CN104133216B - A kind of radar detection method and device obtaining Low level wind profile - Google Patents

A kind of radar detection method and device obtaining Low level wind profile Download PDF

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CN104133216B
CN104133216B CN201410341858.4A CN201410341858A CN104133216B CN 104133216 B CN104133216 B CN 104133216B CN 201410341858 A CN201410341858 A CN 201410341858A CN 104133216 B CN104133216 B CN 104133216B
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antenna
radar
signal
wind profile
low level
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CN104133216A (en
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沈江林
孙文玲
王嘉祥
魏艳强
石瑞英
李隽�
张颖
杨川
任迎新
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Aerospace new weather Technology Co., Ltd
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Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G01S13/956—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use mounted on ship or other platform
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the radar exploration technique, for the deficiency of existing installation low latitude detectivity, frequency modulated continuous wave radar technology and wind profile radar technology are combined, it is proposed to a kind of radar detection method and device obtaining Low level wind profile; The linear Continuous Wave with frequency modulation of spination is launched by a phased array antenna, echoed signal is received by another phased array antenna, form the mode of operation of continuous wave radar double antenna, two antenna array horizontal Tiles are placed, actinal surface is towards sky, Time share scanning forms 5 the detection wave beams the same with wind profile radar, detectable signal and data to these 5 wave beams carry out the signal processing similar with wind profile radar and data processing, obtain minimum altitude and can be low to moderate minimum Low level wind profile and other the basic data product reaching 10m height of 50m; Adopt the product low latitude continuous wave survey wind and thunder of manufacture of the present invention to reach to be widely used.

Description

A kind of radar detection method and device obtaining Low level wind profile
Technical field
The present invention relates to the radar exploration technique field, particularly relate to a kind of radar detection method and the device that obtain Low level wind profile.
Background technology
Earth atmosphere is divided into according to the in height layering of heating power structure: troposphere, stratosphere, middle layer, thermosphere. Atmospheric boundary layer is gas-bearing formation near ground in troposphere, there is the turbulent flow of various yardstick, and the daily variation of meteorologicelements is remarkable. Only having tens meters time boundary layer thickness is low, can reach several kilometers time high, typical case's value is 1km to 3km. Atmospheric boundary layer is divided into again near-earth surface layer, mixolimnion and top inversion layer. The position on top, frictional belt is roughly at the middle part of top inversion layer.
Turbulent flow is motion morphology main in atmospheric boundary layer, and the conveying of the Momentum Transport between ground surface and air, heat delivery, water-vapor exchange and material is played main effect by turbulent flow. The flowing of fluid has two kinds of forms, i.e. laminar flow (sheet stream) and turbulent flow (disorderly stream). By turbulent falling films, the solar radiant energy that daytime, ground obtained upwards is carried with the form of sensible heat and latent heat, heating air above. Night, the radiation cooling on ground had influence on the air above it too gradually. This kind of heat delivery process causes the significant one of the main reasons of meteorological feature.
Near-earth surface layer is the bottom of atmospheric boundary layer, is generally tens meters, along with the increase of thickness or the reduction of atmospheric boundary layer and respective change. At near-earth surface layer, air structure depends on the Turbulent dynamics of vertical direction. In this layer, turbulent flow momentum flux, turbulence flux isoflux vertical with steam with height change and amount of flux itself compared with very little, it is possible to think that various flux is approximately constant value. Further, each meteorologicelements with height change than in frictional belt, top remarkable, scale of atmospheric motion scale is less, and wind direction is with highly almost unchanged.
The detection of acquisition Low level wind profile of the present invention, refer to the detection to atmospheric turbulence included on height in atmospheric boundary layer near the near-earth surface layer on ground, it is possible to obtain minimum altitude can be low to moderate Low level wind profile and the atmospheric refraction rate construction of indexes constant Cn of 50m to 10m2Etc. data product. Wind outline refers to Wind outline figure and data thereof, and Wind outline figure is exactly that wind arrow amount (wind speed and direction) distribution in height is schemed over time. Obtain Low level wind profile and can provide basic data for dynamic structure and the change of research and prediction low latitude atmospheric wind, in local weather forecasting, Short-term Forecast, aeronautical meteorology wind shear early warning and air environmental pollution early warning, all there is significant application value.
In air Wind outline Detection Techniques, past existing radar detection method brief introduction is as follows:
1. Wind outline acoustic radar detection method and device
Acoustic radar is a kind of acoustics remote sensing detection equipment, and it is by being radiated space by acoustic energy and the acoustical signal returned of space exploration target reflection. The process of acoustic radar detectable signal is identical with control mode and radar, owing to not being radio detection equipment, so also referred to as sodar (Sodar).
Wind outline acoustic radar take atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer as the detection target of radar, and dependence sends sound wave pulse and detects, and detection principle and wind profile radar are similar, and wave beam control is easy to realize, it is possible to carry out the detection of 5 wave beams, adopts pulse compression technology.
Wind outline acoustic radar can realize minimum detection height 50m to 10m, can carry out obtaining the detection of Low level wind profile, but the shortcoming of Wind outline acoustic radar is mainly, detection data acquisition rate is relatively not high, minimum detection is highly subject to the impact of environment land clutter and weather condition all bigger, the impact being particularly also subject to place noise is very big, is very limited during actual use.
2. LDV technique detection method and device
Lidar is a kind of optics remote sensing detection equipment, and it is by being radiated space by laser energy and the optical signal returned of space exploration target reflection. Traditional radar is using microwave and millimere-wave band as the radar of carrier wave. Lidar is using laser as carrier wave. Laser is the hertzian wave of light-wave band, wavelength ratio microwave and millimeter wave much shorter. Information can be carried with amplitude, frequency, phase place and polarization. Lidar also claims light to reach (Lidar).
LDV technique, taking the molecule in air or macromole aerosol (molecular grouping) as radar detection target, it is possible to measure the three-dimensional vector wind field of air. The wavelength of LDV technique is generally 355nm, 532nm, 1.55um, 1.6um and 2um, and wavelength is chosen relevant with detecting height scope. High aerial macromole aerosol is fewer, surveys wind and mainly relies on molecular scattering, generally selects 355nm and 532nm wavelength, adopt incoherent Doppler measurement mode. In low latitude, macromole aerosol is many, surveys wind and mainly relies on macromole aerosol scattering, generally select 1.55um, 1.6um and 2um wavelength, adopts coherent Doppler metering system. LDV technique detection system can adopt pulse regime, it is also possible to adopts continuous wave system. Adopting the LDV technique of pulse regime, minimum detectable range is tens meters. Adopting the LDV technique of continuous wave system, minimum detectable range can reach 10m.
LDV technique beam directional is good, and wave beam direction can adopt the low elevation angle, it is possible to the spatial domain that scanning probe is bigger, and compared to Wind outline acoustic radar and wind profile radar, minimum detection highly affects little by environment land clutter. Still there is short-distance blind section in the lidar that LDV technique shortcoming is pulse regime, mainly it is subject to pulse width and the restriction of transmitterreceiver switch speed, the lidar of continuous wave system, cannot obtain the detection data in multiple distance at present simultaneously within the time once detecting accumulation. In addition, laser decay in an atmosphere is bigger by the impact of meteorological conditions, as the decay in cloud and mist is just bigger, relatively be suitable for the observation height of cloud base, penetrating the ability of cloud layer not as microwave radar, when clear sky aerosol is less, detection power is also greatly affected.
3. wind profile radar detection method and device
Radar: a kind of radio remote sensing detection electronics, it is by being radiated space by electromagnetic wave energy and the signal returned of space exploration target reflection, and existing radar general reference adopts radio method to carry out the device of target detection. Pulsed radar: launch the radar that signal waveform adopts a string amplitude modulation pulse, comprises and adopts impulse phase coding, pulse-repetition coding, and chirp etc. adopt the radar of pulse compression technology. According to the time delay between transponder pulse and the echo-pulses received, the distance of measurement target. Full phase parameter radar: adopt the signal joined mutually with transmitting signal as local oscillation signal, the echoed signal received is joined mutually reception process, adopts Doppler frequency bank of filters to extract the Doppler frequency of echoed signal, carry out the radar of target velocity measurement, and when multiple cycles of radar carry out Doppler message process, then can be called full phase parameter radar. Phased array radar: be the radar adopting phased array antenna.
Wind profile radar, based on clear-air turbulence detection, is a kind of meteorologic radar. Wind profile radar mainly utilizes atmospheric turbulence scattering (Bragg scattering) effect of hertzian wave the physical quantitys such as atmospheric wind to be detected and obtain the data such as Wind outline. Wind profile radar has compared with ball surveys wind with traditional, it is possible to obtain the basic data of the high time-space resolution power that continuous print is real-time. Wind profile radar generally adopts phased array entirely to join the working system of pulsed radar mutually.
The phased array antenna of wind profile radar, antenna array horizontal positioned, actinal surface is towards sky. Typical detection mode adopts five wave beam detections, and 1 is perpendicular to vertical wave beam and 4 oblique wave bundles deviateing antenna array normal direction (vertical direction) 10 �� to 20 �� of antenna array, see Fig. 1. 4 oblique wave bundles of same antenna have identical wave beam inclination angle, and typical case's value is about 75 ��. The wave beam of 4 oblique wave bundles points to the projection on antenna array and forms cross intersection.
4 oblique wave bundles of wind profile radar antenna, according to its projecting direction on antenna array, can be designated front wave beam, rear wave beam, left wave beam, right wave beam. When the horizontal plane projection of 4 oblique wave bundles forms east, west, south, north sensing, 4 oblique wave bundles, can be designated east wave beam, western wave beam, south wave beam, north wave beam.
Wind profile radar generally adopts five wave beams to detect in turn, measures the radial wind speed of each wave beam, carries out vector project and calculates vertical gas velocity, wind direction and wind speed and other data product and graphic product. Here wind direction refers to the direction of wind arrow amount in the projection of horizontal plane, and wind speed refers to the size (amplitude) of wind arrow amount in the projection of horizontal plane, and wind arrow amount is called vertical gas velocity in the projection of Z-axis, and being one has positive and negative scalar.
Wind profile radar, according to the difference of maximum probe height, is divided into boundary layer wind-profile radar, troposphere wind profiler radar and stratosphere wind profile radar. The operating frequency in frictional belt mostly is L-band, and tropospheric operating frequency mostly is P wave band, stratospheric mostly is uhf band.
