CN104114383A - 测量传感器 - Google Patents

测量传感器 Download PDF

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CN104114383A
CN104114383A CN201280069933.5A CN201280069933A CN104114383A CN 104114383 A CN104114383 A CN 104114383A CN 201280069933 A CN201280069933 A CN 201280069933A CN 104114383 A CN104114383 A CN 104114383A
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sensor
reader
frequency
parameter
survey sensor
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J·英格拉姆
A·杜德
M·泰勒
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Silent Sensors Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L17/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring tyre pressure or the pressure in other inflated bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
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    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0427—Near field transmission with inductive or capacitive coupling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0433—Radio signals
    • B60C23/0447—Wheel or tyre mounted circuits
    • B60C23/0449—Passive transducers, e.g. using surface acoustic waves, backscatter technology or pressure sensitive resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/10—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in inductance, i.e. electric circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/12—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance, i.e. electric circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0717—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种测量传感器，包括用于测量参数的射频识别电路。电路包括至少一个组件，其中，该组件的特性可以被改变以反映所测量参数的改变，以使得传感器的频率根据所测量参数的改变而变化。本发明扩展至用于测量可变参数的系统，该系统包括这种传感器。

Description

测量传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及测量传感器。
背景技术
用于测量可变参数的系统通常是昂贵的和庞大的。另外，它们通常依赖于通常是电池的形式的电源，其可能需要频繁充电以保持对电路供电。在装置需要很小的情况下，例如在监视轮胎压力的情况下，这样的系统可能难以接近，由此使得更换电源成为可能地昂贵和困难的任务；与电池有关的处置和安全问题也可能是主要问题。
射频识别(RFID)标签和阅读器在商店中使用以用于减少偷盗。标签被贴附至产品，阅读器位于商店的门旁边，如果标签在通过阅读器之前不被去激活则标签将触发警报。
这种标签不包含电源并依赖于经由来自阅读器的电磁感应的“激活”以对包含在标签内的电路供电。
工作频率，也称为它们的标称中心频率或关联边带频率，一般不被严格地控制，因为阅读器可以适应工作频率的变化。传统上，阅读器可以依赖于一定范围的频率以定位标签。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及测量传感器，其包括用于测量参数的射频识别电路，其中，该电路包括至少一个组件，其中该组件的特性可以被改变以反映所测量参数的改变，以使得由传感器使用的与阅读器通信的频率根据所测量参数的改变而变化。
本发明通过使用不影响系统的基本操作的技术，根据要测量的外部参数有意识地并且精确地修改标签的工作频率(中心频率或其他)来利用RFID系统。通过使得装置的频率输出与RFID电路的组件的可变特性相关，该特性的有意识且期望的改变可以导致从RFID电路发送的信号的改变。系统使用可以根据要测量的参数改变可测量特性的组件。这允许创建能够在阅读器询问时发送关于可变参数的信息的无源RFID标签，所述信息是该参数的“实时”指示。频率被严格控制以提供与特定可测量参数相对应的频率的变化。
由关键频率确定组件控制的标签工作频率的变化除了任何其他读取或写入操作之外还由阅读器检测。阅读器使用转换函数或类似的函数以将所测量的频率转换成正在测量的参数的值。该测量可以在标签读写过程的任何阶段进行。正常的是在系统操作期间存在时间段，其中存在调节时间或者发送可能合适的报头或训练序列。
在正常操作期间标签存储来自阅读器的数据并且由阅读器读取数据的能力允许标签在制造时或正常操作时利用校准和其他数据来被编程以改进系统性能、可靠性和功能性。例如，如果使用电容器来测量外部参数，则频率随着该电容值的改变的变化可以以查表或更复杂的转换函数的形式编程至标签中。
优选地，电路的可变组件是调谐谐振元件。通过调谐电路内的谐振元件，由标签传送的频率可以用于提供关于所测量参数的信息。
有利地，电路的可变组件从包括以下的组中选择：电容器和线圈，其可以包括集中或分立的组件。可以使用这样的电容器，其可以由于检测到的压力或力来改变其电容。可替换地，或另外地，可以在调谐天线系统中使用可以根据长度或加速度来改变电感的线圈。合适的和简单的装置很容易获得根据它们的环境改变的参数，有意识地，例如压敏电容器，特别地微电机装置，或者作为标准装置的副作用，例如，线圈的尺寸和电感随着温度或机械偏转的自然变化。
