A kind of quick and complete degradative plastic film and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical material technical field, refer more particularly to a kind of quick and complete degradative plastic film and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Mulch film, the PE film of normally transparent or black, also has green, silver thin film.Be usually used in covered ground, there is the raising soil moisture, keep soil moisture, maintain Soil structure, prevent the disease etc. that pest attacks crop and certain micro-organisms cause, the function of Promoting plant growth.The product that can substitute traditional mulch film that degradable mulch utilizes biological degradation, chemical degradation, photodegradation three kinds of mutual synergy of process, collaborative and coherent effect to prepare, can realize degraded pollution-free.At present, China has become the maximum country in plastic sheeting for farm use market and usage quantity in the world, and just continues high speed development.
The main direction of studying of current biological degradable membrane with organic polymers such as starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, protein for matrix, Microbe synthesis type is if PHB and chemosynthesis degradation material are as PLA, PBS, PVA etc., and the preparation of the degradable membrane of biological organic matter and polymer blending.Utilize chemical degradation, biological degradation, photodegradative three kinds of mutual synergy of process, collaborative and coherent effect.In chemical structure, introduced the group of easily dispersion by new macromolecule synthesising technology, the chemical bond of easy fracture, the atom of easily transfer or group, or molecule connects or composition that in overall composition, some microorganisms of fusion can eat.Molecular chain chain rupture is made like this under the effect of illumination, mechanical oscillation or microorganism, destructurized, to decompose in nature then very soon.Thus reach free from environmental pollution, the object of recyclable recycling.
At present, degradable mulch can be divided into: (1) Biodegradable mulch is containing film natural polymer mulch film and the polymer-based mulch film of chemosynthesis; Weak point is: processing difficulties, poor mechanical property, water resistance are poor.(2) plant fiber-based mulch film utilizes vegetable fibre natural matter as multiple in needlebush, leaf wood, fiber crops, reed etc. to produce mulch film, and the main paper technology that adopts makes paper mulch film.Not enough: wind resistance rain ability, easily fragmentation, after meeting rain, tearing brute force reduces greatly, is not suitable for mechanical plastic film mulch.(3) photodegradation film adds the chemical assistant that photaesthesia group or interpolation have light sensitization in the polymer, thus under ultraviolet effect, polymkeric substance carries out the material decomposed orderly, degrades fast.Photodegradation plated film is containing addition type photodegradation film and synthetic photodegradative mulch film; Not enough: 1. degraded is comparatively large by factor restrictions such as uitraviolet intensity, geographical environment, seasonal climate, varieties of crops, degradation rate is difficult to accurately control; 2. cost is higher; 3. this mulch film only could be degraded under light, and the part be embedded in soil just can not be decomposed because can not see sunlight, fundamentally can not solve soil issues.(4) light/Biodegradable mulch (Shuangjing county), this type of mulch film is by microbe-sensitive material (as starch), with macromolecular material (as synthetic resins, PE etc.) blended, in system, introduce photosensitizers simultaneously, and after inductive phase, by the sensibilized of photosensitizers, be low molecular compound by Degradation of Polymer Materials, the microbe-sensitive material added is degraded by microorganisms naturally.Meanwhile, because the microorganism that goods are assembled can act on the low molecular compound of generation, making polymkeric substance is finally soil assimilation.Shortcoming: although Plastic-film disintegration is become small-particle, does not have too significantly negative impact to plant growth in a short time, but along with the prolongation of time, plastic grain in soil increases gradually, be very difficult to remove, more serious secondary pollution may be brought, be unfavorable for the Sustainable development of agricultural.
Summary of the invention
It is fast that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of degradation speed, completely, and quick and complete degradative plastic film that intensity is high and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of quick and complete degradative plastic film, is characterized in that, comprise the raw material of following weight: degraded polyester 20-26%, poly butylene succinate 18-25%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 26-32%, polyglycolic acid 13-27%, photostabilizer 4-9%; Described degraded polyester is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Preferably, described quick and complete degradative plastic film comprises the raw material of following weight: degraded polyester 22-26%, poly butylene succinate 20-25%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 27-32%, polyglycolic acid 20-27%, photostabilizer 4-6%.
Preferably, described quick and complete degradative plastic film comprises the raw material of following weight: degraded polyester 24-26%, poly butylene succinate 22-25%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 28-32%, polyglycolic acid 22-27%, photostabilizer 4-5%.
Preferably, described quick and complete degradative plastic film comprises the raw material of following weight: degraded polyester 24%, poly butylene succinate 22%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 28%, polyglycolic acid 22%, photostabilizer 4%.。
Preferably, described quick and complete degradative plastic film thickness is 15um, and width is 1.35m-4.5m.