The existing wind profile radar the most similar in technical scheme to the present invention is " entirely joining phased array pulse boundary layer wind-profile radar mutually ", below can be called for short existing pulse wind profile radar.
The composition of existing pulse wind profile radar device:
Centralized transmitting, the composition of wind profile radar comprises: phased array antenna, TR assembly, emitter, receiving apparatus (containing frequently combining), wave beam pilot circuit, signal processing and pilot circuit, data processing terminal, power supply, TR assembly mentioned here, comprises tuner, TR transmit-receive switch, circulator.
The distributed transmitting of linear array, the composition of wind profile radar comprises: phased array antenna, TR transceiver module, receiving apparatus (containing frequently combining), wave beam pilot circuit, signal processing and pilot circuit, data processing terminal, power supply, TR transceiver module mentioned here, comprise tuner, TR transmit-receive switch, circulator, phase shifter and transmitting module.
Existing pulse wind profile radar drip irrigation device:
Existing pulse wind profile radar is pulsed radar, and operating frequency adopts L-band, adopts a phased array antenna, launches and receives the same phased array antenna of use, and antenna array horizontal positioned, actinal surface is towards sky. Being designed with phase shifter in phased array antenna, it is possible to change the sensing of beam of an antenna fast, adopt phased array antenna 5 beam scanning detection, the index Design at bandwidth and inclination angle is referring also to the design specifications of existing pulse wind profile radar; Existing pulse wind profile radar adopts the ranging technology of pulsed radar, signal processing comprises the range gate signal weighting FFT that extracts calculates frequency spectrum or power spectrum, the calculating etc. that data processing comprises the frequency spectrum of gating signal of adjusting the distance or power spectrum carries out wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculating, uniform averaging, detection data according to 5 wave beams carry out wind direction and wind velocity.
Existing pulse wind profile radar basic functional principle:
Adopt a phased array antenna, launch radio-frequency modulations pulse signal by phased array antenna, receive atmosphere target echoed signal by same phased array antenna. The echo-pulses of atmosphere target and the time delay of transponder pulse, direct ratio is in the distance of atmosphere target and radar. Target echo pulse is sampled and matched filtering, obtains the echoed signal of atmosphere target corresponding to each distance time delay, so just separate the echoed signal of the atmosphere target from different distance.
The advantage of existing pulse wind profile radar:
Adopting phased array antenna, the good directionality of antenna, lobe far away is low, can carry out the detection of 5 wave beams. Detection system, detection mechanism meet industry design specification, technology maturation.
The deficiency of existing pulse wind profile radar is:
L-band, antenna size is big, and minimum detection is highly subject to the restriction of antenna far field condition, minimum detection height 50m and more than. Pulse ranging technology, resolution in range depends on pulse width, it is difficult to realizing very narrow pulse (such as 0.3 below �� S), resolving power is difficult to reach below 50m, it is difficult to realize the high resolution range power requirement required for the detection of low latitude. As adopted Linear FM pulse compression, distance side lobe depends on the non-periodic autocorrelation function of waveform, the distance side lobe requirement that can not meet low latitude detection bigger than normal. Pulse wind profile radar adopts transmit-receive switch, and transmit-receive switch limits minimum detectable range switching time, is the one of the main reasons causing detection blind area, low latitude. Wind profile radar minimum detection height 50m and more than, it is difficult to the near-earth surface layer being used in detection study atmospheric boundary layer.
4.FMCW meteorological radar sounding method and device
FMCW is the english abbreviation of frequency modulation continuous wave. Meteorologic radar: be the radar for aerological sounding, adopts pulse Doppler system usually, and minority adopts continuous wave system.
FMCW meteorologic radar is a kind of full phase parameter radar detecting frictional belt air, there are extremely high range resolution and sensitivity, there is doppler's speed measuring function, the fine structure of the inversion layer, fluctuation, wind and the turbulent flow convection current that are mainly used to measure in atmospheric boundary layer, dynamics and weather phenomena, it is possible to the turbulence characteristic of detection smaller szie. Usual operating frequency adopts S-band, is possible not only to the detection study carrying out Clear air turbulence, and can cloud, rain be detected, provides the observation data of the spatial distributions such as frictional belt air wind and turbulent flow.
FMCW meteorologic radar, launches sinusoidal continuous wave and the frequency of the sinusoidal continuous wave launched is carried out spination chirp, adopts and launches and receive two antennas, launches linear frequency modulation continuous wave signal with sending out antenna, receives atmosphere target echoed signal with receipts antenna. Signal has identical frequency sweep slope to local oscillation signal with launching, local oscillation signal carries out mixing with echoed signal continuously, the difference frequency direct ratio that mixing exports is in the distance of atmosphere target and radar, difference frequency signal is carried out spectral decomposition, with regard to separable out from the echoed signal of the atmosphere target of different distance, echoed signal is carried out spectral decomposition and Doppler estimation in multiple cycles of radar.
FMCW meteorologic radar relies on frequency modulation technology, produces the frequency changed in time, realizes the resolution to the time by the resolution of frequency, thus realize the resolving power of distance. Frequency modulated continuous wave radar is to the resolution of frequency, it is possible to realize good range unit low sidelobe characteristic, is specially adapted to the echo of air echo, continuously target, is suitable for having lower many Bu Le frequency and atomic weak echoed signal.
The double antenna that FMCW meteorologic radar adopts continuous wave radar conventional, launches and reception uses a parabolic antenna separately, and limit is enclosed in the circumferentially installation at each parabolic antenna, to improve the isolation of double antenna, avoids receiving apparatus saturated phenomenon occur. The limit of enclosing of the antenna of continuous wave radar is also conducive to reducing ground clutter.
The existing FMCW meteorologic radar the most similar in technical scheme to the present invention is " entirely joining Continuous Wave with frequency modulation meteorologic radar mutually ", below can be called for short existing FMCW meteorologic radar.
The composition of existing FMCW weather radar set:
2 parabolic antennas, each parabolic antenna circumferentially install enclose limit, each parabolic antenna install three feed arrays, emitter, tuner, receiving apparatus (containing frequently combining), wave beam pilot circuit, signal processing and pilot circuit, data processing terminal, power supply.
Existing FMCM meteorologic radar drip irrigation device:
Existing FMCM meteorologic radar, adopt the operating frequency of S-band, the double antenna adopting continuous wave radar conventional is launched simultaneously and receives, and transmitting and reception use a parabolic antenna separately, and limit is enclosed in the circumferentially installation at each parabolic antenna, each parabolic antenna has installed three feeds, adopt 3 beam scanning detections, adopt the ranging technology of FMCW continuous wave radar, adopt linear frequency modulation continuous wave waveform, adopt chirp local oscillation signal, adopt weighting FFT to carry out the extraction of range gate signal.
Existing FMCM meteorologic radar basic functional principle:
Adopt and launch and receive two antennas, with transmission antennas transmit linear frequency modulation continuous wave signal, receive atmosphere target echoed signal with receiving antenna. Signal has identical frequency sweep slope to local oscillation signal with launching, local oscillation signal carries out mixing with echoed signal continuously, difference frequency signal, in the distance of atmosphere target and radar, is carried out spectral decomposition, so that it may separate the echoed signal of the atmosphere target from different distance by the difference frequency direct ratio that mixing exports.
The advantage of existing FMCW meteorologic radar radar:
Rely on chirp technology, thus realize the high resolution capacity of distance. FMCW meteorologic radar, compared with pulsed radar, has emission peak power low, and mean power is big, it does not have the plurality of advantages such as the short-distance blind section restriction that transmit-receive switch causes. Limit is enclosed in circumferentially having installed of each parabolic antenna, except improving isolation and not making receiving apparatus saturated, decreases the ground clutter received
The deficiency of existing FMCM meteorologic radar is:
Existing FMCM meteorologic radar, adopting 2 parabolic antennas, minimum detection is highly subject to these two beam of an antenna and intersects the bigger restriction of distance, still there is short-distance blind section, or the detection in near-earth surface layer low latitude can not be carried out, minimum detection be highly 50m and more than.
In sum, existing various detection method, deficiency when obtaining Low level wind profile is: when near-earth surface layer (being generally tens meters), adopt boundary layer wind-profile radar or adopt FMCW meteorologic radar to there will be short-distance blind section, the Low level wind profile (wind field wind direction and wind velocity data) of below 50m cannot be obtained, adopt Wind outline acoustic radar Low level wind profile acquisition rate low, big by such environmental effects, use is very limited, adopt continuous wave laser to survey wind and thunder to reach, in cloud and mist and when clear sky aerosol is less, detection power is greatly affected.
Existing pulse wind profile radar and existing FMCW meteorologic radar, all there is bigger blind area in their detection method and device, cannot detect the altitude wind field of below 50m, cannot obtain the Wind outline data of below 50m.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of radar detection method and the device that obtain Low level wind profile, solve and adopt boundary layer wind-profile radar or adopt FMCW meteorologic radar to there will be short-distance blind section, the problem of the Low level wind profile (wind field wind direction and wind velocity data) of below 50m cannot be obtained, obtain the data of the Low level wind profile comprising near-earth surface layer, carry out near-earth surface layer, the detection in atmospheric boundary layer low latitude, minimum detection is highly 50m to 10m, make up existing radar detection method and deficiency that device exists in the detectivity of low latitude, for dynamic structure and the change of research and prediction low latitude atmospheric wind provides basic data, in local weather forecasting, Short-term Forecast, the important applied field such as aeronautical meteorology wind shear early warning and air environmental pollution early warning provide price low, the very high resolution low latitude atmospheric exploration equipment that cost performance is high.
