CN105789821B - A/C detection device and its acquisition methods - Google Patents
A/C detection device and its acquisition methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN105789821B CN105789821B CN201610018540.1A CN201610018540A CN105789821B CN 105789821 B CN105789821 B CN 105789821B CN 201610018540 A CN201610018540 A CN 201610018540A CN 105789821 B CN105789821 B CN 105789821B
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- detection device
- aerial
- supporting leg
- microstrip antenna
- plummer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
Abstract
A/C detection device of the invention and its acquisition methods, comprising: bracket, including plummer and foldable multiple supporting legs；Host and servo turntable are arranged on the plummer；Microstrip antenna is located at the metal layer and is flat dielectric substrate including the metal layer being fixed on the servo turntable, and the antenna element for the multiple arrays being arranged on the dielectric substrate.By the way that bracket is arranged to include foldable and flexible supporting leg, ordinary antennas is substituted for microstrip antenna, the volume and weight of A/C detection device can be effectively reduced, so that being easily installed and easy to carry, man power and material is saved, and detection accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to A/C detection device technical fields, particularly a kind of to minimize and fly to response is installed additional
Row device carries out the A/C detection device and method of detection tracking.
Background technique
With the continuous development and progress of technology, such as the airborne aircrafts such as aircraft are using more and more extensive.How to sky
Middle traffic carries out effectively control or monitoring is the important topic of people's research.The beginning of the sixties International Civil Aviation Organization confirmed it is secondary
Radar is the basic component devices of air traffic control (ATC) system.Successfully developing within 2008 has all solid state secondary of S mode
Surveillance radar.In recent years, secondary radar (SSR) is used as high-precision pulse (time) ranging/direction-finding system, it has also become aerial to hand over
Main supervision equipment in siphunculus system (ATC) system, has been widely used in army's boat, civil aviaton etc..
The operating mode of secondary radar is ground radar to such as target aircraft transmitting radar wave, and target aircraft is with corresponding
Mode carries out response.As secondary radar generally comprises, antenna, signal receives and processing equipment.A kind of secondary radar response simulation
Device comprising power module, display control module, receiver, transmitter.Signal processing module first port, signal processing module
Two-port netwerk is connect with display control module, receiver Single port both-way communication respectively, signal processing module third port respectively with it is secondary
Radar system transmission channel, the connection of secondary radar system receiving channel.In use, secondary radar answer-back simulator receives
The request signal of secondary radar system simultaneously carries out decoding processing, is then replied accordingly secondary radar.Secondary radar connects
The return signal of secondary radar answer-back simulator is received, and is handled.Pass through secondary radar and secondary radar answer-back simulator, pipe
Member processed is known that the parameter such as the number of aircraft, height, direction, and the appearance of secondary radar is the most heavy of air traffic control
Big technology development.Secondary radar can work independently, can also be with primary radar cooperating.
In the use process of secondary radar, antenna converges in electromagnetic energy in narrow beam, when antenna beam axis is aligned
When target, echo-signal is most strong, and when target deviates antenna beam axis, echo-signal weakens, when generally most strong according to reception echo
Antenna beam be directed toward, that is, can determine the direction of target.Therefore, antenna is the important composition component of secondary radar, and is restricted
The important component of secondary radar development.The antenna size of conventional secondary radar is huge, and width is generally in 8-10m, in addition servo turns
The components such as platform, secondary radar weigh upper ton.Therefore, it generally requires using the biggish concreting antenna base of bearing capacity, and
And it needs to be installed by lifting.Alternatively, antenna base connects pilum by four foundation columns, and by reinforcing rib, so that
The heavier-weight of antenna base is not easy to carrying etc..
Therefore, one of those skilled in the art's technical issues that need to address are exactly how to solve existing secondary radar
The larger problem of volume and weight.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of A/C detection device, mitigates A/C by setting microstrip antenna and the simple bracket of structure and visits
The weight for surveying device further increases the purposes of A/C detection device to facilitate carrying or individual soldier to bear.
A kind of A/C detection device of invention, including being equipped with the bracket of plummer and multiple supporting legs, being arranged in the carrying
Servo turntable on platform is connect equipped with A/C mode query device and the host connecting with the plummer and with the servo turntable
Microstrip antenna,
The microstrip antenna includes the metal layer being fixed on the servo turntable, is located at the metal layer and is flat
The dielectric substrate of plate, and the antenna element of multiple arrays being arranged on the dielectric substrate,
Wherein, the weight of the A/C detection device is less than 25kg.
Preferably, the A/C detection device is arranged to the size in the microstrip antenna less than 1000 × 200 × 23mm3
And high-gain, big zero deep and/poor (∑/△) binary channels ability are realized on the basis of weight≤3.5kg.
Preferably, the host is placed on the plummer and is clamped with the plummer, and the host is additionally provided with
1090ESADS-B base station receiver.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate, servo turntable and host are sealing structure.
