300 millimeter forms 1 mouthful of air inlet well and 1 mouthful or many mouthfuls and goes out gas well, after getting into coal seam foot, hole along bottom again, forming a gasification tunnel is communicated with each air inlet well and goes out gas well, entirety forms gasification furnace, and the bottom that wherein goes out gas well is positioned at relatively dark position, coal seam; The part of described gasification tunnel between every two wells is divided into oxidation panel, reduction section and dry thermal cracking section on edge successively towards the direction of air inlet well;
Coal seam is adopted to air pressure break, make coal seam cross sectional thickness be less than 30 centimetres, after the oxidation panel between two mouthfuls of adjacent wells adds igniting agent and adds gasifying agent by gasifying agent nozzle, light coal seam and make under ground portion coal burning, oxidation panel is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C, and reduction section is warming up to 550-900 DEG C, and dry thermal cracking section is warming up to 200-550 DEG C, the mist producing is from the adjacent well array of giving vent to anger of oxidation panel to ground well head, on ground, in the face of gaseous mixture carries out desulfurization, decontamination, obtains CO, H
2and CH
4gaseous mixture; After having burnt, gasifying agent nozzle is moved between another two mouthfuls of wells and repeats said process;
In combustion process, form micro-negative pressure at the gas outlet and three active sections that go out gas well.
Described gasification furnace preferably comprises that 1 mouthful of air inlet well and 3-10 mouth go out gas well, the 1st mouthful of position that the well location of giving vent to anger is minimum in coal seam.
Described air pressure break is multistage boosting, every grade of 9-11MPa, moment maximum pressure can be greater than 20MPa.
Described gasifying agent is one or more in oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam.
In described gasifying agent, preferred oxygen is 50-70:30-50 with the ratio of carbon dioxide content.
Described igniting agent is one or more in methyl alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate, and bulk density is 1.0-1.4kg/L, and flash-point is 30-40 DEG C.
At the underground sensor that arranges, described sensor is put into underground by sleeve pipe, is arranged on the centre of oxidation panel and goes out gas well mouth, for detection of the gas composition of reaction temperature and pressure and raw gas.
Described micro-negative pressure preferably keeps gasification furnace internal pressure in absolute pressure 99KPa left and right, and well head arranges frequency conversion fan.
Described oxidation panel is preferably suitable with reduction section distance, and dry thermal cracking segment length is a bit larger tham oxidation panel and reduction section.
Described gasifying agent addition is preferably 8～14Nm
3/ 10
6kJ.
Technique effect of the present invention:
The present invention on ground at interval of the distance of 20-300 rice, the boring of drill diameter 200-300 millimeter form a bite air inlet well and some go out gas well, after getting to coal seam foot, then cross drilling, gasification tunnel is connected.When burning, burn toward air inlet well direction from going out gas well, coal seam foot is for going out gas well.Coal seam is adopted to air fracturing technique, make coal seam cross sectional thickness be less than 30 centimetres, add and light coal seam after igniting agent and gasifying agent (gasifying agent is for example oxygen and CO
2mist), make under ground portion coal burning, passage oxidation panel is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C of left and right, reduction section is at 550-900 DEG C, dry thermal cracking section is at 200-550 DEG C.Coal is at underground imperfect combustion, O
2with coal and moisture generation chemical reaction wherein, produce with CO, H
2, CH
4and CO
2be main mist, from the well array of giving vent to anger to ground well head, on ground, in the face of gaseous mixture carries out desulfurization, decontamination, obtains CO, H
2and CH
4gaseous mixture, can produce natural gas, chemical products and oil product.Burn after the stage (i.e. two parts that go out between gas well), by extremely next the recession of the gasifying agent nozzle stage.By pressure and aerodynamics control, form micro-negative pressure in gas outlet and three active sections in down-hole, prevent produced gas to other direction diffusions and escape, can prevent groundwater pollution simultaneously.The length of gasification tunnel and gasification furnace can affect the resistance of gasification furnace air-flow in the underground degree of depth, well head can arrange frequency conversion fan, and it can regulate automatically according to the pressure sensor signal in stove the power of blower fan.
Should, at the underground sensor that arranges, monitor temperature and the gas composition of underground reaction; Sensor, by sleeve pipe, is put into underground preburied good monitoring point.
