CN104111197B - A kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device and test method - Google Patents
A kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
What the present invention relates to is a kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device and test method, joint coal petrography direct tensile test device wherein comprises card tapered sleeve, spherical joint, tensile testing machine, the two ends of coal sample are locked by card tapered sleeve respectively, each card tapered sleeve connects corresponding spherical joint, and spherical joint connects tensile testing machine; Card tapered sleeve is enclosed within outside ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve by tapered sleeve cylinder to form, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve comprises 12 cards, spring joint, rubber sheet gasket, it is connected to form ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve by spring joint successively head and the tail between adjacent card, card outside surface is circular arc, the vertical section of card is trapezoidal, and card internal surface has rubber sheet gasket; Spherical joint one end arranges web plate, and the spherical joint the other end is for connecting post, and the top connecting post has axial central recess, and two sidewalls of central recess have pin-and-hole, and spherical joint is fixedly connected with tumbler pin by central recess with tensile testing machine. The present invention can effectively avoid decreasing stress concentrate the impact on test-results owing to fixture is excessive and cause coal sample to damage to coal sample pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rock tension test technology in the fields such as rock mechanics engineering, petroleum engineering, mining engineering, it is specifically related to a kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device and test method.
Background technology
The tensile strength of rock is an important mechanical index, and in the past at study of rocks tensile properties, it is determined that during tensile strength, the test method usually adopted can be divided into two classes: a class is direct measuring method, i.e. uniaxial tensile test; Another class method is indirect determination method, comprises Brazil's split the law, pliability test method and indentation test method. The most frequently used in indirect determination method is Brazil's split test; but owing to coal rock layer haircut is educated; by the cutting at joint and crack; when adopting Brazil's split the law to test; coal sample usually can be made to destroy along weak, and deviation loads axis, can not meet test requirements document; tensile strength and the true value of measuring gained have bigger gap, can not reflect the mechanical property of coal petrography really. For meeting test requirements document, obtaining tensile strength more reliably, it is very necessary that joint coal petrography carries out direct tensile test.
Current rock direct tensile test mainly contains three kinds: adhesive, clipping and built-in. Coal petrography often adopts adhesive and clipping carries out tension test, adopt adhesive tension test it is crucial that to be guaranteed the coal sample cut out, absolute parallel and complete of both ends of the surface, to ensure draw direction and loading direction all by the center axis of cylindricality rock sample, but owing to coal petrography intensity is low, easily fragmentation, it is difficult to during cutting reach this requirement, the not tight real problem of coal sample center axis deviation loading direction and adhesion often occurs in test; Adopt clipping tension test, coal sample side is applied certain pressure and produces frictional force, reach the object of clamping, pressure is crossed conference and is caused and be caught broken coal sample, pressure crosses the little slippage that can cause testing again test specimen when carrying out, and clamping device is difficult to ensure the even by power of coal sample, produces stress at coal sample retained part and concentrates, cause coal sample to rupture herein, affect test-results. Visible, adhesive and clipping two kinds of test methods, be all difficult to meet the requirement of coal petrography direct tensile test, studies and a kind of is applicable to joint coal petrography direct tensile test device and method has important using value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device, this kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device is used for solving in coal petrography tension test, concentrating due to stress and the eccentric problem stretching and causing test-results bigger with true value deviation, another object of the present invention is to provide the test method of this kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: this kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device comprises card tapered sleeve, spherical joint, tensile testing machine, the two ends of coal sample are locked by card tapered sleeve respectively, each card tapered sleeve connects corresponding spherical joint, and spherical joint connects tensile testing machine; Card tapered sleeve is enclosed within outside ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve by tapered sleeve cylinder to form, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve comprises 12 cards, spring joint, rubber sheet gasket, it is connected to form ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve by spring joint successively head and the tail between adjacent card, card outside surface is circular arc, the vertical section of card is trapezoidal, card internal surface has rubber sheet gasket, and rubber sheet gasket has evenly distributed tiny projection; Tapered sleeve tube inner surface is taper, agrees with completely with card outside surface; Spherical joint one end arranges web plate, web plate has screw, the spherical joint the other end is for connecting post, the top connecting post has axial central recess, central recess is rectangular tank, two sidewalls of central recess have pin-and-hole, and spherical joint is fixedly connected with tumbler pin by central recess with tensile testing machine.