Preferably, the cabinet of the host is milling structure, and the gap of the cabinet is provided with waterproof layer,
It is further preferable that the outside of the host is provided with camouflage color spray painting.
It preferably, further include the equipment knapsack for using ergonomic designs, harness and the knapsack periphery of the equipment knapsack
There is foam filling.
Preferably, there are three the spaced apart supporting legs for setting on the plummer, wherein under the plummer
Side is equipped with the guiding groove for guiding the first supporting leg mobile towards supporting leg described in other two, three supporting leg settings
It folds or opens at being moved to after other two described supporting leg in first supporting leg, be all made of high-strength carbon fiber
Material.
Preferably, the one end of the dielectric substrate in use close to first supporting leg is provided with buffer layer,
It is further preferable that the bottom of each supporting leg is provided with the fine tuning pipeline section of threaded connection.
Preferably, the antenna element includes 4 rectangular patches of horizontal array, 2 two derived power distributors, 1
Branch line directional coupler, wherein 4 rectangular patches pass through 2 Wilkinson power splitters respectively and branch line orients coupling
Clutch is connected.
Preferably in each rectangular patch includes bottom layer of patches and upper layer patch, and the size of the bottom layer of patches is 127mm
The size of × 127mm, upper layer patch are 7mm smaller than bottom layer of patches, wherein four unit forms is selected mutually to be distributed the width of microstrip antenna
It optimizes and each unit same phase when wave beam, amplitude distribution is taper distribution, antenna element symmetrical two sides when difference beam
180 ° of phase phase difference, the amplitude distribution of microstrip antenna is realized using Wilkinson power divider power-up bridge, realizes each antenna element
Same phase and reverse phase.
Preferably, the branch line directional coupler is four port networks, and 1 port is served as theme to access between 2 ports, 3
Port is served as theme to access between 4 ports, and the line between two main lines is branch line, and the length of main line and branch line is all close
For a quarter operation wavelength.
Preferably, 2 two derived powers distributors are three-port network, and 2 Wilkinson power splitters are in institute
It states and introduces isolation resistance on the basis of two derived power distributors, to there is the three-port network of consumption.
Preferably, the radio signal transmission of the A/C detection device uses coaxial cable, and analog signal transmission is using coaxial
Cable, digital data transmission use shielded cable.
The basis method that the A/C detection device obtains Aerial Targets Information among the above of the invention, which is characterized in that packet
It includes:
Step s1, selection target place set up A/C detection device；
Step s2 levels the microstrip antenna, is horizontally oriented the microstrip antenna；
Step s3, startup power supply and automatic school north mode carry out automatic due north calibration to device；
Step s4 starts A/C tupe, scans for entire airspace, i.e., aerial to day using A, C alternate mode
Aircraft scans for inquiring；If receiving response, the azimuth-range of this aircraft is recorded, signal processing algorithm is passed through
Determine the accurate orientation of aircraft.
Preferably, in step s4, it is based on the microstrip antenna, using the amplitude A of consistency and the Orthogonal Double of phase
Channel reception processing and difference beam slide window processing technology, to realize high-precision Monopulse estimation.
Preferably, in step s4, compatible processing 1090ESADS-B signal is received by ADS-B isotropic receiving antenna
ADS-B signal inhibits through image frequency, mixing, is put in logarithm, the sampling of intermediate frequency high-speed a/d, digital filtering, interference signal filter out, more mesh
Mark processing, information decoding, verification obtain ADS-B infomational message；
The positioning time-code information that GPS/BD positioning time service module is arranged is ADS-B message plus time stamp, then to message into
Row parses and provides location information, destination address, nationality, the state of flight attribute information of aerial target.
Preferably, in step s4, at amplitude difference A △=max (∑-△), then it can determine whether that this target is in the position
It sets, and determines the oblique distance D of aerial target according to following formula,
D=C × (T-3 μ s)/2
Wherein, C is light velocity 300000km/s, and T is the rising edge of the last one pulse of request signal and receives answer signal
Interval time between the rising edge of first pulse, 3 μ s are the fixed delay time of A/C mode answering machine.
Preferably, in step s4, it will test region and be from top to bottom divided into first area and second area, and according to sky
The elevation angle of middle target and oblique distance measure the region locating for it；It is visited when aerial target is in second area and moves closer to the A/C
When surveying device, polar coordinates is converted into rectangular coordinate system, and be based on rectangular coordinate system, the position of aerial target is updated；
According to the position of aerial target, the real-time update period of aerial target is calculated, and saves the update cycle.
Preferably, it in step s4, after decoding, behind the position that aerial target is obtained by code value, detects and fills with A/C
Address in setting carries out exclusive or；When exclusive or value is zero, then code is correct, and code value is exported to asynchronous suppression circuit, if different
Or value is not zero, then carries out correction process, after the completion of correction process, judges whether error correction succeeds, if success, by correct generation
Code output abandons the code to asynchronous suppression circuit if unsuccessful, can more accurately realize tracking and monitoring.