A preparation method for quick and complete degradative plastic film, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by described weight percent meter, degraded polyester, poly butylene succinate, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters, polyglycolic acid, photostabilizer are added agitator, stirs 20-25 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, setting speed is 10-25r/min, and hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 110-130 DEG C of conditions, makes mulch film, cut, packs.
Preferably, described step (2) adopts three-layer co-extruded technique, produces transparent mulch film.
Quick and complete degradative plastic film provided by the invention, degradation speed is fast, and completely, intensity is high.The defect such as bubble, spot, fold, impurity, pin hole that mulch film outward appearance of the present invention uses without impact; Wearing quality is good, intensity is high; Degradation cycle is short and degraded is complete, and within about 7 days after overlay film, start to decompose, after this decomposition rate is accelerated, and substantially can decompose completely to about 5 months.Because this Plastic-film disintegration speed is fast, arable land is not polluted, can not Soil structure be affected, while the further improving yield of help peasant, guarantee the fertile degree of soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment one:
(1) by weight percentage, polyester 24% of degrading, poly butylene succinate 22%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 28%, polyglycolic acid 22%, photostabilizer 4% adds agitator, stirs 25 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, adopt three-layer co-extruded technique, setting speed is 25r/min, hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 130 DEG C of conditions, make mulch film, cutting, thickness is 15um, width is 4.5m, produces transparent mulch film, packs.Degraded polyester of the present invention is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Embodiment two:
(1) by weight percentage, polyester 22% of degrading, poly butylene succinate 20%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 27%, polyglycolic acid 25%, photostabilizer 6% adds agitator, stirs 25 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, adopt three-layer co-extruded technique, setting speed is 10r/min, hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 110 DEG C of conditions, make mulch film, cutting, thickness is 15um, width is 1.35m, produces transparent mulch film, packs.Degraded polyester of the present invention is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Embodiment three:
(1) by weight percentage, polyester 26% of degrading, poly butylene succinate 25%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 26%, polyglycolic acid 18%, photostabilizer 5% adds agitator, stirs 24 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, adopt three-layer co-extruded technique, setting speed is 15r/min, hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 120 DEG C of conditions, make mulch film, cutting, thickness is 15um, width is 3.05m, produces transparent mulch film, packs.Degraded polyester of the present invention is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Embodiment four:
(1) by weight percentage, polyester 20% of degrading, poly butylene succinate 18%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 32%, polyglycolic acid 21%, photostabilizer 9% adds agitator, stirs 23 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, adopt three-layer co-extruded technique, setting speed is 20r/min, hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 115 DEG C of conditions, make mulch film, cutting, thickness is 15um, width is 3.5m, produces transparent mulch film, packs.Degraded polyester of the present invention is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Embodiment five:
(1) by weight percentage, polyester 25% of degrading, poly butylene succinate 19%, polyhydroxybutyrate valeric acid copolyesters 30%, polyglycolic acid 20%, photostabilizer 6% adds agitator, stirs 20 minutes;
(2) mixture of step (1) gained is added forcing machine, adopt three-layer co-extruded technique, setting speed is 22r/min, hot-melt extruded blowing under temperature 125 DEG C of conditions, make mulch film, thickness is 15um, and width is 2.25m, cutting, produces transparent mulch film, packs.Degraded polyester of the present invention is formed by BDO, hexanodioic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol copolymerization.
Mulch film of the present invention, has carried out to different crops such as cotton, peanut, watermelon, corns the big area that multiple spot and common ground film contrast in national different zones through more than ten Agricultural Institutions and test and demonstrate, all achieved the effect be satisfied with very much.
Result shows that mulch film of the present invention is compared with common ground film, not only have and same heat, preserve soil moisture and promote the function such as crop early development, precocity, volume increase, but also there is good degradation property, within about 7 days after overlay film, start to decompose, substantially can decompose completely to about 5 months.
Compared with prior art, mulch film overall technology level of the present invention is advanced, and every finished product index is all better, and stretch-proof load is excellent, and degradation period is stablized.
In the middle and later periods of plant growth, due to the degraded of mulch film, decrease high temperature that membrane covering brings to the injury of root system, facilitate rain infiltration receptivity, reduce the inhibition of mulch film to rainwater, decrease the loss of rainfall, add the water content of soil, improve the agronomic shape of crop to a certain extent, also reduce human and material resources, the financial resources removing residual film and use, the barrier layer that the continuous accumulation avoiding residual film is formed, has certain production-increasing function; Meanwhile, environmentally friendly.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.