In such scheme, the card tapered sleeve at the two ends of coal sample is respectively card tapered sleeve and lower card tapered sleeve, the cylindrical body being fixedly connected to form after closing buckled by the tapered sleeve cylinder of upper card tapered sleeve by two and half bodies, each half body is provided with connection ear, after two and half body make-ups, in connection, ear place is fixedly connected with by closed bolt, and each half body is provided with the standing bolt for being fixedly connected with the web plate of spherical joint in one end that internal diameter is big; The tapered sleeve cylinder of lower card tapered sleeve is monoblock type, and tapered sleeve cylinder is provided with the standing bolt for being fixedly connected with the web plate of spherical joint in one end that internal diameter is big, and like this, it is possible to easy for installation, it is also easy to dismantle.
In such scheme, spherical joint inside is added with steel ball, and spherical joint can corner degree be 7 ��.
In such scheme, the rubber sheet gasket thickness of card internal surface is 5mm.
The test method of above-mentioned joint coal petrography direct tensile test device:
One, coal sample preparation
A, adopting joint coal petrography coring device to drill through diameter 50mm, length is no less than the cylinder coal sample of 200mm, and two ends are cut smooth slightly, by cleaning for ickings clean, twine one section of 100mm in the middle of coal sample with isolation adhesive tape and wraps up in sealing, and two ends reserve equal length;
B, the mining reinforcement of coal and rock agent adding the 60mm degree of depth in bulge, stir evenly, coal sample is vertically put into, coal sample exposed part is immersed in strengthening agent after 2-5 minute completely, takes out coal sample, remove residual strengthening agent, again the other end is immersed in strengthening agent after 2-5 minute, take out coal sample, wiped clean, it is put into shady and cool place and leaves standstill;
C, after strengthening agent solidifies completely, adhesive plaster will be sealed and remove, with fine sandpaper by clean for the polishing of the strengthening agent of unnecessary for coal sample two ends solidification, wipe chip;
Two, tension test
A, the support of the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve of lower card tapered sleeve is opened, it is enclosed within the lower end that coal sample is reinforced, suitably the position of the every sheet card of adjustment so that it is rubber sheet gasket and the coal sample of inner side are fully fitted;
B, tapered sleeve cylinder by lower card tapered sleeve are enclosed within outside the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve of the lower end of coal sample, are connected with the web plate on corresponding spherical joint by this tapered sleeve cylinder, twist good set screw nut;
C, the upper end being enclosed within coal sample is opened in the support of the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve of upper card tapered sleeve, behind adjustment card position, the tapered sleeve cylinder of upper card tapered sleeve is opened, to outside the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve being buckled in coal sample upper end, tighten closed bolt, the tapered sleeve cylinder after make-up is connected with corresponding spherical joint and fixes;
Two spherical joints are utilized tumbler pin to be connected with this tensile testing machine, then apply preliminary tension, start to carry out direct tensile test by the position of d, adjustment tensile testing machine respectively, until coal sample is destroyed.
Reinforcement of coal and rock agent in such scheme is mining two-pack type reinforcement of coal and rock agent, mixes with 1:1 ratio by resin and catalyzer, and ultimate compression strength reaches 60MPa, and viscosity is low, can rapid osmotic in coal petrography gap, increase coal sample end ultimate compression strength.
The present invention has following useful effect:
1, the present invention use reinforcement of coal and rock agent add the intensity at coal sample two ends, its ultimate compression strength can reach 60MPa, can effectively avoid owing to fixture is excessive and cause coal sample to damage to coal sample pressure, in test, clamping is the two ends that coal sample is reinforced, and also decreases stress to a certain extent and concentrates the impact on test-results.
2, the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve that the present invention adopts and the clamping mode boring sleeve combination, by drawing force when testing, coal sample is applied pressure, to reach the object of clamping test specimen, conventional fixture can be effectively avoided to cause the problem of coal sample damage or coal sample slippage because clamping instability, can effectively avoid again coal sample causes stress concentrate, affect the failure position of coal sample.