The kinetics that UCG of the present invention occurs is as shown in the table:
| Sequence number | Reaction | Reaction enthalpy |
| 1 | C+H2O＝H2+CO | ΔH＝+118.5kJ?mol-1 |
| 2 | CO+H2O＝H2+CO2 | ΔH＝-42.3kJ?mol-1 |
| 3 | CO+3H2＝CH4+H2O | ΔH＝-206.0kJ?mol-1 |
| 4 | C+2H2＝CH4 | ΔH＝-87.5kJ?mol-1 |
| 5 | C+1/2O2＝CO | ΔH＝-123.1kJ?mol-1 |
| 6 | C+O2＝CO2 | ΔH＝-406.0kJ?mol-1 |
| 7 | C+CO2＝2CO | ΔH＝+159.9kJ?mol-1 |
1 gasification furnace is by the well construction of giving vent to anger of 1 mouthful of air inlet well and 3-10 mouth, annual 100000 tons of coals of incendivity, and common property raw gas approximately 1.2 hundred million sides, can synthetic natural gas 3,000 ten thousand sides.
Pressure break is the important technology that ensures gasification efficiency and gas production, air fracturing technique of the present invention, owing to adopting multistage mode of boosting, makes to become loose, even after coal pressure break, is convenient to burning, and do not cause environment pollution, ensure gasification efficiency and the gas production of UCG.
Igniting agent of the present invention has following feature:
1, after igniter burning, remain lime-ash and mainly comprise odium stearate, alumina and solid potassium chloride, can not exert an influence to ground water regime;
2, igniting agent stable performance, during storage without self-firing and self-explosion phenomenon, is applicable to vehicle transport;
3, energy-efficient, reliable and stable, with low cost, to coal seam igniting environmental requirement feature low, applied widely.
Gasifying agent of the present invention is one or more in oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam.The effect of gasifying agent both can impel coal combustion, gasification, can also control reaction simultaneously, prevented from burning excessive or not enough.
Adopt the UCG of method of the present invention and the contrast of ground vaporization as shown in the table:
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the gasification furnace overall schematic of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 sensor and igniting schematic diagram.
In figure, each label lists as follows:
1-air inlet well, 2-goes out gas well, the 3-passage of vaporizing, 4-sensor, 5-oxidation panel, 6-reduction section, 7-dry thermal cracking section.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further explained the present invention in order better to explain.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is on ground at interval of the distance of approximately 150 meters, and totally four of the borings that drill diameter is approximately 250 millimeters, after getting to coal seam foot, horizontal drilling again, gasification tunnel is connected, form gasification furnace, as shown in Figure 2, comprising air inlet Jing1Kou, go out 3 mouthfuls of gas wells, generally there is certain inclination angle in coal seam, the position that first well location of giving vent to anger is minimum in coal seam, light in bottom, coal seam, from bottom to top burning.In gasification tunnel, oxidation panel 5, reduction section 6 and dry thermal cracking section 7 length ratios are at 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:1.2.At the underground sensor 4 that arranges, monitor temperature and the gas composition of underground reaction; Sensor 4, by sleeve pipe, is put into underground preburied good monitoring point, as shown in Figure 3.
It is 10% that the present embodiment uses moisture, and calorific value is the dross coal of 5300 kilocalories.First coal seam is adopted to classification air fracturing technique, make coal seam cross sectional thickness be less than 30 centimetres to pressure more than 20MPa greatly by instantaneous pressure.Add and be selected from the igniting agent of methyl alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate and add gasifying agent (oxygen and CO by gasifying agent nozzle
2ratio be 6:4) after light coal seam, after igniting, make under ground portion coal burning, passage oxidation panel is warming up to 1200 DEG C of left and right, reduction section is at 700 DEG C, dry thermal cracking section is at 450 DEG C.Coal is at underground imperfect combustion, O
2with coal and moisture generation chemical reaction wherein, produce with CO, H
2, CH
4and CO
2it is main mist, after the underground gasification of micro-negative pressure, from the well array of giving vent to anger to ground well head, the raw gas that goes out gas well generation is composed as follows: methane 7%, carbon monoxide 28%, hydrogen 25%, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapour etc. account for 40%.
On ground, in the face of gaseous mixture carries out desulfurization, decontamination, obtains CO, H
2and CH
4gaseous mixture.Wherein can produce natural gas, chemical products and oil product; Part CO
2reuse, by isolated CO
2and O
2be injected into by 4:6 underground, CO
2under 1200 DEG C, 6-7 kilogram pressure, with carbon generation reduction reaction, there is the CO of half
2be reduced into CO, realized CO
2reduce discharging.In down-hole, by pressure and aerodynamics control, and well head arranges frequency conversion fan, forms micro-negative pressure of absolute pressure 99KPa at gas outlet and three active sections, prevents produced gas to other directions diffusions and escapes, and can prevent groundwater pollution simultaneously.The operating process of entirety as shown in Figure 1.
After the first two goes out and burnt between gas well, the recession of gasifying agent nozzle is repeated to said process between lower two mouthfuls of wells.