Compared with the existing technology, A/C detection device of the invention includes bracket, servo turntable and microstrip antenna.Passing through will
Bracket is arranged to include foldable and flexible supporting leg, and ordinary antennas is substituted for microstrip antenna, A/C can be effectively reduced
The volume and weight of detection device saves man power and material, but also can pass through A/ so that being easily installed and easy to carry
C mode air contact, detection is accurate, easy to use.Supporting leg can be all made of high intensity carbon fiber material.
In addition, be either made of four microstrip antenna, host, servo turntable, bracket parts, or by microstrip antenna,
Three host (contain servo turntable), bracket part compositions constitute a complete A/C detection device, A/C detection device it is total
Weight is both less than 25 kilograms.
The size of microstrip antenna realizes high increasing less than 1000 × 200 × 23mm3, and on the basis of weight≤3.5kg
Beneficial, big zero deep and/poor (∑/△) binary channels ability, this is the prerequisite of realization high precision angle-measuring.
Servo turntable and host are arranged to integral structure, reduce the line between servo turntable and host to greatest extent
Cable connects quantity and length, improves anti-electromagnetic interference capability, alleviates weight, reduces costs, convenient for moving transport, installation
It sets up and dismantles；And with the features such as good airproof performance, waterproof is anti-dust, significantly enhance reliability and service life.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and refering to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of empty A/C detection device of the invention,
Fig. 2 is the first structural schematic diagram of antenna element of the invention,
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram when present invention is equipped with mutiple antennas unit,
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of power splitter of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of branch line directional coupler of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of servo motor and host of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of plummer of the invention；
Fig. 8 is Aerial Targets Information acquisition device axonometric drawing of the invention.
Wherein, bracket -1, servo turntable -2,
Microstrip antenna -3, host -4,
Plummer -11, first supporting leg of supporting leg -12 121.
Specific embodiment
A/C detection device of the invention and method are further described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As shown in Fig. 1~8, A/C detection device of the invention includes bracket 1, servo turntable 2 and microstrip antenna 3.Bracket 1
Multiple supporting legs 12 below plummer 11 are connected and supported including plummer 11 and with plummer 11.In setting supporting leg 12
When, supporting leg 12 is arranged towards outside inclination, to improve stability when support.It is provided in the lower section of plummer 11 recessed
Slot, supporting leg 12 are arranged to side that is flexible and being folded in plummer 11, can preferably be folded in plummer 11
Groove in.Servo turntable 2 is fixed on the top of plummer 11.Microstrip antenna 3 includes the metal layer connecting with servo turntable 2,
Positioned at metal layer and at flat dielectric substrate, and the multiple antennas at array format being arranged on dielectric substrate
Unit 31.By the way that bracket 1 to be arranged to include foldable and flexible supporting leg 12, ordinary antennas is substituted for microstrip antenna 3,
The volume and weight of A/C detection device can be effectively reduced, so that being easily installed and easy to carry, save manpower and object
Power.Certainly, dielectric substrate can also be processed into engraved structure, to mitigate the weight of dielectric substrate.Air microstrip patch is as day
Line unit
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, antenna element includes rectangular patch (the preferably rectangular sky in 4 figures
Gas microband paste), the rectangular patch (radiation patch) of microstrip antenna is the rectangular sheet of a × b, and substrate thickness h (is approximately part
Wavelength).Microstrip antenna can be equivalent to section termination presentation open-circuit condition, length is a, the transmission line of wide b.Microstrip antenna end
Voltage is antinodal point.It is assumed that microstrip antenna excitation electric field it is unchanged with substrate thickness and radiating element width direction, size with
Direction is only with length (λ/2 L ≈) direction change of rectangular patch.
In one embodiment, as shown in figure 3, antenna element includes 4 rectangular patches for being located at middle part, 2 two branches
Power divider and two Wilkinson power splitters and 1 branch line directional coupler.Wherein 4 rectangular patches pass through respectively
2 Wilkinson power splitters are crossed to be connected with branch line directional coupler.Microstrip antenna is in the case of introducing driving source, square
Radiation field can be generated between shape patch and floor, and the radiation field of microstrip antenna is mainly by the gap between rectangular patch and floor
It generates.
Each rectangular patch includes bottom layer of patches and upper layer patch, and the size of bottom layer of patches is 127mm × 127mm, upper layer
The size of patch is 7mm smaller than bottom layer of patches (the small 7mm of length and width).Wherein, select four unit forms to microstrip antenna
Width, which is mutually distributed, to be optimized and each unit same phase when wave beam, and amplitude distribution is taper distribution, antenna element when difference beam
Symmetrical 180 ° of phase phase difference of two sides are realized the amplitude distribution of microstrip antenna using Wilkinson power divider power-up bridge, realized each
The same phase and reverse phase of antenna element.