What 3, the present invention adopted is the method for clamping that clamping coal sample reinforces end, effectively prevent that Rock and coal cutting in conventional tension test is frangible and the problem of bonding difficulty;
4, the spherical joint in the present invention, it is possible to effectively avoid the problem of loading direction deviation coal sample center axis in drawing process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional cutaway view of ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the closed schematic diagram of tapered sleeve cylinder of upper card tapered sleeve in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that in the present invention, coal sample prepares schematic diagram.
In figure: 1. ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 2. tapered sleeve cylinder 3. spherical joint 4. coal sample 5. is isolated adhesive tape 6. strengthening agent 7. card 8. rubber sheet gasket 9. spring joint 10. and closed bolt 11. standing bolt 12. web plate 13. pad 14. tumbler pin 15. tensile testing machine 16. and connect ear.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, this kind of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device comprises card tapered sleeve, spherical joint 3, tensile testing machine 15, the two ends of coal sample 4 are locked by card tapered sleeve respectively, and each card tapered sleeve connects corresponding spherical joint 3, and spherical joint 3 connects tensile testing machine 15. After the two ends of coal sample 4 are locked by card tapered sleeve respectively, it is connected with tensile testing machine 15 by spherical joint 3, coal sample 4 wherein is carried out tension test by tensile testing machine 15, during test, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 is enclosed within coal sample 4 end, installing tapered sleeve cylinder 2 again, card 7 outside surface and tapered sleeve cylinder 2 inwall agree with completely, produce the pressure to card 7 by pulling force during stretching, it is uniformly applied to coal sample 4 end again, to reach the object of clamping coal sample 4 by card 7.
Card tapered sleeve is enclosed within outside ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 by tapered sleeve cylinder 2 to form, consult shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 comprises 12 cards 7, spring joint 9, rubber sheet gasket 8, card 7 outside surface is circular arc, and the vertical section of card 7 is the right-angled trapezium at 9 �� of inclination angles, by the spring joint ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 that head and the tail are connected to form successively between adjacent card 7, card 7 internal surface has rubber sheet gasket 8, having evenly distributed tiny projection on rubber sheet gasket 8, with increasing friction force, rubber sheet gasket 8 thickness is 5mm. When this experimental installation is not installed, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 internal diameter is slightly less than coal sample external diameter, can support open clamping coal petrography end during installation; Supportting open loop shape wedge-shaped sleeve 1 during test, be enclosed within the end of coal sample 4, whole ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 outside surface can agree with completely with tapered sleeve cylinder 2 internal surface.
Tapered sleeve cylinder 2 is processed by high rigidity steel block, tapered sleeve cylinder 2 internal surface is taper, pitch angle is 9 ��, identical with card 7 outside surface tapering, can agree with completely with card 7 outside surface, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 can securely be entangled by tapered sleeve cylinder 2, in the present invention, the card tapered sleeve at the two ends of coal sample 4 is respectively card tapered sleeve and lower card tapered sleeve, consult Fig. 4, the cylindrical body being fixedly connected to form after closing buckled by the tapered sleeve cylinder 2 of upper card tapered sleeve by two and half bodies, each half body is provided with and connects ear 16, after two and half body make-ups, in connection, ear 16 place is fixedly connected with by six closed bolts 10, each half body is provided with two standing bolts 11 for being fixedly connected with the web plate of spherical joint 3 in one end that internal diameter is big, the tapered sleeve cylinder 2 of card tapered sleeve is opened when test is installed, it is enclosed within ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1, close by six closed bolts 10 again, the tapered sleeve cylinder 2 of lower card tapered sleeve is monoblock type, tapered sleeve cylinder 2 is provided with four standing bolts 11 for being fixedly connected with the web plate 12 of spherical joint 3 in one end that internal diameter is big, directly it is enclosed within during test on ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1, when bolt is installed, four fixing spiral shells pass four screws on spherical joint 3 web plate 12, fix by nut again, each standing bolt 11 has the pad 13 of consistency of thickness.
Spherical joint 3 is the improvement of general spherical shape joint, and spherical joint 3 inside is added with steel ball, and spherical joint can corner degree be 7 ��, rotates flexibility ratio to increase spherical joint; Weld web plate 12 at spherical joint two ends respectively and it is provided with the connection post of tumbler pin, namely spherical joint 3 one end arranges web plate 12, web plate 12 has four screws, spherical joint 3 the other end is for connecting post, the top connecting post has axial central recess, central recess is rectangular tank, and two sidewalls of central recess have pin-and-hole, and spherical joint is fixedly connected with tumbler pin 14 by central recess with tensile testing machine. During installation, web plate 12 is connected with four standing bolts 11 of tapered sleeve cylinder 2 one end, and spherical joint 3 the other end is be connected with tensile testing machine 15, during test, spherical joint 3 connects the pin-and-hole on post be directed at the pin-and-hole of tensile testing machine 15, then connect with tumbler pin 14.