The major parameter of the igniting agent of the present embodiment is as follows:
Table one agent parameter of lighting a fire
| Bulk density | 1.0-1.4kg/L |
| Flash-point | 30-40℃ |
| Enthalpy of combustion | 14000-15000kJ/kg |
| Lime-ash rate | 35％ |
Embodiment 2
It is 16% that the present embodiment uses moisture, and calorific value is the brown coal of 4700 kilocalories, passes into gasifying agent, oxygen and CO in gasifying agent
2ratio be 6:4, adopt the method for similar embodiment 1, after micro-negative pressure underground gasification, go out the raw gas that gas well produces composed as follows: methane 6%, carbon monoxide 26%, hydrogen 23%, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapour etc. account for 45%.
The above detailed description of the invention can make the present invention of those skilled in the art's comprehend; but do not limit the present invention in any way claimed scope; all do not depart from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of this patent; for example hole and obtain the gas well that of varying number, volume according to actual conditions; use different igniting agents and gasifying agent ratio; adopt different multistage fracturings and micro-negative pressure parameter according to coal seam situation; as long as spirit according to the invention, it is all encompassed in the middle of the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (10)
1. by a method for air pressure break and the underground production coal gas of micro-negative pressure, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
On ground at interval of the distance of 20-300 rice, downwards drill diameter is that the boring of 200-300 millimeter forms 1 mouthful of air inlet well and 1 mouthful or many mouthfuls and goes out gas well, after getting into coal seam foot, hole along bottom again, forming a gasification tunnel is communicated with each air inlet well and goes out gas well, entirety forms gasification furnace, and the bottom that wherein goes out gas well is positioned at relatively dark position, coal seam; The part of described gasification tunnel between every two wells is divided into oxidation panel, reduction section and three active sections of dry thermal cracking section on edge successively towards the direction of air inlet well;
Coal seam is adopted to air pressure break, make coal seam cross sectional thickness be less than 30 centimetres, after the oxidation panel between two mouthfuls of adjacent wells adds igniting agent and adds gasifying agent by gasifying agent nozzle, light coal seam and make under ground portion coal burning, oxidation panel is warming up to 900-1300 DEG C, and reduction section is warming up to 550-900 DEG C, and dry thermal cracking section is warming up to 200-550 DEG C, the mist producing is from the adjacent well array of giving vent to anger of oxidation panel to ground well head, on ground, in the face of gaseous mixture carries out desulfurization, decontamination, obtains CO, H
2and CH
4gaseous mixture; After having burnt, gasifying agent nozzle is moved between another two mouthfuls of wells and repeats said process;
In combustion process, form micro-negative pressure at the gas outlet and three active sections that go out gas well.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described gasification furnace comprises that 1 mouthful of air inlet well and 3-10 mouth go out gas well, the 1st mouthful of position that the well location of giving vent to anger is minimum in coal seam.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described air pressure break is multistage boosting, every grade of 9-11MPa, moment maximum pressure can be greater than 20MPa.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described gasifying agent is one or more in oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described gasifying agent, oxygen is 50-70:30-50 with the ratio of carbon dioxide content.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described igniting agent is one or more in methyl alcohol, potassium hyperchlorate, paraffin, sodium, aluminium powder, carbon dust and sodium thiosulfate, and bulk density is 1.0-1.4kg/L, and flash-point is 30-40 DEG C.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described sensor is put into underground by sleeve pipe at the underground sensor that arranges, and is arranged on the centre of oxidation panel and goes out gas well mouth, for detection of the gas composition of reaction temperature and pressure and raw gas.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described micro-negative pressure keeps gasification furnace internal pressure in absolute pressure 99KPa left and right, and well head arranges frequency conversion fan.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described oxidation panel and reduction section distance quite, and dry thermal cracking segment length is a bit larger tham oxidation panel and reduction section.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described gasifying agent addition is 8～14Nm
3/ 10
6kJ.
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| CN106089171A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-11-09 | 北京普新石油技术开发有限公司 | A kind of utilization burns the method that coal seam auxiliary makes seam exploiting coal bed methane |
| CN109138952A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-04 | 邓晓亮 | A kind of system and method for overcritical underground coal gasification(UCG) output power generation |
| CN109707363A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock fracturing device and method |
| CN111661817A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-15 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for preparing hydrogen by using abandoned mine |
| CN111963137A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Underground gasification method for huge thick coal seam |
| CN113027410A (en) * | 2021-04-10 | 2021-06-25 | 天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心 | Multi-channel gasification furnace for underground coal gasification and gasification method |
| CN114151060A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 安徽顺安矿建工程有限公司 | Preheating ignition device for coal field gasification and coal field gasification method |
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| CN114151060A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 安徽顺安矿建工程有限公司 | Preheating ignition device for coal field gasification and coal field gasification method |
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