Further, as shown in figure 4, two derived power distributors belong to typical three-port network.By lossless reciprocity three
The fundamental property of port network is it is found that its three ports can not match simultaneously, and without isolation between each port.
Wilkinson power splitter mainly introduces isolation resistance on the basis of simple dichotomy's power divider, to realize letter
The matching and high degree of isolation of number link.Its principle is after introducing isolation resistance that power splitter becomes the three-port network for having consumption.
By the fundamental property of three-port network it is found that having three ports of consumption three-port network can exactly match and the interval of each port
It is higher from spending.The structural schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of two derived power distributors are as Figure 2-3, if power splitter 1,2 two end
The function point of mouth is than being k1:k2。
Further, as shown in figure 5, the typical structure of branch line directional coupler is symmetrical four port network, when 1 end
Mouth is input port, and when 4 ports are isolated ports, 2,3 ports are output port.The access of 1 port to 2 ports is served as theme,
Characteristic impedance is designated as Zb, it is also main line between same 3,4 mouthfuls；Line between two main lines is branch line, and characteristic impedance is designated as Za。
Four port identity impedances are Z0.The length of main line and branch line is all approximately a quarter operation wavelength, and 2,3 output ports can
Phase quadrature is obtained, the function point ratio of output port is determined by network parameter.
In addition, in the setting of the lower section of plummer 11, there are three supporting legs 12.The stability of three supporting legs 12 is preferable, and
Negligible amounts, further to mitigate the weight of A/C detection device, consequently facilitating mobile or carrying.The material of three supporting legs 12
It can be metal, in order to realize totally, improve security performance when using.And three supporting legs 12 can be hollow
Tubular structure, further to mitigate the weight of bracket 1.
Three supporting legs 12 are mainly made of the hollow pipeline section that multistage is arranged connection.Between two adjacent hollow pipeline sections
It is connected by retention bead, to prevent two hollow pipes to be detached from.And it is additionally provided between two adjacent hollow pipeline sections mutually
The clamping groove and clamping protrusion of cooperation.Clamping protrusion being capable of moving radially along hollow pipeline section.When needing elongate support leg 12,
It is directed away from one of them mobile hollow pipeline section of mutual direction, until clamping protrusion is connected in clamping groove.Work as needs
When shortening supporting leg 12, clamping protrusion is pressed, clamping protrusion is detached from clamping groove, towards close to mutual direction mobile wherein one
A hollow pipeline section.Hollow pipeline section can be set at least three sections, and microstrip antenna 3 is arranged in difference as needed with facilitating
Height.The fine tuning pipeline section of one section of threaded connection can also be set in the lower end of supporting leg 12, in order to realize supporting leg 12
Fine tuning.For example, realizing the leveling of microstrip antenna 3 by adjusting fine tuning pipeline section in ground out-of-flatness.It sets through the above way
It sets, structure is simple, light-weight, at low cost, installation, easy to use, save trouble and labor.
Further, plummer 11 can be the rectangular plate-like structure of hollow out, to mitigate the weight of plummer 11.It is carrying
The lower section of platform 11 is provided with for guiding one of supporting leg 12 (for convenience of description, referred to as the first supporting leg 121) towards separately
The guiding groove of outer two supporting legs 12 movement.When folding bracket 1, the first supporting leg 121 is pushed to move along guiding groove, until
Positioned at one end close to other two supporting leg 12 of guiding groove, target information acquisition device slant setting then will be controlled on ground
On face (microstrip antenna 3 is also supported on ground), each supporting leg 12 is finally folded.So set, when supporting leg 12 height compared with
High (as more than two meters), and when heavier-weight (such as more than 20 kilograms) of microstrip antenna 3, even if individual soldier bears in field, makes
With aerial target signal device, the folding and opening of bracket 1 oneself can also be completed, is further believed for individual soldier using aerial target
Number device provides possibility.
First supporting leg 121 and two other supporting legs 12 are arranged with plummer 11 hinged (such as ball-joint).When
When not needing using bracket 1, it is substantially parallel with the bottom surface of plummer 11 that three supporting legs 12 can turn to its axis direction
Position, then supporting leg 12 is folded in the groove of plummer 11 again, to be further reduced the volume of bracket 1, thus just
It is born in realization individual soldier.Reinforcing rib can also be set between supporting leg 12, to improve the stability of bracket 1.
It is further preferable that buffer layer can be set on the dielectric substrate of microstrip antenna 3.Buffer layer setting was using
Positioned at one end close to the first supporting leg 121 of dielectric substrate in journey.Microstrip antenna 3 is tilted when needing folding supporting legs 12
During being placed on ground, the impact force of microstrip antenna 3 is faced by buffer layer with reducing, improves the safety of microstrip antenna 3
Property and service life.Buffer layer can be plastic foam, to mitigate the weight of A/C detection device.