The inventive method and device technical problem to be solved are to meet the following technical requirements required for the detection of low latitude better:
1. radar scanner meets low latitude far field condition. Radar is proximity detection by low latitude detection, and radar scanner meets far field condition and could realize focusing on, and this is the primary condition realizing radar detection. Low latitude focusing requirement can be called for short;
2. the focusing of antenna lobe good, far away is low. Not only to be focused on, and require that focusing lobe good, far away is low, only in this way could reduce land clutter power, it is to increase signal to noise ratio. Antenna directivity requirement can be called for short;
3. leak the system noise power that causes and do not cause excessive loss of sensitivity (snr loss), avoid causing the exhibition of land clutter signal frequency spectrum is wide and makes an uproar in big end rising. System lower noise requirement can be called for short;
4. Emission High Resolution Reeb shape. Ensureing low latitude below 50m, particularly the detection of 10m to 20m height, signal to noise ratio is not by the impact of zero distance clutter near the ground. Very high resolution requirement can be called for short;
5. adopt continuous wave radar to receive and dispatch system simultaneously. Realize high resolution, high-average power, it is achieved distance side lobe characteristic more better than frequency modulation on pulse compression signal and blind area characteristic. Can be called for short under high resolution condition high-average power low sidelobe requirement;
6. adopt double antenna. Double antenna improves isolation, is the important measures solving isolating problem, reduces the requirement to reception and signal handling equipment dynamicrange. High-isolation requirement can be called for short.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the demand of air low latitude detection and existing radar detection method, the technical scheme of existing pulse wind profile radar and existing FMCW meteorologic radar is carried out combined innovation. The present invention discloses a kind of radar detection method and the device that obtain Low level wind profile, is a kind of method and device of adopting microwave remote sensing Detection Techniques, and namely the technical scheme of a radar adopts S-band entirely to join FMCM phased array wind profile radar working system mutually.
The present invention adopts the operating frequency of S-band, the double antenna adopting continuous wave radar conventional is launched simultaneously and receives, and adopts the ranging technology of FMCW continuous wave radar, adopts linear frequency modulation continuous wave waveform, adopt chirp local oscillation signal, adopt weighting FFT to carry out the extraction of range gate signal; The present invention adopts phased array antenna, antenna array horizontal positioned, actinal surface is towards sky, phased array antenna is designed with phase shifter, the sensing of beam of an antenna can be changed fast, adopting phased array 5 beam scanning detection, the index Design at bandwidth and inclination angle is referring also to the design specifications of existing pulse wind profile radar; Signal processing of the present invention comprises the range gate signal weighting FFT that extracts calculates frequency spectrum or power spectrum, the calculating etc. that data processing comprises the frequency spectrum of gating signal of adjusting the distance or power spectrum carries out wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculating, uniform averaging, detection data according to 5 wave beams carry out wind direction and wind velocity.
The technical scheme of a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile of the present invention is:
A kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile, employing microwave radar detects, adopt the operating frequency of S-band, adopt full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar working system mutually, adopt phased array wind profile radar working system, wave beam control adopts 5 beam scannings, carries out the detection of atmospheric boundary layer Low level wind profile; Antenna adopts transmitting-receiving double antenna mode of operation, adopts phased array antenna, send out antenna 2, receive antenna 3 closely side by side horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, electrical characteristic size is identical, wave beam points to identical; Transmitted wave shape adopts linear frequency modulation continuous wave, launches linear frequency modulation continuous wave power signal with emitter 1 output linearity Continuous Wave with frequency modulation power signal, an antenna 2, receives air echoed signal with receipts antenna 3, receiving apparatus 4; Adopt signal processing and monitor 5 that the echo signal of intermediate frequency that receiving apparatus exports carries out data gathering, numeral down coversion, digital filtering, adopt the wind modal data that weighting FFT spectrum is analyzed, noise filter extracts range unit signal; Adopt communication and the wind modal data of each range unit signal of each wave beam is carried out smoothly by data processing terminal 6, wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculate, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation, finally output Low level wind profile data product.
In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, the operating frequency of described S-band is the scope of 2700MHz to 3100MHz, is the work frequency range of meteorologic radar. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described linear frequency modulation continuous wave adopts the scan width of more than 15MHz. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and electrical characteristic size is identical, and the electrical characteristic size of employing is less than or equal to 1m. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and each antenna includes some antenna unit, and antenna cell layout adopts shape weighting. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, two antennas 2,3 placed side by side, the radome that each antenna array is installed adopts microwave photon Meta Materials to make. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and each installation loudspeaker enclose limit 23,33, see Fig. 8. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, in the outside of two antennas, install a fence and enclose limit 8, see Fig. 9. In the technical scheme of aforesaid method, described sends out antenna 2 and receives antenna 3, and actinal surface is towards sky, but allows to send out antenna (2) and receive antenna (3) horizontal positioned have certain angle.
The technical scheme of radar detection apparatus of the present invention is:
Obtain a radar detection apparatus for Low level wind profile, comprise emitter 1, send out antenna 2, receive antenna 3, receiving apparatus 4, signal processing and monitor 5, communication and data processing terminal 6 and power supply 7 form; It is characterized in that, the operating frequency of described radar detection apparatus is S-band, and antenna comprises to be sent out antenna 2 and receives antenna 3 two antennas, and two antennas are all phased array antenna, closely horizontal positioned side by side, and electrical characteristic size is identical, and actinal surface is towards sky; The wave beam that signal processing and monitor 5 control to send out antenna 2 and receive antenna 3 carries out 5 beam scannings, and antenna 3 wave beam points to identical with receiving to send out antenna 2;
Receiving apparatus 4 produces spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave rf excitation signal to emitter 1, and emitter 1, under the effect of actuation signal, exports spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave power signal and gives an antenna 2, send out antenna 2 emission detection wave beam; Receipts antenna 3 receives air echoed signal and gives receiving apparatus 4, and receiving apparatus 4 carries out amplifying to received signal, down coversion, filtering process, produces echo signal of intermediate frequency, gives signal processing and monitor 5;
Echo signal of intermediate frequency is carried out data gathering, numeral down coversion, digital filtering by signal processing and monitor 5, carries out weighting FFT spectrum analysis, clutter filtering suppression, extracts range unit signal and wind modal data thereof, and send gives communication and data processing terminal 6; The wind modal data of the range unit signal of 5 wave beams is carried out smoothly, composes square calculating, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation etc. by communication and data processing terminal 6, finally exports Low level wind profile data product.
The further explanation of radar detection apparatus technical scheme of the present invention:
Connection relation:
See Figure 13 or Figure 14, emitter 1, by connecting 202, antenna 2 is connected with sending out, and is connected to the feed phase shift network 22 sending out inner antenna; Sending out inner antenna, antenna array 21 is connected with sending out by connecting 201 to send out feed phase shift network 22; At receipts inner antenna, receive antenna array 31 and it is connected with tuner and receipts phase shift feed network 32 by connection 207; Receive antenna 3 to be connected with receiving apparatus by connection 208; Receiving apparatus 4 is connected with signal processing and monitor 5 with connection 210 by connection 209; Signal processing and monitor 5 are connected with communication and data processing terminal 6 by connection 211, it is connected with emitter 1 by connecting 204, by connecting 203, antenna 2 is connected with sending out, it is connected to the feed phase shift network 22 sending out inner antenna, it is connected with receipts antenna 3 by connecting 205, it is connected to the tuner receiving inner antenna and receives phase shift feed network 32.
Equipment energy characteristic:
Operating frequency S-band, sending out antenna 2 is the phased antenna of passive linear array, send out antenna 2 comprise an antenna array 21 and send out a feed phase shift network 22, receiving antenna 3 is the half phased antenna of active linear array, receive antenna 3 comprise receipts antenna array 31 and tuner and receive phase shift feed network 32, receiving antenna and have low-noise amplifier (tuner), sending out antenna 2 and receiving antenna 3 is all the 5 phased antennas of beam scanning. Receiving apparatus 4 inside comprises receiving apparatus and amplifies chain and frequently combine. Signal processing and monitor 5 inside comprise timing synchronization and communication control circuit and signal treatment circuit. Signal treatment circuit comprises digital intermediate frequency and gathers ADC, numeral down coversion DDC, and can carry out the circuit such as FPGA of FFT computing.
5 detection wave beams are produced by phased array antenna, and antenna 3 has identical cell distribution structure and feed structure with receiving to send out antenna 2. The wave beam sending out antenna 2 and receipts antenna 3 is oriented to same direction, such as, in Fig. 1, receives and all points to east with transmitted beams, or other direction. More than certain height, wave beam overlaps substantially, and the impact of the distance between double antenna very little can ignoring is not remembered, as shown in situation a in Fig. 2.
Principle of work:
Send out antenna 2 by its inside send out a feed phase shift network 22 carry out phase shifting control formed transmitted beams, Tu13Zhong, connect 203 expression signals process and monitor 5 to send out feed phase shift network 22 control cables. Receiving antenna 3 is the half phased antenna of active linear array, receipts antenna can be carried out phase shifting control by the tuner of its inside and receipts phase shift feed network 32 and form reception wave beam, in Figure 13, connect 205 expression signals process and monitor 5 to tuner and receive phase shift feed network 32 control cables.
The frequency of receiving apparatus 4 inside combines the actuation signal that circuit produces emitter, by connecting the input terminus that 206 are sent to transmitter module. Launching actuation signal is spination chirp frequency sweep signal 104, see Fig. 3. To launching, actuation signal carries out amplifying acquisition transmitted power signal by connecting the 202 feed phase shift network 22 delivering in an antenna 2 emitter 1. Send out antenna 2 emission detection wave beam. The wave beam sending out antenna 2 formation points to same direction with the wave beam receiving antenna 3 formation, and sends out antenna 2 and receive antenna 3 close proximity, placed side by side. Representing in Fig. 2 a, on minimum probe unit, transmitting antenna wave beam has 101 (more than the 30% of wave beam sectional area) that overlap of enough areas with receiving antenna wave beam, and receiving antenna wave beam can obtain reflected signal.
The echoed signal of each range unit reflection of atmospheric turbulence target is received antenna 3 and is received. The mode receiving beam of an antenna formation is similar with the mode sending out beam of an antenna formation, the echoed signal that receipts antenna 3 receives synthesizes, after being received the tuner of inner antenna and receiving phase shift feed network 32 phase shift, the echoed signal 105 receiving wave beam, echoed signal 105 represents the echoed signal of multiple range unit, see Figure 13 and Fig. 3, deliver to receiving apparatus 4 carry out down coversion by connecting 208, export echo signal of intermediate frequency. Through the down coversion of receiving apparatus 4, the echo radiofrequency signal of certain range unit turns into the single-frequency signal 107 of respective frequencies, and see Fig. 4, echo radiofrequency signal turns into echo IF output signal (being generally tens), connection 209 in Figure 13, is sent to signal processing and monitor 5.
The down coversion that receiving apparatus 4 carries out, local oscillation signal is the frequency sweep signal identical with launching signal frequency sweep slope, the different distance unit exported after going tiltedly process like this echoed signal have different frequencies, Fig. 5 illustrates the waveform of the echoed signal of 4 range units, from waveform it may be seen that 4 different distance unit echoed signal have different frequencies. Echoed signal 108 illustrates the waveform of a certain range unit echo, see Fig. 5.
