CN1041125C - 致冷压缩机的密封垫片 - Google Patents

致冷压缩机的密封垫片 Download PDF

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CN1041125C
CN1041125C CN95108044A CN95108044A CN1041125C CN 1041125 C CN1041125 C CN 1041125C CN 95108044 A CN95108044 A CN 95108044A CN 95108044 A CN95108044 A CN 95108044A CN 1041125 C CN1041125 C CN 1041125C
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gasket seal
coating
gasket
refrigerant
load
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CN1120639A (zh
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迈克尔·J·多默
彼得·F·凯德
戴维·P·尼斯克恩
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/068—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces the packing swelling under working conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
    • F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
    • F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于密封流体环境的密封垫片是由一金属基板或芯层和粘附于其上的弹性涂层制成。根据弹性涂层暴露于被密封的流体时的弹性体膨胀特性，来选定弹性涂层的材料和厚度。膨胀能补充由螺栓等产生的夹紧载荷，而且能通过与载荷成反比地限定膨胀的部位来形成较好的密封。密封垫片涂层最好是适用于HFC制冷剂润滑剂混合物的氟橡胶。

Description

致冷压缩机的密封垫片
本申请涉及一种致冷剂用的密封垫片，该密封垫片适合于应用在含有氢氟碳(HFC)(hydrofluorocarbon)致冷剂的环境下。
在对一个内部装有加压流体的器具的两个部件之间进行密封时，普遍的做法是把一个密封件或密封垫片放在分隔不同压力区域的两部件之间。典型地，是通过拧紧螺栓等迫使两部件借助密封件或密封垫片达到接合，使密封件或密封垫片变形，从而达到流体密封。由于由被密封的流体的压力引起的部件的微量挠变以及在螺栓没有拧紧或间隔不均匀的情况下，问题可能发生，从而载荷轻的区域会出现渗漏。此外，被密封的流体或许会与密封件材料起物理或化学反应。
于1986年11月19日提交的美国专利4,728,111公开了一种密封垫片，这种垫片用于两边具有不同热膨胀系数的凸缘之间。于1990年7月20申请的日本专利78378/1992也公开了一种密封垫片，这种垫片在油的作用下会膨胀，从而提高密封效果。但上述两种垫片不适用于分割不同压力区域的两部件之间。
一种密封垫片是由一个其上粘合有一弹性涂层的金属基板或称芯层制成。弹性涂层是这样选择的，它与被密封的流体介质起反应而造成弹性涂层的膨胀。弹性涂层的厚度是这样的，即，膨胀要使得达到合适的密封，而又不会有涂层材料挤出。
本发明的一个目的是对一加垫接合缝的载荷轻的区域提供一附加的载荷。
本发明的另一个目的是给将在氢氟碳(以下间称为HFC)环境中膨胀的密封垫片提供一种涂层。
本发明的再一个目的是由密封垫片而不是由外加载荷来增大密封垫片的应力。
本发明的再一个目的是使密封垫片的净应力与预加载荷成反比地增大，以便能有效地实现一种自补偿接合缝。
本发明的再一个目的是限定增加载荷的部位，从而使载荷不会变得过大。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种具有足够大的容积膨胀特性的涂层，当夹紧载荷不足够时，这种膨胀特性足以使施加于密封垫片的夹紧力增大，同时又使涂层的挤出为最少。在下文中将变得很明显的这些目的以及其它目的都由本发明来实现。
基本上，是在一金属密封垫片上涂复一种弹性材料，当其暴露于工作流体时，它就膨胀，它给加垫接合缝的载荷轻的区域提供附加载荷而起密封作用。而且，随着接合的部件在压力载荷下挠变，弹性体的膨胀作用能有效地提供用以补偿密封垫片应力损失的弹性。
图1是采用本发明之密封垫片的一加垫接合缝的部分剖面图；
图2是密封垫片的局部放大图。
在图1中，标号10总地表示有一气缸体12和一气缸头14的致冷压缩机。密封垫片20位于气缸体12和气缸头14之间，气缸体12和气缸头14被螺栓30压紧借助密封垫片20达到密封接合。螺栓30的压紧使密封垫片20产生变形。如图2所示，密封垫片20有一个金属芯层21和粘接于其上的上下侧弹性材料涂层22和23。密封垫片20有一个拱弧形部分25，它能有效地增加密封垫片20的与气缸头14接触的相关厚度，并提供一种弹簧偏压，因为随着螺栓30被拧紧，拱弧形部分25将被压平。金属芯层21一般是钢质材料的，而且必须使压缩永久变形效应为最小，以及将随之产生的密封垫片载荷损失为最小，而对纤维基材料的密封垫片，压缩变形和载荷损失是很典型的。弹性涂层22和23的材料和厚度都应恰当选择，以便在暴露于密封的流体时具有足够大的体积膨胀特性，在夹紧载荷由于螺栓30的间隔或加载拉长而不足时，体积膨胀特性要足以增大施加在密封垫片20上的夹紧载荷。两螺栓之间的载荷曲线图近似为一条最大载荷在螺栓30附近、最小载荷在两螺栓之间的中点的悬链线。这样的载荷分布是由于气缸体12和气缸头部14相对于有关的力和挠变是弹性的。此外，弹性涂层22和23必须是一层足够薄的涂层，以使得夹紧时涂层的挤出为最少，然而，也要足够厚以便具有足够的体积膨胀和密封性能。
在压缩机10压缩的致冷剂可以至少包括致冷剂R125，R143a，R134a和R32之一，或者是含有HFC致冷剂R125的混合剂的HFC致冷剂R134a，例如由R125、R134a和R143a混合而成的致冷剂R40a、或由R143a和R125混合而成的HFC致冷剂R507、或含有R32的其他致冷剂的情况下，通常都采用多元醇酯(POE)合成润滑剂，这时涂层21和22最好是一种诸如杜邦德内穆尔E.I.公司(Du Pont de Nemours，E.I.&Co.)的品牌为VitonR、厚度小于1.27毫米(0.05英寸)较佳为0.127～0.508毫米(0.005～0.02英寸)的氟橡胶。致冷剂将会引起涂层21和22膨胀，但POE对涂层没有明显的影响。弹性涂层21和22所达到的膨胀量是密封垫片在膨胀前初时密封时预加载荷的一个函数。当预加载荷为约122牛顿每平方毫米(8000磅每平方英寸(psi))时，膨胀不可能使由预加载荷产生的密封垫片应力增大。然而在较低载荷下，膨胀与预加载荷成反比，使得膨胀以及因此而增加的载荷在预加载荷最轻的区域发生到最大程度，而在预加载荷重的区域密封垫片的应力几乎不会或根本不会增大。上述的致冷剂如R125、R134a、R143a、R32和R507可由阿利德西纳(Allied Signal)或其他公司提供，R404a可由杜邦(Du Pont)或其他公司提供。
本发明可应用于所有HFC致冷剂。但是，弹性涂层及其厚度必须与特定的致冷剂一润滑剂组合相匹配。