优选的是，根据所测量参数而改变的特性从包括以下的组中选择：电容、电感、和整体天线调谐。电路的整体电容或电感、或天线本身、以及因此整体天线调谐可以根据要测量的参数而改变。这些特性可以相对容易地和可预见地控制，并且因此这些特性的变化允许可靠地和容易地使用装置。
有利的是，所测量参数从包括以下的组中选择：压力、温度、时间、速度、角度、长度、速度、质量、加速度、面积、体积、能量、功率、和扭矩、从这些简单参数得到的任何次级参数、或任何其他初级或次级参数。另外的参数可以根据本发明的所需应用来被监测和测量。
在优选构造中，将校准数据从传感器发送至阅读器，以使得阅读器可以解释从传感器发送的频率信息。标签存储静态和校准数据，其可以在测量谐振频率的同时被读取。数据在标签的传送阶段期间被发送，数据以与标签内的可变电容器的电容有关的预定频率发送，预定频率本身与正在测量的可变参数有关。
在有利的构造中，测量传感器是轮胎压力传感器。轮胎压力传感器通过确保与道路的恰当轮胎接触来帮助降低车辆的运行成本。随着道路上车辆的数量变得如此高，这些车辆的效率的增大可以降低所产生废气的量并且还可以降低大多数消耗品的运输成本。
优选的是，对从传感器传送的输出进行编码。标签电路可以适于包含加密装置，以使得对传送至阅读器的数据进行编码。这降低了通过错误阅读器读取传感器的风险，并且还降低了当未授权这样做时第三方读取信息的风险。
有利地，编码数据经由中心带频率和边带频率的组合来传送。在这样的配置中，阅读器被配置为接收编码数据并且对其进行解码，以使得其可以被解释。这进一步降低了不打算接收该信息的阅读器拦截该信息的风险。
本发明使用具有可变频率的RFID电路，以将关于可测量的可变参数的信息传送至阅读器。频率可以由于LC RFID标签电路或例如RLC电路的类似电路中的组件的改变而变化，组件中的改变与可变参数关联。组件中的改变可以是直接相关或间接相关的。例如，压力的改变可以与压敏电容器中的改变直接相关。可替换地，改变可以由电感的改变造成，这可能与温度相关联，优选地通过使用可变电感器或通过电感器的长度的改变。信息可以使用非易失性存储器存储在RFID电路中，以使得可以使用无源RFID电路。可替换地，可以使用有源或半有源/半无源RFID标签。优选的是，使用无源标签以使得标签具有长的使用寿命，而不需要被替换或对任何电源的更换或充电。
标签操作的频率范围可以根据标签的所需使用来选择。例如，对于标签来说期望用于任何频率中，该频率选自低频范围(120至150kHz)、高频范围、超高频范围或微波频率范围。
本发明扩展至用于测量参数的系统，其包括根据这里所述的传感器的测量传感器、以及用于询问传感器的射频阅读器。
优选地，系统包括至少一个RFID传感器和与该至少一个传感器配对的阅读器。通过将一个或多个传感器与一个或多个阅读器配对，系统可以排除其他阅读器和传感器，由此降低从接近的传感器进行不正确读取的风险。
附图说明
现在将仅通过示例的方式并参考附图来描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是示出根据本发明的用于使用的示例电路的图；以及
图2是根据图1所示的电路的阶段的电荷改变的图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的压力传感装置10的图，其使用谐振或LC电路。装置10包括阅读器12和标签14。阅读器包括处理单元16和阅读器天线线圈18。
标签14包括连接至电荷存储电容器22的芯片20。存储电容器22转而连接至电容器装置24，其中固定谐振电容器26与压力可变电容器28并联连接。可变电容器28的电容与所测量到的压力有关并且根据该压力的改变而改变。电容器28的可变电容可以随着所测量压力的增大而增大。电容器装置24随后连接至标签天线线圈30，其连接至芯片20。
在操作中，阅读器12开启并经由阅读器天线18提供电磁场，因为其位于标签14附近，由于天线18和30之间的感应而经由标签天线30向标签14提供能量。所生成的能量存储在存储电容器22中。充电时间在RFID说明书中限定。
标签14以由固定电容器26和可变电容器28的并联装置确定的频率谐振。标签天线30之后以该频率发出一组数据，其包含各种信息，包括转换计算。返回至阅读器12的信号的频率由标签14内的组件，即电感器L和电容器C确定。
阅读器12经由阅读器天线线圈18采集从标签14传送的数据，并且使用处理器16读取进来的数据。数据被处理以测量从标签14传送的频率，其之后使用转换计算而转换成压力测量，转换计算由标签14发送至阅读器12的校准数据来确定。阅读器12由此能够记录由标签14发送的所观察到的压力并向用户提供该信息。
图2示出根据利用阅读器12对标签14的询问阶段的、标签14内的所存储能量的改变。集成标签14的电路以半双工方式操作，其中阅读器12将能量提供至装置，能量被存储在存储电容器22中并且在传送时用于对标签14内的内部振荡器供电。使用频移键控调制来通过切换与主谐振电容器26并联的调制电容器将数据发送回至阅读器12。
本发明的系统可以用于测量车辆轮胎的压力。标签的谐振电路内的电感器是固定的，并且电容随着频率而变化。电容是固定电容和MEMS电容传感器的组合，其中电容传感器的电容被设计为所施加压力的函数，其与轮胎的压力有关。低频标签集成电路的谐振电路可以在标称的120kHz至140kHz的频带中操作。
电路可以是集成电路或分立电路。
标签可以包括要传送至阅读器的另外的数据，例如标识号码、查表和/或指令。另外，标签可以是无源的或半有源的，并且可以存储一段时间内的信息。作为示例，标签可以记录一段时间的环境信息，诸如一年内每天的温度或十年内每个月的温度。数据可以被存储在非易失性存储器中，以使得当稍后读取标签时，标签将所记录的情况传送至阅读器。可替换地，信息可以被存储在易失性存储器中，其之后可以在电源耗尽时丢失。这可以在标签被错放的情况下防止将信息提供至第三方。
标签频率可以根据期望情况来被调节。例如，标签可以具有大约800MHz的频率，或者可以处于任何通用标签工作频率，或者任何可用的可获许可的频率。
可以在RFID电路中设置多于一个可变组件，由此可能允许以从标签传送的指示多于一个参数的频率测量该参数。通过提供多个可变组件，诸如可变电容器，频率可以被改变以使得可以记录多于一个可变参数。可替换地，多于一个可变组件可以期望用于提供单个参数的更精确的测量。
除了标签的中心频率以外，还修改边带频率会是有利的。
在使用RLC电路，可能地使用可变电阻器的情况下，其可以期望应用本发明。可替换地，其可以期望使用非调谐电路，诸如RC电路。
根据本发明的电路的可变组件可以是调谐谐振元件，例如天线或架空线，其类似地表现为集中线圈/电容器组合。