Of course, it is possible to guiding groove not be arranged in the lower section of plummer 11, three supporting legs 12 are fixed in articulated manner
In certain point position of plummer 11.When folding supporting legs 12, the folding of folding leg is realized by the cooperation of more people.
AC detection host 4 is placed on plummer 11 and for example, by the snap fits such as card slot and bayonet fittings and plummer
11 connections, to realize the quickly and easily installation and removal of host 4.When pin is arranged in card slot, locked by locking piece
Pin, to improve the fix tightly solidity of host 4.
The cabinet of host 4 can be processed by milling mode, and be changed to integral type machine by original march-past cabinet
Case.Design can accomplish fastness that is waterproof and dampproof, while can also increasing host 4 in this way.In Milling Processes, processing
The radiation tooth of cabinet out in order to more good heat dissipation, and is filled with waterproof layer in the gap of host 4, to improve sealing
Property.During processing cabinet, the outside of type is sealing structure, engraved structure is processed into the inside of cabinet, to mitigate master
The weight of machine 4.Waterproof pad can also be added at each connection gap of cabinet, to achieve the purpose that waterproof, moisture-proof.To host
4 various components inside also improves, and the shape and interface mode of each module can be carried out improving, to reduce interface
Quantity, the external interface of host 4 can be provided only with a network interface and a power interface, to reduce module volume and again
Amount is to reach the condition of integral type cabinet.The exterior color of host 4 is painted using camouflage color, to reach appearance color demand.
Host 4 is internally provided with embedded 1090ES ADS-B base station receiver, A/C mode query device, to complete
Detection under A/C mode.Small-sized ADS-B antenna is external and can be easy to disassemble, and is integrated with GPS/BD receiving module and its miniature
Antenna can optionally GPS or BD one mode work, can also share both of which.
As shown in fig. 6, servo turntable 2 to be placed directly within to the cabinet top of host 4, a complete independent subject is constituted, most
Limits reduce the connection quantity of the cable between servo turntable 2 and host 4 and length, improve anti-electromagnetic interference capability, subtract
Light weight, reduces costs, convenient for moving transport, installation is set up and disassembly, significantly enhances reliability and service life.
Each module and component of A/C detection device are provided with waterproof layer and Seal Design on the outside, are made with meeting the rainy day
With requiring.Several important components such as microstrip antenna 3, servo turntable 2, host 4 are Seal Design to guarantee that rainwater cannot invade profit
Into equipment.In addition the linker between modules is all made of military waterproof connector, can accomplish preferable waterproof effect.
In addition, if not having shielded measure between each module of A/C detection device, between interference can very big, electromagnetism
The compatible requirement for being also extremely difficult to need, therefore all encapsulated using the shell of aluminium alloy between modules, and high frequency and
The signal wire of intermediate frequency all uses shielding line to transmit signal.
The present invention is because field studies need, so mainly using battery powered mode.Pre- counter device total power consumption≤100W/
Hour, the dynamic lithium battery 48V/5.2A of Selection of Battery large capacity.In use due to battery, voltage can be with using the time
It elapses and gradually reduces, therefore battery out-put supply needs to be transported to modules again after power module is handled.
A/C detection device has certain lightning protection capability, so that loss is preferably minimized when encountering Lightning Disaster.?
All modules and component altogether, import thunder and lightning among the earth, while micro- to greatest extent when encountering thunder and lightning in design process
Feeder line end with antenna 3 has special lightning-protection module.If encounter Lightning Disaster, loss can be reduced to greatest extent.
In addition, the radio signal transmission of A/C detection device uses coaxial cable；Analog signal transmission uses coaxial cable；
Digital data transmission uses shielded cable；Signal wire vulnerable to interference should select coaxial cable with the signal wire for being also easy to produce interference；
It should be arranged in the place far from power supply line, transformer and other higher power devices vulnerable to interference cable, high frequency, low frequency wire separately wrap
It pricks；Analog signal transmission cable and digital signal transmission cable are answered arranged apart.
The Receiver Module of A/C detection device uses high-conductivity aluminum alloy material shield, and entire module is placed on
In shielding cavity, the interference of other modules and the other modules of shielding to radio-frequency module is interfered to reduce the leakage of radiofrequency signal；
Trunk power supply branch selects high performance electromagnetic interface filter in device.PCB rational deployment and optimization cabling.Simulation ground and digitally
Separate.In addition, the A/C detection device uses advanced extensive field programmable gate array FPGA, high-speed digital video camera
DSP, CPU+ARM module, built-in PC display control module.