Above-mentioned joint coal petrography direct tensile test device carries out stretching test method and comprises coal sample preparation and tension test two parts, reinforcement of coal and rock agent is adopted to add the ultimate compression strength at coal sample two ends, avoid the problem that conventional clip tension test is caught broken coal sample, adopt card taper sleeve type structure, make coal sample in test uniform force, avoid to concentrate due to stress and caused to obtain experiment abberation, spherical joint is installed at device two ends, the problem of loading direction deviation coal sample center axis when can avoid testing, which form the direct tensile test method of a kind of applicable joint coal petrography, for the cylinder coal sample of �� 50mm, concrete steps are as follows:
1, coal sample preparation
A, employing coring device drill through diameter 50mm, length is no less than the cylindrical coal sample 4 of 200mm, two ends rock slicer cuts smooth slightly, by cleaning for ickings clean, one section of the middle 100mm of coal sample 4 is measured with graduated scale, this section being twined with isolation adhesive plaster 5 and wrap reality, two ends respectively reserve the distance being no less than 45mm, consult Fig. 5.
B, the mining coal and rock strengthening agent 6 adding the 6cm degree of depth in container, stirring evenly, reinforcement of coal and rock agent is mining two-pack type reinforcement of coal and rock agent, mixes with 1:1 ratio by resin and catalyzer, ultimate compression strength reaches 60MPa, the coal sample 4 being tied with isolation adhesive plaster 5 is vertically put into, makes coal sample 4 exposed part be immersed in strengthening agent 6 after 2-5 minute completely, take out coal sample, again the other end is immersed in strengthening agent 6 after 2-5 minute, take out coal sample 4, wiped clean, it is put into shady and cool place and leaves standstill.
C, after the strengthening agent 6 at coal sample 4 two ends solidifies completely, the polishing of the curing material that remained at coal sample 4 two ends with fine sandpaper is clean, removes isolation adhesive plaster 5, wipes chip.
2, tension test
A, by ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1 support open, be enclosed within the one end of the coal sample 4 prepared, adjust trapezoidal card 7 position so that it is inner side and coal sample 4 are fitted fully.
B, by lower cone sleeve 2 through coal sample 4, be enclosed within ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1, the standing bolt 11 on tapered sleeve cylinder 2 docked with the web plate 12 on spherical joint 3, stubborn good set screw nut.
C, coal sample 4 the other end being overlapped upper annular wedge-shaped sleeve 1, then opened by upper cone sleeve 2, be enclosed within ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve 1, closed upper tapered sleeve cylinder 2 also tightens closed bolt 10, docks with the web plate 12 of another spherical joint 3 and tightens standing bolt 11.
D, the position adjusting tensile testing machine 15, be connected on tensile testing machine 15 with tumbler pin 14 by coal sample 4 and fixture, then apply preliminary tension, starts to carry out direct tensile test, until coal sample is destroyed.