Claims (11)

1.一种测量传感器，包括用于测量参数的射频识别电路，其中，所述电路包括至少一个组件，其中所述组件的特性能够被改变以反映所测量参数的改变，以使得由所述传感器使用来与阅读器通信的频率根据所述所测量参数的改变而变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的测量传感器，其中，所述电路的可变组件是调谐谐振元件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的测量传感器，其中，所述电路的可变组件从包括电容器和线圈的组中选择。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的测量传感器，其中，根据所测量参数而改变的特性从包括以下的组中选择：电容、电感以及整体天线调谐。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的测量传感器，其中，所述所测量参数从包括以下的组中选择：压力、温度、时间、速度、角度、长度、速度、质量、加速度、面积、体积、能量、功率、以及扭矩、从这些简单参数得到的任何次级参数、或任何其他初级或次级参数。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的测量传感器，其中，将校准数据从所述传感器发送至所述阅读器，以使得所述阅读器能够解释从所述传感器发送的频率信息。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的测量传感器，其中，所述测量传感器是轮胎压力传感器。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的测量传感器，其中，对从所述传感器发送的输出进行编码。
9.根据权利要求8所述的测量传感器，其中，编码后的数据经由中心带频率和边带频率的组合来传送。
10.一种用于测量参数的系统，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的测量传感器以及用于询问所述传感器的射频阅读器。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述系统包括至少一个根据权利要求8或9所述的传感器、以及与所述至少一个传感器配对的阅读器。
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