The intermediate frequency signal that receiving apparatus 4 exports is carried out data gathering by signal processing and monitor 5, complete numeral down coversion, complete range unit FFT signal analysis, extract the signal of different frequencies corresponding to different distance unit, after each range unit signal is carried out filtering, the speed FFT signal analysis entirely joined mutually between the cycle of carrying out, provides frequency spectrum or the power spectrum data of range unit signal.
Signal processing and monitor 5 also are responsible for sending or transmit beam of an antenna control command by connecting 203,205, power-off control command is added, by connecting 210 transmission operation of receiver parameters, frequently comprehensive waveform parameter and launch the synchronizing pulse required for excitation signal waveforms produces by connecting 204 transmission emitter.
The pilot circuit of signal processing and monitor 5 completes the control to radar beam, and circulation carries out the detection of 5 wave beams. Signal processing device 5, by connecting the control command of 211 acceptance communications and data processing terminal 6, controls the workflow of radar set, as when beam switchover, emitter stops transmitted power etc.
The frequency spectrum that 5 wave beam detections are finally obtained by signal processing device and monitor 5 or power spectrum data, be sent to communication and data processing terminal 6 by connecting 211. The data processing of frequency spectrum or power spectrum is completed by communication and data processing terminal 6, frequency spectrum first moment, the two rank square method of calculation of wind profile radar are adopted to calculate radial wind speed and spectrum width, adopt uniform averaging and the vector calculation method of wind profile radar to calculate wind direction and wind velocity data, provide Wind outline and corresponding data product. Signal processing and monitor 5 211 can realize network remote control and long-range network connection data terminal by connecting.
In the technical scheme of said apparatus, the operating frequency of described S-band is the scope of 2700MHz to 3100MHz; The scan width of described linear frequency modulation continuous wave is at more than 15MHz; In the technical scheme of said apparatus, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and size is identical, and electrical characteristic size is less than or equal to 1m. In the technical scheme of said apparatus, two antennas 2,3 placed side by side, the radome that on each antenna array, useful microwave photon Meta Materials makes; In the technical scheme of said apparatus, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, respectively have loudspeaker to enclose limit 23,33, see Fig. 8; In the technical scheme of said apparatus, described phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, in the outside of placed side by side 2 antennas, have a fence to enclose limit 8; In the technical scheme of said apparatus, described sends out antenna 2 and receives antenna 3, and actinal surface is towards sky, but allows to send out antenna 2 and receive antenna 3 horizontal positioned have certain angle. In the technical scheme of said apparatus, described receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor 5 also integrated installation in the inside receiving antenna 3. In the technical scheme of said apparatus, antenna array comprises 2 mutually perpendicular linear arrays.
The present invention and existing FMCM meteorologic radar and existing pulse wind profile radar compare, and are described as follows:
The present invention adopts the operating frequency of S-band, identical with existing FMCM meteorologic radar, different from existing pulse wind profile radar; The present invention adopts and launches and receive two antennas, with transmission antennas transmit spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave signal, receives atmosphere target echoed signal with receiving antenna, identical with existing FMCM meteorologic radar, different from existing pulse wind profile radar; The present invention adopts phased array antenna, antenna array horizontal positioned, and actinal surface is towards sky, antenna is designed with phase shifter, it is possible to change the sensing of beam of an antenna fast, adopts 5 beam scanning detections, different from existing FMCM meteorologic radar, identical with existing pulse wind profile radar; Signal has identical frequency sweep slope to receiving apparatus local oscillation signal of the present invention with launching, local oscillation signal carries out mixing with echoed signal continuously, the difference frequency direct ratio that receiving apparatus mixing exports is in the distance of atmosphere target and radar, the echo signal processing mode of the present invention is identical with existing FMCM meteorologic radar, different from existing pulse wind profile radar; Signal processing of the present invention adopts FFT that the difference frequency signal in the sampling time is carried out spectral decomposition, separate the echoed signal from different distance place target, the extracting mode of range unit signal of the present invention is identical with existing FMCM meteorologic radar, different from existing pulse wind profile radar; Data processing of the present invention carries out vector project calculating according to the detection data of 5 wave beams, different from existing FMCM meteorologic radar, identical with existing pulse wind profile radar.
The method of the present invention and the useful effect of device be:
The detection method of the present invention and device, adopt S-band entirely to join FMCM phased array wind profile radar working system mutually, be a kind of microwave radar, low latitude detection is not subject to Environmental Noise Influence, data acquisition rate height, and environmental adaptation ability is strong, decrease the restriction in use, it is to increase the detection power in cloud and mist. The detection method of the present invention and device, reduce environment land clutter power, it is to increase signal to noise ratio height.
The phased array antenna that the detection method of the present invention and device adopt and 5 detection wave beams, meet wind profile radar design specifications. The detection method of the present invention and device, the double antenna of employing, it is to increase radar transmit-receive isolation, reduces the system noise of low latitude detection. The detection method of the present invention and device, adopt wideband correlation to achieve high resolution range power, maintain enough big dutycycle and radar average emitted power, it is to increase the detectivity of low latitude below 50m. The detection method of the present invention and device, better solve the problem of distance side lobe by the weighting of Range resolution FFT, reduces Radar Low-Altitude blind area. The present invention does not have transmit-receive switch, there is not the problem that transmit-receive switch limits minimum detectable range switching time, eliminates transmit-receive switch to the restriction of Radar Low-Altitude blind area.
The method of the present invention and the technical scheme of device and the useful effect brought are described in detail as follows:
1. adopt microwave radar detection method
Eliminate acoustic radar and lidar, avoid acoustic radar and be subject to the low problem of the data acquisition rate that affects of neighbourhood noise and LDV technique is decayed the problem that big power seriously reduces under the weather conditions such as cloud and mist; Low latitude of the present invention detection is not by Environmental Noise Influence, and data acquisition rate height, environmental adaptation ability is strong.
The operating frequency of 2.S wave band
A. detecting highly more low, the turbulent flow yardstick of atmosphere target is more little, and S-band is more suitable for the clear-air turbulence Wind outline detection of low latitude below 200m, also takes into account the clear-air turbulence Wind outline detection in frictional belt, also can be used for the detection of the weather phenomena such as the change to cloud, rain. Compared with the operating frequency that existing pulse wind profile radar adopts L-band, the present invention adopts S-band from target reflection characteristic, is more suitable for 50m and the detection of following low latitude.
B. compared with the existing pulse wind profile radar of L-band, S-band, frequency is higher, and wavelength is shorter, and antenna size is less, low latitude about 10m and more than, meet antenna far field condition, it is possible to meet low latitude focusing requirement. Although existing FMCW meteorologic radar is S-band, but its antenna size is relatively big, at low latitude below 50m, does not meet antenna far field condition, does not meet low latitude focusing requirement, is cause one of low latitude below 50m reason detecting blind area.
C. compared with existing FMCW meteorologic radar, the antenna size of the S-band of the present invention is less, and sky distance between centers of tracks is little, can meet low latitude detection transmitting-receiving wave beam coincidence requirement.
D. compared with existing FMCW meteorologic radar, the antenna size of S-band is less, is also beneficial to load car or shelter installation, and low cost of manufacture, has practicality.
3. full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar working system mutually
The present invention adopts full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave working system mutually, compared with existing pulse wind profile radar, the benefit that working system brings is mainly, high resolution range power requirement can be met better, and high-average power and low sidelobe requirement under high resolution condition, can effectively reduce minimum detection height.
Launch wideband correlation and achieve very high resolution, thus the echo of 0 height land clutter and low latitude 10m height is effectively distinguished out, the invariably impact of clutter. While realizing very high resolution, maintain high duty ratio, ensure that low latitude detects the detection power also needed. Because the detection of very high resolution, the volume of atmosphere target range unit is also very little, and echoed signal is very weak, it is necessary to have enough dutycycles, to ensure the mean power that radar detection needs. The full analysis secondary lobe joined linear frequency modulation continuous wave distance by radar secondary lobe mutually and depend on Range resolution FFT, it is possible to better solved the problem of distance side lobe by weighting etc. Continuous wave radar does not have transmit-receive switch, there is not the problem that transmit-receive switch limits minimum detectable range switching time, can effectively reduce minimum detection height.
4. phased array wind profile radar working system
Adopt wind profile radar working system, adopt phased array antenna, carry out the detection of 5 wave beams. The detection mechanism of 5 detection wave beams is completely the same with existing pulse wind profile radar. Wave beam inclination angle adopts the angle value of existing pulse wind profile radar, and the bandwidth of antenna and 5 wave beams detect and data processing method meets boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications, and detection principle and detection mechanism can not be queried. Existing FMCW meteorologic radar can only carry out the detection of 3 wave beams, and Effect on Detecting is good not as the Effect on Detecting of 5 wave beams. Effect on Detecting refers to that well acquisition rate height and data error are little.
5. receive and dispatch double antenna mode of operation
The present invention does not have transmit-receive switch, while launching signal, it is necessary to receive echoed signal, it is necessary to avoid receiving apparatus saturated, adopts for this reason and launches and receive double antenna technology, it is to increase the isolation of receive-transmit system, meets the requirement of high-isolation. The double antenna of continuous wave radar, compared with the single antenna of pulsed radar, when acceptable manufacturing cost improves, adopts double antenna to be the simple and important means meeting insulated degree requirement.
6. phased array antenna
Phased array antenna, the directivity of antenna is better than parabolic antenna, secondary lobe is low, lobe far away is low, reduces land clutter, also reduces the system noise that land clutter causes, and meets system lower noise requirement. Face of the abandoning antenna directivity of existing FMCW meteorologic radar is poor, lobe height far away.
7. an antenna, receive antenna closely side by side horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, that electrical characteristic size is identical, wave beam points to identical two antennas is closely placed side by side, receive and dispatch two wave beams and separation occurs, the size of design pitch is carried out according to suitable coincidence per-cent, when can meet minimum detection height, wave beam has enough coincidence per-cent. The double antenna form of the present invention is similar to FMCW meteorologic radar, but antenna size of the present invention is little, and spacing is also little, brings useful effect.
9. transmitted wave shape linear frequency modulation continuous wave
Similar with existing FMCW meteorologic radar, it is possible to realize broadband signal, obtain high resolution range ability. Linear frequency modulation continuous wave signal can realize super-resolution power, is that pulse wind profile radar cannot be reached.