The equipment knapsack of A/C detection device uses ergonomic designs, and there are Special Foam filling in harness and knapsack periphery,
To guarantee that contact personnel are not hurt by equipment metal shell, while guaranteeing comfort when bearing.It can also protect as far as possible
Equipment is not damaged in long-time transportational process by external force.
It is arranged through the above way, all modules and component of A/C detection device are adapted to the need of Field Operational and scouting
It wants, use is light-weight, the material of fastness high (such as bracket 1 uses aluminium alloy) is designed.The quality of the A/C detection device can
With≤25kg, and total volume is suitable for individual soldier and bears.For various cables all using concealed design, appearance neat and tidy is big
Side.The present invention in strict accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization's ICAO attachment 10 (ANNEX 10), RTCA-DO 260B related specification requirement, and
In conjunction with army, China boat, the particular/special requirement of the practical situations of civil aviaton, it is specifically designed miniature precision micro-strip flat plate array simple venation
Punching and poor antenna, realize high precision angle-measuring；Using the integrated design of antenna, servo turntable 2, host 4, device is realized
Miniaturization and portable functional, are suitable for kinds of platform and application scenarios, greatly expand application range.
In step s4, it will test region and be from top to bottom divided into first area and second area, and according to aerial target
The elevation angle and oblique distance measure the region locating for it；When aerial target is in second area and moves closer to the A/C detection device
When, polar coordinates are converted into rectangular coordinate system, and be based on rectangular coordinate system, the position of aerial target is updated；According to sky
The position of middle target, calculates the real-time update period of aerial target, and saves the update cycle.In this way, aerial target can be predicted
Air position next time, can more accurately realize tracking and monitoring.
In step s4, after decoding, behind the position that aerial target is obtained by code value, in A/C detection device
Address carries out exclusive or；When exclusive or value is zero, then code is correct, and code value is exported to asynchronous suppression circuit, if exclusive or value is not
It is zero, then carries out correction process, after the completion of correction process, judge whether error correction succeeds, if success, correct code is exported
The code is abandoned to asynchronous suppression circuit if unsuccessful, can more accurately realize tracking and monitoring.
In one more specifically application method, A/C detection device using small microstrip flat plate array pulse and/it is poor
Base positioning antenna when (∑/△) antenna, integrated 2/ host 4 of servo turntable, detachable lifting bracket 1 and GPS/BD two-in-one,
Built-in embedded 1090 ES ADS-B receiver, small-sized ADS-B antenna.Can based on small microstrip flat plate array pulse and/
Poor (∑/△) antenna, orthogonal double channels reception processing and high-gain/height by using the amplitude A and phase of consistency
Zero deep and poor (∑/△) antenna processing, difference beam slide window processing technology, to realize high-precision Monopulse estimation.
When needing to obtain Aerial Targets Information, step s1, first selection target place, and set up A/C detection device；Step
S2 levels microstrip antenna 3, so that microstrip antenna 3 is horizontally oriented, improves sensitivity when receiving information；Step
S3, startup power supply and automatic school north mode carry out automatic due north calibration to equipment.Step s4 starts AC tupe, to entire
Airspace scans for, i.e., scans for inquiring using A, C alternate mode aircraft aerial to day；If receiving response, remember
The azimuth-range for recording this lower aircraft, the accurate orientation of aircraft is determined by signal processing algorithm.Step s5, it is to be done
After the reception and processing of Aerial Targets Information, folding rack 1, and pack up A/C detection device.
In step s4, working principle and process are as follows: the present invention is based on utonomous working mode, by air-launched
Mode A/C (A/C mode) request signal calculates A/C spy after triggering and receiving the corresponding answer signal of processing aerial target
Survey device arrive the aerial target distance (oblique distance), and receive handle the aerial target Mode C answer signal you can get it this
(air pressure) height of aerial target.During signal reception processing, the high-precision pulse and difference of strong real-time can be used
Processing technique is received to calculate the azimuth of the aerial target, distance, the height of the aerial target can be obtained in real time in this way
Degree and azimuth information (also translate to as needed target corresponding rectangular co-ordinate position), to realize target in AIR
Detection location.
By above-mentioned continuous, resolving measurement incessantly, the locating and tracking to aerial target can be completed；In sighting condition
Under, the continuous output of track of the target aircraft can be realized.This A/C detection device 1090 ES ADS-B of compatible processing letter simultaneously
Number, ADS-B signal is received by ADS-B isotropic receiving antenna, inhibits through image frequency, be mixed, being put in logarithm, intermediate frequency high-speed a/d is adopted
The acquisition ADS-B infomational messages such as sample, digital filtering, interference signal filter out, multi-objective, information decode, verification；GPS/ is set
The positioning time-code information that BD positions time service module is that ADS-B message adds time stamp, is then parsed and is provided aerial to message
The attribute informations such as location information, destination address, nationality, the state of flight of target, send computer carry out Track In Track show and its
It is applied.A/C detection device can by receiving the location information (longitude, latitude) obtained after GPS/BD positioning time service module processing
It is changed to the origin of rectangular co-ordinate by coordinate transform, the positioning of A/C mode detection is provided and uses (school north etc.).Because using in real time,
High-precision pulse and poor processing technique, the present invention program is with very anti-false target cheats ability, identification decoy by force
Probability it is very high, ensure that institute's Detection location target output confidence level.