Claims (5)
1. the test method of a joint coal petrography direct tensile test device, it is characterised in that:
One, coal sample preparation:
A, employing joint coal petrography coring device drill through diameter 50mm, length is no less than the cylinder coal sample (4) of 200mm, and two ends are cut smooth slightly, by cleaning for ickings clean, twining one section of 100mm in the middle of coal sample with sealing adhesive plaster (5) and wrap up in sealing, two ends reserve equal length;
B, the mining reinforcement of coal and rock agent (6) adding the 60mm degree of depth in bulge, stir evenly, coal sample (4) is vertically put into, coal sample exposed part is immersed in strengthening agent after 2-5 minute completely, takes out coal sample (4), remove residual strengthening agent, again the other end is immersed in strengthening agent after 2-5 minute, take out coal sample (4), wiped clean, it is put into shady and cool place and leaves standstill;
C, after strengthening agent solidifies completely, adhesive plaster (5) will be sealed and remove, with fine sandpaper by clean for the polishing of the strengthening agent of unnecessary for coal sample two ends solidification, wipe chip;
Two, tension test:
A, the support of the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve (1) of lower card tapered sleeve is opened, it is enclosed within the lower end that coal sample (4) is reinforced, suitably the position of the every sheet card (7) of adjustment so that it is the rubber sheet gasket (8) of inner side and coal sample (4) are fully fitted;
This tapered sleeve cylinder outward, is connected with the web plate (12) on corresponding spherical joint, twists good set screw nut by the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve (1) that b, tapered sleeve cylinder by lower card tapered sleeve are enclosed within the lower end of coal sample;
C, the upper end being enclosed within coal sample (4) is opened in the support of the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve of upper card tapered sleeve, behind adjustment card (7) position, the tapered sleeve cylinder of upper card tapered sleeve is opened, to outside the ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve being buckled in coal sample upper end, tighten closed bolt, the tapered sleeve cylinder (2) after make-up is connected with corresponding spherical joint (3) and fixes;
Two spherical joints (3) are utilized tumbler pin (14) to be connected with this tensile testing machine (15), then apply preliminary tension, start to carry out direct tensile test by the position of d, adjustment tensile testing machine (15) respectively, until coal sample is destroyed;
Described joint coal petrography direct tensile test device comprises card tapered sleeve, spherical joint (3), tensile testing machine (15), the two ends of coal sample (4) are locked by card tapered sleeve respectively, each card tapered sleeve connects corresponding spherical joint (3), and spherical joint (3) connects tensile testing machine (15); Card tapered sleeve is enclosed within ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve (1) by tapered sleeve cylinder (2) and forms outward, ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve (1) comprises 12 cards (7), spring joint (9), rubber sheet gasket (8), it is connected to form ring-type wedge-shaped sleeve (1) by spring joint (9) successively head and the tail between adjacent card (7), card (7) outside surface is circular arc, the vertical section of card (7) is trapezoidal, card (7) internal surface has rubber sheet gasket (8), and rubber sheet gasket (8) has evenly distributed tiny projection; Tapered sleeve cylinder (2) internal surface is taper, agrees with completely with card (7) outside surface; Spherical joint (3) one end arranges web plate (12), web plate has screw on (12), spherical joint (3) the other end is for connecting post, the top connecting post has axial central recess, central recess is rectangular tank, two sidewalls of central recess have pin-and-hole, and spherical joint (3) is fixedly connected with tumbler pin (14) by central recess with tensile testing machine (15).
2. the test method of joint according to claim 1 coal petrography direct tensile test device, it is characterized in that: the card tapered sleeve at the two ends of described coal sample is respectively card tapered sleeve and lower card tapered sleeve, the cylindrical body being fixedly connected to form after closing buckled by the tapered sleeve cylinder (2) of upper card tapered sleeve by two and half bodies, each half body is provided with and connects ear (16), after two and half body make-ups, at connection ear (16) place, by closing, bolt (10) is fixedly connected with, each half body is provided with the standing bolt (11) for being fixedly connected with the web plate of spherical joint (12) in one end that internal diameter is big, the tapered sleeve cylinder (2) of lower card tapered sleeve is monoblock type, and tapered sleeve cylinder (2) is provided with the standing bolt (11) for being fixedly connected with the web plate of spherical joint (12) in one end that internal diameter is big.
3. the test method of joint according to claim 2 coal petrography direct tensile test device, it is characterised in that: described spherical joint (3) inside is added with steel ball, and spherical joint (3) can corner degree be 7 ��.
4. the test method of joint according to claim 3 coal petrography direct tensile test device, it is characterised in that: rubber sheet gasket (8) thickness of described card (7) internal surface is 5mm.
5. the test method of joint coal petrography direct tensile test device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described reinforcement of coal and rock agent is mining two-pack type reinforcement of coal and rock agent, mixing with 1:1 ratio by resin and catalyzer, ultimate compression strength reaches 60Mpa.
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| CN104897450B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-04-03 | 南京理工大学 | The adjustable bond preparation facilities of pretightning force |
| CN107727568B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Rock frictional test tests clamping device and leveling method |
| CN108489788B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2024-01-26 | 西安科技大学 | Portable cutting and grinding machine for manufacturing coal rock mechanical property test piece |
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