Claims (3)

1.一适于放在两个被压在一起的部件之间、以便在暴露于一种含有HFC致冷剂的流体介质时能提供其间的流体密封的密封垫片装置(20)，所述密封垫片包括一个金属芯层(21)和覆盖所述芯层的涂层(22，23)，其特征在于，所属涂层(22，23)是能与所述流体介质反应的氟橡胶涂层以造成所述涂层的膨胀，从而增强所述流体密封。
2.如权利要求1所述的密封垫片装置，其特征在于，所述流体介质至少包括致冷剂R125、R143a、R134a和R32之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的密封垫片装置，其特征在于，所述涂层的厚度小于1.27毫米(0.05英寸)。
CN95108044A 1994-06-24 1995-06-23 致冷压缩机的密封垫片 Expired - Fee Related CN1041125C (zh)

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US26548694A 1994-06-24 1994-06-24
US265486 1994-06-24
US265,486 1994-06-24

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JP (1) JP3019859U (zh)
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CA (1) CA2150085A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69516763T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK0693645T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2149335T3 (zh)

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JPH10273646A (ja) * 1997-03-28 1998-10-13 Nichias Corp 発泡ゴムコートガスケット用素材
GB2335714B (en) * 1998-03-24 2002-10-09 Universal Master Products Ltd Method and apparatus for refrigerant sealing
DE10038268B4 (de) * 2000-08-04 2011-05-05 Audi Ag Verschlussflansch für Kraftstoffbehälter
DE20216357U1 (de) 2002-10-23 2003-03-27 ZEXEL VALEO COMPRESSOR EUROPE GmbH, 71634 Ludwigsburg Dichtungsanordnung für CO2-Verdichter für Fahrzeugklimaanlagen
GB0603318D0 (en) * 2006-02-20 2006-03-29 Boc Group Plc Seal
CN102000945A (zh) * 2010-09-26 2011-04-06 杭州内燃机缸垫有限公司 多品种中小批量生产金属气缸垫的涂层金属板的加工工艺

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4728111A (en) * 1985-11-22 1988-03-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Compressed asbestos sheet gasket which swells in presence of liquids
JPH0478378A (ja) * 1990-07-20 1992-03-12 Nippon Reinz Co Ltd ガスケット

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DE7336951U (de) * 1974-01-10 Motoren U Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh Flachdichtung
DE3500071A1 (de) * 1985-01-03 1986-07-03 Elring Dichtungswerke Gmbh, 7012 Fellbach Zylinderkopfdichtung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4728111A (en) * 1985-11-22 1988-03-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Compressed asbestos sheet gasket which swells in presence of liquids
JPH0478378A (ja) * 1990-07-20 1992-03-12 Nippon Reinz Co Ltd ガスケット

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DK0693645T3 (da) 2000-10-02
EP0693645A1 (en) 1996-01-24
EP0693645B1 (en) 2000-05-10
JP3019859U (ja) 1996-01-12
DE69516763D1 (de) 2000-06-15
CN1120639A (zh) 1996-04-17
CA2150085A1 (en) 1995-12-25
ES2149335T3 (es) 2000-11-01
DE69516763T2 (de) 2001-01-04

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