10. signal processing
Adopting FFT that the difference frequency signal in the sampling time is carried out spectral decomposition, separate the echoed signal from different distance place target, the method extracting range unit signal is identical with existing FMCW meteorologic radar, it is possible to obtain high resolution range power. Carrying out speed FFT signal analysis, namely first low-pass filtering, removes nearly direct current land clutter, speed FFT signal analysis between the cycle of doing, and similar with existing pulse wind profile radar, technology maturation, see " boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications ".
11. data processing
The wind modal data of each range unit signal of each wave beam carried out smoothly, wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculate, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation, finally export Low level wind profile data product. Data processing method also with wind profile radar all fours, adopt the data processing method of existing pulse wind profile radar, technology maturation, see " boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications ".
The method of the present invention and the useful effect of device also have:
1. the scope of operating frequency 2700MHz to 3100MHz is the work frequency range of meteorologic radar, it is easy to obtain the approval of the wireless council. The scan width of more than linear frequency modulation continuous wave 15MHz, can ensure that resolution in range is better than 10m, can meet the very high resolution requirement of low latitude of the present invention detection, meets the requirement to resolving power when minimum detection is highly low arrives 10m.
2. phased array antenna, send out antenna 2, receive antenna 3, electrical characteristic size is identical, electrical characteristic size is less than or equal to 1m, can ensure that the focusing of 10m distance meets the focusing requirement of described low latitude of the present invention detection, can ensure that double antenna is when suitable spacing, meet minor increment when wave beam coincidence reaches certain percentage, it is possible to meet the needs of described low latitude of the present invention detection.
3. phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and each antenna includes some antenna unit, and antenna cell layout is shape weighting, and shape weighting further improves the directivity of antenna.
4. two antennas 2,3 placed side by side, the radome that each antenna array is installed adopts microwave photon Meta Materials to make, and further improves the directivity of antenna, better meets the directivity requirement of low latitude detection.
5. phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, each installation radome, and loudspeaker are respectively installed and enclose limit 23,33, reduce the lobe far away of antenna, better meet the directivity requirement of antenna, and also improve isolation, meet the requirement of high-isolation better.
6. phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and each installation radome, and the outside at two antennas, install a fence and enclose limit 8, reduce the lobe far away of antenna, better meet the directivity requirement of antenna.
7. phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, each installation radome, and loudspeaker are respectively installed and enclose limit 23,33, and further in the outside of two antennas, a fence is installed and encloses limit 8, reduce further the lobe far away of antenna, better meet the directivity requirement of antenna.
8. an antenna 2 and receipts antenna 3, actinal surface is towards sky, but allows to send out antenna (2) and receive antenna (3) horizontal positioned have certain angle, when shelter or load car mode use, it is not necessary to complete horizontal positioned, brings convenience to use.
The useful effect of the device of the present invention also has:
1. receiving apparatus 4 described in and signal processing and monitor 5 also integrated installation in the inside receiving antenna 3, this kind of structure scheme, it is to increase the integrated level of radar system, the small product size of formation is less, it is more convenient to install, and has bigger practical value. Existing pulse wind profile radar and existing FMCW meteorologic radar, receiving apparatus and signal processing and monitor be not all on antenna.
2. in said apparatus illustrates, antenna array comprises 2 mutually perpendicular linear arrays, it is achieved that 5 wave beam detections of wind profile radar.
The present invention is directed to air Wind outline Detection Techniques aspect existing 4 kinds of the radar exploration technique in the past, Wind outline acoustic radar, LDV technique, wind profile radar, FMCW meteorologic radar, propose a kind of radar detection method and the device that obtain Low level wind profile, for overcoming the respective deficiency of these 4 kinds of the radar exploration technique existing in the past. Being that one is complete with the immediate existing pulse wind profile radar of the present invention joins phased array antenna pulse Doppler wind profile radar mutually, being that one is complete with the immediate existing FMCW meteorologic radar of the present invention joins linear frequency modulation continuous wave meteorologic radar mutually, the present invention is in order to realize the object obtaining Low level wind profile, existing pulse wind profile radar technical scheme and existing FMCW meteorologic radar technical scheme are merged, forms new technical scheme.
The new technical scheme that the present invention proposes, consider low latitude and detect the technical issues that need to address faced, it it is the technical scheme for low latitude detection design, need to meet better: the requirement of high-average power low sidelobe, high-isolation requirement under the requirement of low latitude focusing, antenna directivity requirement, the requirement of system lower noise, very high resolution requirement, high resolution condition, could realize the scope that minimum detection highly can reach 50m-10m.
Continuous wave radar technology is applied to the detection of Wind outline low latitude, is wind profile radar and continuous wave radar being had on the deep basis understood and recognize, by selecting suitable wave band frequency, it is to increase the various aspects of performance such as antenna, just can realize. Existing wind profile radar adopts full ginseng pulsed radar technology mutually, has had for many years successfully engineering experience, but low latitude detectivity is not enough, can not meet the needs of some users. Existing continuous wave meteorologic radar adopts double antenna and linear frequency modulated waveform, it is possible to for aerological sounding, but still do not possess good low latitude detectivity. In order to meet the demand of low latitude detection, the method that the present invention provides and device, be on the basis of existing pulse wind profile radar and existing FMCW meteorologic radar, through deeply and creative thinking, it is proposed to enforceable technical scheme. The salient features of technical solution of the present invention is verified on principle prototype.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is double antenna 5 wave beam detection schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 a is the overlapping part schematic diagram of transmitting-receiving wave beam;
Fig. 2 b is that target thickness is less, the object delineation of high resolving power range unit;
Fig. 2 c is that target thickness is relatively big, the object delineation of low resolution range unit;
Fig. 3 is zigzag wave frequency sweep mode of operation schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is swept frequency waveform and a range unit echoed signal digital output frequency waveform diagram;
Fig. 5 is the echoed signal numeral output waveform schematic diagram of several low latitudes range units;
Fig. 6 sends out antenna or receives antenna element arrangement schematic top plan view;
Fig. 7 is the schematic top plan view sent out antenna and receive the linear array arranged vertically of antenna array;
The loudspeaker that Fig. 8 is antenna enclose limit installation situation schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is that the loudspeaker of antenna enclose limit, fence encloses limit installation situation schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is the installation situation schematic diagram of antenna on shelter;
Figure 11 is that antenna and fence enclose the installation situation schematic diagram of limit on shelter
Figure 12 is that antenna and loudspeaker enclose limit, fence encloses the installation situation schematic diagram of limit on load car;
Figure 13 is a system chart of described a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile;
Figure 14 is another system chart of described a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile.
In accompanying drawing, parts or meaning representated by each label are listed as follows:
1, emitter, 2, send out antenna, 3, receive antenna, 4, receiving apparatus, 5, signal processing and monitor, 6, communication and data processing terminal, 7, power supply, 8, fence enclose limit, 9 shelters, 10, load car;
21, send out antenna array, 22, send out feed phase shift network, 23, send out antenna loudspeaker enclose limit, 31, receive antenna array, 32 tuners and receive phase shift feed network, 33, receive antenna loudspeaker enclose limit;
101, target overlap, 102, the target of high resolution range unit, 103, the target of low resolution distance unit, 104, the frequency sweep signal launched, 105, the echoed signal of multiple range unit, 106, the echoed signal of a range unit, 107, the echoed signal waveform of a range unit that exports of receiving apparatus, 108, the echo waveform of 10m range unit.
201, the connection sending out feed phase shift network and send out antenna array, 202, feed phase shift network is connected emitter with sending out, 203, the connection of signal processing and monitor and an antenna (sending out feed phase shift network), 204, the connection of signal processing and monitor and emitter, 205, the connection of signal processing and monitor and receipts antenna (tuner and receipts phase shift feed network), 206, the connection of receiving apparatus and emitter, 207, receive antenna array and the connection of tuner and receipts phase shift feed network, 208, the connection of tuner and receipts phase shift feed network and receiving apparatus, 209, the connection of receiving apparatus and signal processing and monitor, 210, the connection of signal processing and monitor and receiving apparatus, 211, the connection of signal processing and monitor and communication and data processing terminal.
Fig. 1 is double antenna 5 wave beam detection schematic diagram, and the present invention carries out the detection of 5 wave beams with 4 oblique wave bundle vertical with (top) wave beams, antenna 2 with receive antenna 3 horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, wave beam sensing identical. Sending out antenna 2 and receiving antenna 3 is dull and stereotyped phased array antenna.
Fig. 2 a-2c is the overlap of transmitting-receiving wave beam and the object delineation of high low resolution.
Fig. 2 a illustrates the overlap of transmitting-receiving wave beam. Two antenna close proximity but be not close together. More than certain height (such as 10m), two antennas focus on all, and wave beam has coincidence district 101 (such as more than the 30% of wave beam sectional area), the wave beam of control two antenna array is oriented to same direction, and the echoed signal of atmosphere target reflection can return to receiving antenna place. More than certain height, wave beam overlaps substantially, and the impact of the distance between double antenna very little can ignoring is not remembered.
Fig. 2 b illustrates the target 102 of very high resolution range unit, and target thickness is smaller. For same height, such as 10m height, in the echoed signal of the probe unit of this minimum altitude of 10m, the echoed signal of very high resolution range unit can comprise the ground noise signal near less zero distance.
Fig. 2 c illustrates the target 103 of low resolution range unit, and target thickness is bigger. For same height, such as 10m height, in the echoed signal of the probe unit of this minimum altitude of 10m, the echoed signal of low resolution range unit can comprise the ground noise signal near more zero distances. General minimum detection is highly low to requiring during 10m that resolution in range is better than 10m.
Fig. 3 is zigzag wave frequency sweep mode of operation schematic diagram. Figure illustrates the echoed signal 105 of multiple range unit. The echoed signal of different distance has different time delays, so echoed signal 105 represents with one piece of shade face in figure. Principle of work according to FM continuous wave radar, the spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave 104 of transmitting, effective scan width, at more than 15MHz, can ensure that resolution in range is better than 10m. Effective scan width mentioned here refers to the scan width within sampling time T, and this scan width determines resolution in range. The scan width T2 of actual transmit signal, is greater than the effective scan width of T. The T1 time represents the time delay that range determines, it is necessary to an enough big T1, to ensure detection elevation carrection scope. This period of Tp represents the radar repeat cycle. The T3 time represents the spination chirped flyback time. In figure, sampling blind area is this period of T3+T1.