Monopulse ranging in the present invention program is located through scanning of the microstrip antenna 3 within the scope of 360 ° to realize, together
When A/C detection device digital servomotor output antenna bearingt angle information to signal processor, can correspond to out locating for target
True bearing.
A/C mode detection subsystem working principle is as follows: if it is to be understood that the orientation of object to be measured, first has to determine oneself
Really butt position locating for accurate location and antenna.Position is carried out to this base station using the two-in-one module of high-precision GPS/BD herein
Calibration, to obtain the accurate position of system.GPS mode can be used during position correction, and Beidou BD mould also can be used
Formula.
Since A/C mode answering machine can not voluntarily broadcast the information of itself, it is therefore desirable to carry out inquiry triggering to it to obtain
Take corresponding information.Entire airspace is scanned for first, i.e., with the only A interrogation mode query mode aircraft aerial to day into
Row search inquiry.If having received response, show there is the only aircraft presence equipped with A/C mode answering machine in airspace, together
When record the approximate location angle of this aircraft, then used when microstrip antenna 3 rotates near the azimuth next time only A and
Only C mode alternate interrogation and interrogation frequency is improved to determine its more accurate orientation.By the characteristic with poor antenna it is found that in width
When spending difference A △=max (∑-△), then it can determine whether that this target is in the position.Obtained C code is inquired by C mode again, then may be used
To parse the height of target.The oblique distance of remaining target can then determine according to the speed that electromagnetic wave is propagated in the sky, such as formula
D=C × (T-3 μ s)/2
Wherein C is light velocity 300000km/s, and T is the rising edge of the last one pulse of request signal and receives answer signal the
Interval time between the rising edge of one pulse, 3 μ s are the fixed delay time of answering machine.
The parameters of the A/C detection device are provided that
Tranmitting frequency: 1030MHz ± 6~8MHz；
Receive frequency: 1090MHz ± 6~8MHz；
Receiving sensitivity: -81dBm；
Dynamic range: 60dB
Transmission power: >=250W
Standing-wave ratio :≤1.5
Weight of equipment :≤25kg；
Although by reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, the case where not departing from the scope of the present invention
Under, various improvement can be carried out to it and can replace component therein with equivalent.Especially, as long as there is no structures to rush
Prominent, items technical characteristic mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.The invention is not limited to texts
Disclosed in specific embodiment, but include all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of integration, miniaturization A/C detection device are by four microstrip antenna, host and servo turntable, bracket part groups
At a complete A/C detection device is constituted, the total weight of A/C detection device is less than 25 kilograms；
Bracket includes plummer and connects and supports three spaced apart supporting legs below plummer with plummer, wherein
The lower section of the plummer, which is equipped with, is used for the guiding groove for guiding the first supporting leg towards the movement of supporting leg described in other two, and three
The supporting leg, which is arranged to move to after other two described supporting leg in first supporting leg, to be folded or opens, three
The supporting leg is all made of high intensity carbon fiber material；
Microstrip antenna includes the metal layer connecting with servo turntable, further includes positioned at metal layer and at flat medium base
Piece, the one end of the dielectric substrate in use close to first supporting leg are provided with buffer layer,
The bottom of each supporting leg is provided with the fine tuning pipeline section of threaded connection.
2. A/C detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that microstrip antenna size less than 1000 × 200 ×
23mm3, and weight≤3.5kg.
3. A/C detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the host is placed on the plummer simultaneously
It is clamped with the plummer, the host is additionally provided with 1090 ES ADS-B base station receivers.
4. A/C detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dielectric substrate, servo turntable and host are equal
For sealing structure；
The cabinet of the host is milling structure, and the gap of the cabinet is provided with waterproof layer,
The outside of the host is provided with camouflage color spray painting.
5. A/C detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the equipment using ergonomic designs
There are foam filling in knapsack, the harness of the equipment knapsack and knapsack periphery.
6. A/C detection device according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the microstrip antenna includes day
Line unit, the antenna element include that 4 rectangular patches of horizontal array, 2 two derived power distributors, 1 branch line are fixed
To coupler, 2 two derived power distributors include 2 Wilkinson power splitters, wherein 4 rectangular patches pass through respectively
2 Wilkinson power splitters are crossed to be connected with branch line directional coupler.
7. A/C detection device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that each rectangular patch includes bottom layer of patches and upper
Layer patch, the size of the bottom layer of patches are 127mm × 127mm, the length ruler of the length dimension of upper layer patch than bottom layer of patches
The width dimensions of very little small 7mm, upper layer patch are 7mm smaller than the width dimensions of bottom layer of patches, wherein select four unit forms to micro-strip
The width of antenna, which is mutually distributed, to be optimized and each unit same phase when wave beam, and amplitude distribution is taper distribution, when difference beam day
180 ° of the symmetrical two sides phase phase difference of line unit.