Fig. 4 is the frequency variation diagram in time of Linear chirp and certain range unit echoed signal. Figure more clearly represents the principle of work of FM continuous wave radar. The frequency modulation signal of frequency sweep is zigzag wave signal, and the part above sweeping (frequency rising) is frequency sweep signal, under sweep (frequency reduction) part for flyback signal. Echoed signal 106 represents the echoed signal of certain range unit. Figure illustrates radar repeat cycle Tp. In figure, time delay represents the time delay that range determines. In figure, echoed signal 107 represents the change of frequency figure of the difference frequency signal after the past tiltedly processes of the same range unit corresponding with echoed signal 106. This difference frequency signal, is through the change of frequency figure of the difference frequency numerary signal exported after oblique down coversion and signal processing numeral down coversion are gone in receiving apparatus simulation.
Fig. 5 is the echoed signal numeral output waveform schematic diagram given an example and represent several, low latitude range unit. In figure, the principle of work of FM continuous wave radar is described further. Only depict the time domain waveform of the echoed signal of 4 range units. In figure, illustrating the frequency that different distances is corresponding different, the echoed signal frequency at each range unit center is orthogonal within the sampling time. Each range unit signal can be extracted with FFT spectrum analysis. In figure, echoed signal 108 represents the echo time domain waveform of the range unit of 10m height.
Fig. 6 is antenna unit spread geometry weighting schematic diagram. In figure, dash area represents antenna unit, and corner shadow-free part represents without antenna unit, and array antenna shape is circular being similar to. When being decomposed into row linear array or line battle array, the length of the linear array on both sides is short, and middle length is long. Representing in figure, the length of the linear array on both sides is the length of 4 antenna unit, and the length of middle linear array is the length of 12 antenna unit, defines day shape weighting in beta radiation battle array face.
Fig. 7 is that array antenna is decomposed into row linear array and the schematic diagram of line battle array. In figure, four limit marks have 4 limits all around, and direction, left and right is transverse axis direction, and front and back are to being longitudinal axis direction, and this figure can be regarded as a top view seen from the bottom up. X linear array represents the linear array in direction, transverse axis left and right, antenna unit power divider in each X linear array carries out same-phase same polarization feed, different X linear array power dividers and phase shifter are carried out not same-phase same polarization feed, forms the wave beam of scanning certain angle. X linear array formed scanning wave beam be in longitudinal axis front and back to scanning wave beam. Similar, Y linear array represent longitudinal axis front and back to linear array, antenna unit power divider in each Y linear array carries out same-phase same polarization feed, and different Y linear array power dividers and phase shifter are carried out not same-phase same polarization feed, forms the wave beam of scanning certain angle. The scanning wave beam that Y linear array is formed is the scanning wave beam in direction, transverse axis left and right.
Fig. 8 has the schematic diagram that loudspeaker enclose the antenna on limit. In figure, the loudspeaker depict and send out antenna 2, received antenna 3 and an antenna 2 enclose limit 23, the loudspeaker of receipts antenna 3 enclose limit 33. It is support below antenna, when installing on ground, needs this kind of support. In figure, show also two antennas has a spacing determined. Loudspeaker enclose limit at Kuan Kouchu, it does not have suffer (leaning on) together, maintain certain distance. The loudspeaker of phased array antenna enclose the index request that limit and suitable antenna array and hydraucone spacing further increase double-antenna isolation. Fig. 8 is also a kind of schematic diagram fixedly mounting radar scanner on ground.
Fig. 9 has installed fence to enclose limit 8 and loudspeaker enclose limit schematic diagram. On the basis of Fig. 8, add a fence and enclose limit 8. Fence encloses limit 8 and reduces antenna lobe far away, it is to increase low latitude detectivity, the particularly detectivity of near-earth surface layer.
Figure 10 is astronomical cycle schematic diagram on shelter of radar set. This is the installation mode of a kind of packaged type equipment, it is possible to standard big lorry, shelter is transported to predetermined detection place, reduces the requirement of the place specification that detection is on-the-spot. In figure, the distance on the installation of antenna array and top, cabin is less, but still needs to maintain a certain distance, and avoids the deterioration of isolation index.
Figure 11 is mounted on shelter and installs a fence and enclose limit schematic diagram. On the basis of Figure 10, add a fence and enclose limit 8. Fence encloses limit 8 and reduces antenna lobe far away, it is to increase low latitude detectivity, the particularly detectivity of near-earth surface layer.
The schematic diagram that Figure 12 is mounted on a load car 10. On the basis of Fig. 9, by astronomical cycle on a load car. This kind installs mode, it is necessary to a medium truck. This kind of radar can be called that vehicular or motor driven low latitude continuous wave are surveyed wind and thunder and reached.
Figure 13 is the system chart of a radar detection apparatus. Use 2 antennas, send out antenna 2 and receive antenna 3. In Figure 13, it does not have draw power supply to each integral part for electric connection line, show only one of the integral part that power supply is whole device.
Figure 14 is the system chart of another radar detection apparatus. On the basis of Figure 13, receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor are also integrated in receipts inner antenna, it is to increase the integrated level that radar equipment manufactures.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention optimal way be described in detail, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of radar detection method of Low level wind profile and the embodiment of device and specific embodiment of obtaining of the present invention is:
1. adopting microwave radar detection, adopt the operating frequency of S-band, the operating frequency of S-band can be 2700MHz-3100MHz, and the scan width of linear frequency modulation continuous wave is at more than 15MHz.
Specific embodiment: operating frequency adopts 2945MHz, and this operating frequency refers to the mid-frequency of FMCW frequency sweep scope, the scan width launching signal is 40MHz, and effective scan width is 30MHz.
Fig. 3 is zigzag wave frequency sweep mode of operation schematic diagram. Referring to Fig. 3, effective scan width refers to the scan width within sampling time T, and this scan width determines resolution in range. The scan width T2 of actual transmit signal, is greater than the effective scan width of T. The T1 time represents the time delay that range determines, it is necessary to an enough big T1, to ensure detection elevation carrection scope.
Fig. 2 b illustrates the target 102 of very high resolution range unit, target thickness is smaller, for same height, such as 10m height, in the echoed signal of the probe unit of this minimum height of 10m, the echoed signal of very high resolution range unit can comprise the ground noise signal near less zero distance. Therefore the detection of low latitude below 50m needs to meet high resolving power requirement better. It is 5m if effective scan width is the radar radial distance resolving power that 30MHz specific embodiment is corresponding, it is possible to meet high resolving power requirement.
2. adopt full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar working system mutually.
Specific embodiment: antenna adopts double antenna, waveform adopts spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave waveform, and local oscillation signal is joined mutually with transmitting signal, and between the radar cycle, local oscillation signal is joined all mutually with transmitting signal. Doppler message can be processed between the radar cycle. Adopt full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar working system mutually, it is obtain high resolving power, reduces the basis of short-distance blind section.
3. adopting phased array wind profile radar working system, wave beam control adopts 5 beam scannings, carries out the detection of atmospheric boundary layer Low level wind profile.
4 deviate from the oblique wave bundle of above-mentioned vertical direction, and deviation angle is 10 �� to 20 ��, and typical case's value is about 15 ��.
Specific embodiment: adopt phased array antenna to carry out 5 beam scanning detections, bandwidth 9 ��, 14.8 ��, oblique wave bundle inclination angle, meet the design specifications requirement of wind profile radar.
4. antenna adopts transmitting-receiving double antenna mode of operation, adopts phased array antenna, send out antenna (2), receive antenna (3) closely side by side horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, electrical characteristic size is identical, wave beam points to identical. Phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and electrical characteristic size is less than or equal to 1m.
Fig. 1 illustrates the double antenna of continuous wave radar and 5 wave beam detections of phased array wind profile radar, the situation that 5 wave beam phased array antenna of the double antenna form and wind profile radar that illustrate continuous wave radar combine. Figure illustrates 4 oblique wave bundle vertical with (top) wave beams, send out antenna 2 and receive antenna 3 horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, wave beam sensing identical. Sending out antenna 2 and receiving antenna 3 is dull and stereotyped phased array antenna.
Fig. 2 a illustrates the overlap of transmitting-receiving wave beam. Two antenna close proximity but be not close together. At certain height (such as more than 10m, two antennas focus on all, and wave beam has coincidence district 101 (such as more than the 30% of wave beam sectional area), the wave beam of control two antenna array is oriented to same direction, and the echoed signal of atmosphere target reflection can return to receiving antenna place. More than certain height, wave beam overlaps substantially, and the impact of the distance between double antenna very little can ignoring is not remembered.
Design about antenna size: large-size antennae, the minor increment of sky line focus is also big. The electrical characteristic size of below 1m, can ensure that the focusing of 10m distance meets the focusing requirement of described low latitude of the present invention detection. Meanwhile, large-size antennae, the spacing of double antenna is inevitable also big, limits wave beam coincidence minor increment. The electrical characteristic size of below 1m, can ensure that double antenna is when suitable spacing, meets minor increment when wave beam coincidence reaches certain percentage, it is possible to meet the needs of described low latitude of the present invention detection. According to this work frequency range of 2700MHz to 3100MHz in S-band, according to the requirement of " boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications ", to motor driven, packaged type equipment requirements gain of antenna be 24dB and more than. The electrical characteristics of a antenna size meeting this condition is between 0.7m to 0.9m. Therefore, the minimum value of electrical characteristics of a antenna size, has been designed specification and has been limited. Gain of antenna is 24dB and above is not only the detection power considering radar, also bandwidth being proposed requirement, bandwidth, below 9 ��, meets this two requirements simultaneously, the spatial sampling of atmosphere target is believed to meet target identity and assumes by radar beam, meets design specifications.
Specific embodiment: electrical characteristics of a antenna size 0.8m. Double antenna spacing 1.4m, namely send out antenna and receive antenna Zhen Mian center between distance be 1.4m.
5. an antenna 2, receive antenna 3, each antenna includes some antenna unit, antenna cell layout adopt shape weighting.
Shape weighting designs: the antenna array 21,31 sending out antenna 2 and receipts antenna 3 is decomposed into row linear array and line battle array. In order to improve the directivity of antenna, carry out the amplitude weighting of linear array with power divider. The length of the multiple linear arrays in two antennas described here in addition, row linear array and line battle array is not all equal, and substantially distributed is, linear array length on limit is short, middle length is long, and the shape weighting of antenna cell layout of this kind of design forming, see Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. Shape weighting further improves the directivity of antenna.