8. A/C detection device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the branch line directional coupler is four ports
Network, 1 port are served as theme to access between 2 ports, and 3 ports are served as theme to access between 4 ports, and the company between two main lines
Line is branch line, and the length of main line and branch line is all a quarter operation wavelength.
9. A/C detection device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that 2 two derived powers distributors are three ends
Mouth network, 2 Wilkinson power splitters introduce isolation resistance on the basis of the two derived powers distributor, are
There is the three-port network of consumption.
10. A/C detection device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the radiofrequency signal of the A/C detection device passes
Defeated to use coaxial cable, analog signal transmission uses coaxial cable, and digital data transmission uses shielded cable.
11. a kind of method that A/C detection device according to claim 1 obtains Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that packet
It includes:
Step s1, selection target place set up A/C detection device；
Step s2 levels the microstrip antenna, is horizontally oriented microstrip antenna；
Step s3, startup power supply and automatic school north mode carry out automatic due north calibration to device；
Step s4 starts A/C tupe, scans for entire airspace, i.e., flight aerial to day using A, C alternate mode
Device scans for inquiring；If receiving response, the azimuth-range of this aircraft is recorded, is determined by signal processing algorithm
The accurate orientation of aircraft out；
Step s5, after the A/C detection device completes work, folding rack simultaneously packs up the A/C detection device.
12. the method according to claim 11 for obtaining Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that in step s4, be based on
The microstrip antenna, orthogonal double channels reception processing and difference beam slide window processing using the amplitude A and phase of consistency
Technology, to realize high-precision Monopulse estimation.
13. the method according to claim 11 for obtaining Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that compatible in step s4
1090 ES ADS-B signals are handled, ADS-B signal is received by ADS-B isotropic receiving antenna, are inhibited through image frequency, mixing, logarithm
In put, the sampling of intermediate frequency high-speed a/d, digital filtering, interference signal filter out, the decoding of multi-objective, information, verification obtain ADS-B
Infomational message；
The positioning time-code information that GPS/BD positioning time service module is arranged is ADS-B message plus time stamp, is then solved to message
It analyses and location information, destination address, nationality, the state of flight attribute information of aerial target is provided.
14. the method according to claim 11 for obtaining Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that in step s4, in width
When spending difference A △=max (∑-△), then it can determine whether that this target is in current location, and determine aerial target according to following formula
Oblique distance D,
D=C × (T-3 μ s)/2
Wherein, C is light velocity 300000km/s, and T is the rising edge of the last one pulse of request signal and receives answer signal first
Interval time between the rising edge of a pulse, 3 μ s are the fixed delay time of A/C mode answering machine.
15. the method according to claim 11 for obtaining Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that in step s4, will examine
It surveys region and is from top to bottom divided into first area and second area, and locating for measuring it according to the elevation angle of aerial target and oblique distance
Region；When aerial target is in second area and moves closer to the A/C detection device, polar coordinates are converted into rectangular co-ordinate
System, and it is based on rectangular coordinate system, the position of aerial target is updated；According to the position of aerial target, aerial target is calculated
The real-time update period, and save the update cycle.
16. the method according to claim 11 for obtaining Aerial Targets Information, which is characterized in that in step s4, work as solution
After code, behind the position that aerial target is obtained by code value, exclusive or is carried out with the address in A/C detection device；When exclusive or value is
When zero, then code value is correct, and code value is exported to asynchronous suppression circuit, if exclusive or value is not zero, carries out correction process, entangles
After the completion of fault reason, judge whether error correction succeeds, if success, correct code value is exported to asynchronous suppression circuit, if not
Success, then abandon the code value, can more accurately realize tracking and monitoring.
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| CN111121769B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-11-16 | 中国人民解放军93209部队 | Mechanical scanning portable cooperative target air monitoring equipment and autonomous north correcting method |
| CN113078481B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-08-02 | 大连海事大学 | Miniaturized dual-frequency microstrip array antenna |
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| CN101533955A (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-09-16 | 上海交通大学 | Precise testing deployment device of antenna spatial angle identified by wireless radio frequency |
| CN202282442U (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-06-20 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | Full-automatic star-finding portable station base and supporting component thereof |
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| CN101533955A (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-09-16 | 上海交通大学 | Precise testing deployment device of antenna spatial angle identified by wireless radio frequency |
| CN202282442U (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-06-20 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | Full-automatic star-finding portable station base and supporting component thereof |
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