Fig. 6 is antenna unit spread geometry weighting schematic diagram. In figure, dash area represents antenna unit, and corner shadow-free part represents without antenna unit, and array antenna shape is circular being similar to. When being decomposed into row linear array or line battle array, the length of the linear array on both sides is short, and middle length is long. Representing in figure, the length of the linear array on both sides is the length of 4 antenna unit, and the length of middle linear array is the length of 12 antenna unit, defines day shape weighting in beta radiation battle array face.
Specific embodiment: the shape weighting in beta radiation battle array face, sky, the flat unit of 12 �� 12, removes on 4 jiaos totally 36 unit, most short-term battle array 4 unit compositions, and most long-line array 12 unit compositions, are shown in Fig. 6.
6. receive the radome that antenna (2), an antenna (3) are installed employing microwave photon Meta Materials separately and made. Phased array antenna, sends out antenna 2, receives antenna 3, and each installation loudspeaker enclose limit 23,33. Send out antenna 2, receive antenna 3, in the outside of two antennas, a fence is installed and encloses limit 8.
Microwave photon metamaterial antenna cover: antenna more than lobe 15dB far away can be reduced. Microwave photon Meta Materials can realize electromagnetism wave modulation as a kind of artificial composite material. It is have different frequency response characteristics based on different material structures that secondary lobe technology falls in microwave photon Meta Materials, and the hertzian wave of different angles incidence is also had different electromagnetic responses. The utilization that secondary lobe technology falls in microwave photon Meta Materials further improves the directivity of antenna, better meets the directivity requirement of low latitude detection.
Fig. 8 has the schematic diagram that loudspeaker enclose the antenna on limit. In figure, the loudspeaker depict and send out antenna 2, received antenna 3 and an antenna 2 enclose limit 23, the loudspeaker of receipts antenna 3 enclose limit 33. It is support below antenna, when installing on ground, needs this kind of support. In figure, show also two antennas has a spacing determined. Loudspeaker enclose limit at Kuan Kouchu, it does not have suffer (leaning on) together, maintain certain distance.
Fig. 9 has installed fence to enclose limit 8 and loudspeaker enclose limit schematic diagram. On the basis of Fig. 8, add a fence and enclose limit 8.
Combine the measure adopting multiple reduction lobe far away:
Phased array antenna, the directivity of phased array antenna is better than parabolic antenna. Shape weighting, installs metamaterial antenna cover, and that installs horn shape encloses limit 23,33, in the outside of two antenna array, install one and big enclose limit 8, these measures, all further improve the directivity of phased array antenna, decrease land clutter, better meet directivity requirement. Land clutter decreases the system noise that land clutter causes, better meets the requirement of system lower noise while reducing. The antenna that the present invention provides reduces several measures of lobe far away, it is possible to use alone can also conbined usage, result of use is joined together in multiple measure can be better.
Can the radar detection method of the present invention and device can reach the detection of the height of below 50m, reach the minimum altitude of 20m to 10m, and the measure reducing lobe far away is very crucial. So-called multiple measure joins together result of use better, refers to measure a kind of compared to use, and low latitude detection can reach the height of the lower detection in 50m to 10m scope. Certain multiple method conjunctive use, as loudspeaker enclose limit, fence encloses limit, microwave photon metamaterial antenna cover conjunctive use, it is possible to reach 10m minimum detection height. Except detection performance aspect, low latitude slightly difference, different antennas reduces the difference that lobe measure far away has production cost. Consider the factors such as above-mentioned low latitude performance requriements, installation mode, production cost, it may be considered that some suitable collocation.
Fixed installation: a receipts antenna 2,3 can be adopted all to install loudspeaker and enclose limit 23,33, enclosing the form on limit 8 at installation fence, see Fig. 9, minimum detection height can reach 20m, when using microwave photon metamaterial antenna cover, minimum detection height can reach 10m.
Square cabinet type is installed: Figure 10 is the embodiment representing that square cabinet type is installed, and two astronomical cycle are at shelter top, it may also be useful to microwave photon metamaterial antenna cover, and minimum detection height can reach 40m. Figure 11 is also the embodiment representing that square cabinet type is installed, two astronomical cycle at shelter top, after shelter 9 is transported to scene, a fence is installed and encloses limit, not installing loudspeaker and enclose limit, it may also be useful to microwave photon metamaterial antenna cover, minimum detection height can reach 20m.
The minimum detection height 50m to 10m that the detection method of the present invention and device can measure, refers to a numerical range of " minimum detection height " technical indicator of equipment. For the detection of air Low level wind profile, the detection in actual each concrete time, specifically place, its actual minimum detection height is relevant with detection place and environment with weather condition. When weather condition and detection place and environment are unfavorable for the detection of altitude wind field, be also exactly land clutter big time, actual minimum detection highly can become big. Such as strong wind weather condition, the weather condition of a kind of exactly detection being unfavorable for Low level wind profile. Although actual minimum detection height exists difference in actual detection, but according to certain evaluation rule, it may be determined that " minimum detection height " this technical indicator of equipment.
Generally " minimum detection highly " technical indicator is highly thought in " minimum " detection more than 60% of data acquisition rate. Acquisition rate is the per-cent that the quantity (meeting the data of error requirements) of effective data accounts for the quantity of total data. The assessment of acquisition rate obtains assessment result by carrying out contrast with other existing device under typical application space enrironment. The assessment of acquisition rate also needs under various typical meteorological conditions and Various Seasonal carries out.
This specification sheets is not when adding restriction, and said minimum detection highly refers to the minimum detection height in the technical indicator that this kind of low latitude continuous wave Wind outline survey wind and thunder that enforcement invention causes reaches, between 50m to 10m.
Specific embodiment: electrical characteristics of a antenna size 0.8m. Double antenna spacing 1.4m time, sending out antenna and receiving the height that the loudspeaker of antenna enclose limit is 400mm, and loudspeaker enclose the narrow mouth in limit and align with antenna array edge, and the Kuan Kou edge spacing that two loudspeaker enclose limit is 200mm. It is 4m �� 2m �� 1m that fence encloses bottom, limit rectangular parallelepiped frame size, and loudspeaker part height 1m, wide mouth is 5m �� 3m.
7. antenna array comprises 2 mutually perpendicular linear arrays.
Phased array antenna feed phase shift network designs:
It is made up of antenna array and feed phase shift network. Antenna array is made up of multiple antenna unit (radiating element) arranged according to certain rules. Feed phase shift network is distributed by signal power or summing network and phase shifter are formed. Phase shifter is for changing the phase relationship of signal between antenna unit. Between antenna unit, the amplitude relation of signal is then realized by power division or summing network. Control the control of computer at wave beam under, change the phase place between antenna unit and the relation between amplitude with feed phase shift network, just obtain required antenna pattern characteristic, change the sensing of beam of an antenna and the shape of beam of an antenna fast.
One dimension beam scanning control design case:
Antenna cell distribution is called Planar Phased Array Antenna (dull and stereotyped phased array antenna) in a plane. The beam of an antenna of Planar Phased Array Antenna is on two orthogonal dimension directions, and front and back and left and right all can carry out phased scanning. Planar Phased Array Antenna is decomposed according to line battle array or row linear array. When being decomposed into multiple row linear array, each row linear array is as a submatrix. When being decomposed into multiple line battle array, each line battle array is as a submatrix. The implication of submatrix is exactly, and the antenna unit in submatrix carries out equiphase power division by a unequal power divider. Each row linear array or each line battle array phase shifter are carried out phase control, it is possible to form a dimension beam scanning.
Two-dimensional beam scan control designs:
Antenna unit can adopt orthogonal polarization unit. Each antenna unit has two polarization interfaces. With the same polarization interface of all antenna unit, form an antenna array. The interface of two direction of polarization can form two antenna array. One of them gust of face is decomposed into row linear array, and another interface is decomposed into line battle array. The phased array antenna of radar, it is possible to adopt planar array, polarisation unit, adopts the form that row linear array is decomposed and line battle array is decomposed. Two linear arrays can form two-dimensional beam scanning.
Design about wave beam control:
In apparatus of the present invention, in order to the wave beam control mode according to wind profile radar works, it is achieved 5 wave beam detections of wind profile radar, antenna array comprises 2 mutually perpendicular linear arrays. Send out antenna array 21 and receive antenna array 31, all have two vertical linear arrays. Sending out antenna array 21 and have vertical linear array 21X and 21Y, receiving antenna array 31 has vertical linear array 31X and 31Y, sees Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 is that array antenna is decomposed into row linear array and the schematic diagram of line battle array. In figure, four limit marks have 4 limits all around, and direction, left and right is transverse axis direction, and front and back are to being longitudinal axis direction, and this figure can be regarded as a top view seen from the bottom up. X linear array represents the linear array in direction, transverse axis left and right, antenna unit power divider in each X linear array carries out same-phase same polarization feed, different X linear array power dividers and phase shifter are carried out not same-phase same polarization feed, forms the wave beam of scanning certain angle. X linear array formed scanning wave beam be in longitudinal axis front and back to scanning wave beam. Similar, Y linear array represent longitudinal axis front and back to linear array, antenna unit power divider in each Y linear array carries out same-phase same polarization feed, and different Y linear array power dividers and phase shifter are carried out not same-phase same polarization feed, forms the wave beam of scanning certain angle. The scanning wave beam that Y linear array is formed is the scanning wave beam in direction, transverse axis left and right.
Receive and dispatch two vertical scanning linear array time-sharing works, have the switch in phase shift ripple control network to switch. Each scanning linear array produce 3 wave beams, during antenna array horizontal positioned, two scanning linear arrays can form 6 wave beams altogether, wherein 2 top wave beam can optional one for 5 wave beams detection, all the other 4 oblique wave bundles all for 5 wave beams detection. The deviation angle of these 4 oblique wave bundles is also all identical. 5 detection wave beams, one of them is perpendicular to the top wave beam of antenna array.
Specific embodiment: each antenna unit has 2 orthogonal polarization feedback points, and 108 antenna unit form the linear array of 2 orthogonal polarizations, X linear array and Y linear array, by No. 12 phase shifter control linear array phase places, forms the scanning of 5 detection wave beams.
8. transmitted wave shape adopts linear frequency modulation continuous wave, with emitter 1 output linearity Continuous Wave with frequency modulation power signal. Air echoed signal is received with receipts antenna 3, receiving apparatus 4.
The present invention is used for low latitude detection, it does not have emphasize maximum probe height, and usual radar, to the detectivity of closely target, also can meet the needs of low latitude closely target when emitter power can meet the needs of maximum probe height.
Specific embodiment, the linear frequency modulation continuous wave power signal that emitter 1 exports is 100W, and maximum probe height technical indicator is 600m.
9. adopt signal processing and monitor 5 that the echo signal of intermediate frequency that receiving apparatus exports carries out data gathering, numeral down coversion, digital filtering, adopt the analysis of weighting FFT spectrum, noise filter to extract range unit signal and wind modal data thereof.
The concrete grammar of signal processing-range unit signal extraction:
The echo signal of intermediate frequency that receiving apparatus 4 exports is carried out synchronous data collection according to the radar cycle by signal processing device and monitor 5, carries out numeral down coversion, and digital filtering, carries out range unit weighting FFT signal analysis, exports the data of range unit signal.
The concrete grammar of signal processing-speed FFT signal analysis:
Owing to Doppler frequency is lower, it is possible to carry out speed weighting FFT signal analysis between the radar cycle. Obtaining after multicycle data, to the data of same range unit signal, filtering is tested the speed the Doppler frequency signal beyond scope, and to zero frequently near land clutter carry out filtering, carrying out speed FFT signal analysis, obtaining range unit frequency spectrum or power spectrum data. Namely first low-pass filtering, removes nearly direct current land clutter, speed FFT signal analysis between the cycle of doing, and obtains frequency spectrum or power spectrum, similar with existing pulse wind profile radar, see " boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications ".
10. adopt communication and the wind modal data of each range unit signal of each wave beam is carried out smoothly by data processing terminal 6, wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculate, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation, finally output Low level wind profile data product.
Data processing concrete grammar:
Communication and the wind modal data of each range unit signal of each wave beam is carried out smoothly by data processing terminal 6, wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculate, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation, finally output Low level wind profile data product. The wind modal data of each range unit detection of each wave beam obtained, carries out level and smooth and wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculating, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation. Uniform averaging is exactly in for some time window, the radial velocity of each range unit of each wave beam is carried out uniform averaging process and quality control, according to certain rule, reject interference value, obtain the radial velocity uniform averaging value of each range unit of each wave beam, then radial velocity uniform averaging value according to 5 wave beams carries out projection vector calculating, and obtains one group of Wind outline (each range unit wind direction and wind velocity) the data product in this section of time window. The continuous slip of time window, slides every time and supplements some new uniform averaging value detection datas, it is possible to form the many groups Wind outline data product changed in time, it is possible to draw Wind outline figure. These Wind outline data products, including minimum detection height can the low Low level wind profile data product to 50m to 10m. Data processing method also with wind profile radar all fours, adopt the data processing method of existing pulse wind profile radar, see " boundary layer wind-profile radar design specifications ".
11. receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor 5 also integrated installation in the inside receiving antenna 3.
Receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor 5 all adopt miniaturization modular design, it is to increase the integrated level of radar system, the small product size of formation is less. Receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor 5 can be arranged on the inside receiving antenna 3, it is also possible to be arranged on the outside receiving antenna 3.
Specific embodiment, receiving apparatus 4 and signal processing and monitor 5 are installed in the inside receiving antenna 3.
The erection of 12. radar equipments. Radar scanner, sends out antenna and receives the working order that antenna has deviation horizontal plane, it is possible to by measuring the inclination angle of antenna array, calculating is compensated. When shelter or load car mode use, allowing antenna array horizontal positioned to have certain angle, tilt angles can be revised by data processing software. Usually now needing to increase an antenna array obliquity sensor, measure inclination angle, software carries out the coordinate projection conversion of wind arrow amount.
Specific embodiment: shelter or load car are parked on a slope, and inclination angle is 15 ��, and error of tilt is revised by data processing software.
The installation form of 13. equipment adopts fixed installation, square cabinet type to install or load car formula installation.
Fixed installation: radar equipment is installed and used for a long time in certain place, need the installation machine room setting up place platform, ground networks, distribution and data terminal, Fig. 8 illustrates a kind of fixed installation mode, loudspeaker are had to enclose limit, Fig. 9 represents another kind of fixed installation mode, existing loudspeaker enclose limit, have again fence to enclose limit. Square cabinet type install: radar scanner is arranged on shelter top, and part equipment such as emitter 1 also can be arranged near shelter 9 top antenna 2,3, and part equipment is arranged on shelter inside, as power supply 7 with communicate and data processing terminal 6 in shelter 9. Load car formula is installed: can first adopt fixed installation, see Fig. 9, being arranged on by whole device on load car 10, sees Figure 12. Can also first adopt square cabinet type, see Figure 10, shelter 9 is being arranged on load car 10.
Specific embodiment: a kind of fixed installation mode represented by Fig. 9, existing loudspeaker enclose limit, have again fence to enclose limit.
The foregoing is only the better embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (22)

1. one kind obtains the radar detection method of Low level wind profile, it is characterized in that, employing microwave radar detects, adopt the operating frequency of S-band, adopt full ginseng linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar working system mutually, adopting phased array wind profile radar working system, wave beam control adopts 5 beam scannings, carries out the detection of atmospheric boundary layer Low level wind profile; Antenna adopts transmitting-receiving double antenna mode of operation, adopts phased array antenna, send out antenna (2), receive antenna (3) closely side by side horizontal positioned, actinal surface towards sky, electrical characteristic size is identical, wave beam points to identical; Transmitted wave shape adopts linear frequency modulation continuous wave, with emitter (1) output linearity Continuous Wave with frequency modulation power signal, launch linear frequency modulation continuous wave power signal with sending out antenna (2), receive air echoed signal with receipts antenna (3), receiving apparatus (4); Adopt signal processing and monitor (5) that the echo signal of intermediate frequency that receiving apparatus exports carries out data gathering, numeral down coversion, digital filtering, adopt the analysis of weighting FFT spectrum, noise filter to extract range unit signal and wind modal data thereof; Adopt communication and the wind modal data of each range unit signal of each wave beam is carried out smoothly by data processing terminal (6), wind spectrum discrimination, spectrum square calculate, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation, finally output Low level wind profile data product.
2. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the operating frequency of described S-band is 2700MHz to 3100MHz, and described linear frequency modulation continuous wave adopts the scan width of more than 15MHz.
3. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described sends out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), and the electrical characteristic size of employing is less than or equal to 1m.
4. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sends out antenna (2) and receives antenna (3), and each antenna includes some antenna unit, and antenna cell layout adopts shape weighting.
5. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described receipts antenna 3), send out antenna (2) radome adopting microwave photon Meta Materials to make be installed separately.
6. according to claim 1 or a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, described sends out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), installs loudspeaker separately and encloses limit (23,33).
7. according to claim 1 or a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, the described periphery sending out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), installs fence and encloses limit (8).
8. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, the described periphery sending out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), installs fence and encloses limit (8).
9. a kind of radar detection method obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sends out antenna (2) and receives antenna (3) horizontal positioned but have certain angle, adopt antenna array obliquity sensor, measuring inclination angle, tilt angles is revised by data processing software.
10. obtain a radar detection apparatus for Low level wind profile, comprise emitter (1), an antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), receiving apparatus (4), signal processing and monitor (5), communication and data processing terminal (6) and power supply (7) composition; It is characterized in that, the operating frequency of described radar detection apparatus is S-band, and antenna comprises to be sent out antenna (2) and receives antenna (3) two antennas, two antennas are all phased array antenna, closely horizontal positioned side by side, electrical characteristic size is identical, and actinal surface is towards sky; The wave beam that antenna (2) and receipts antenna (3) are sent out in signal processing and monitor (5) control carries out 5 beam scannings, and antenna (3) wave beam points to identical with receiving to send out antenna (2);
Receiving apparatus (4) produces spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave rf excitation signal to emitter (1), emitter (1) is under the effect of actuation signal, export spination linear frequency modulation continuous wave power signal and give an antenna (2), send out antenna (2) emission detection wave beam; Receive antenna (3) reception air echoed signal and give receiving apparatus (4), receiving apparatus (4) carries out amplifying to received signal, down coversion, filtering process, produce echo signal of intermediate frequency, give signal processing and monitor (5);
Echo signal of intermediate frequency is carried out data gathering, numeral down coversion, digital filtering by signal processing and monitor (5), carry out weighting FFT spectrum analysis, clutter filtering suppression, extracting range unit signal and wind modal data thereof, send gives communication and data processing terminal (6);
The wind modal data of the range unit signal of 5 wave beams is carried out smoothly, composes square calculating, uniform averaging and wind Vector operation by communication and data processing terminal (6), finally exports Low level wind profile data product.
11. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, the operating frequency S-band of described radar detection apparatus is 2700MHz to 3100MHz, and described linear frequency modulation continuous wave, scan width is at more than 15MHz.
12. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 10, it is characterised in that, described an antenna (2), the electrical characteristic size of receipts antenna (3) are less than or equal to 1m.
13. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 10, it is characterised in that, described sends out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), the radome that each own microwave photon Meta Materials makes.
14. according to claim 10 or a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described sends out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), is provided with loudspeaker separately and encloses limit (23,33).
15. according to claim 10 or a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 13, it is characterised in that, the described periphery sending out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), is provided with fence and encloses limit (8).
16. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 14, it is characterised in that, the described periphery sending out antenna (2), receipts antenna (3), has fence to enclose limit (8).
17. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described receipts antenna (3) and send out antenna (2) horizontal positioned but have certain angle, there is antenna array obliquity sensor, measuring inclination angle, tilt angles is revised by data processing software.
18. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described antenna (2) of sending out comprises an antenna array (21) and sends out feed phase shift network (22), described receipts antenna (3) comprises to be received antenna array (31) and tuner and receives phase shift feed network (32), described receiving apparatus (4) and signal processing and monitor (5) structurally integrated installation receiving antenna (3) inside.
19. a kind of radar detection apparatus obtaining Low level wind profile according to claim 18, it is characterised in that, send out antenna array (21) and receive antenna array (31), all have two vertical linear arrays.
The 20. a kind of radar detection apparatus according to the arbitrary item of claim 10-13,16-19, it is characterised in that, radar detection apparatus is arranged on a load car (10) or shelter (9).
21. a kind of radar detection apparatus according to claim 14, it is characterised in that, radar detection apparatus is arranged on a load car (10) or shelter (9).
22. a kind of radar detection apparatus according to claim 15, it is characterised in that, radar detection apparatus is arranged on a load car (10) or shelter (9).
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