CN104101688A - Method and device for evaluating emulsification effects of emulsifiers for emulsion explosives - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating emulsification effects of emulsifiers for emulsion explosives Download PDFInfo
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- CN104101688A CN104101688A CN201410350019.9A CN201410350019A CN104101688A CN 104101688 A CN104101688 A CN 104101688A CN 201410350019 A CN201410350019 A CN 201410350019A CN 104101688 A CN104101688 A CN 104101688A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating emulsification effects of emulsifiers for emulsion explosives. The method comprises the steps as follows: emulsion bases of the emulsion explosives are prepared with different emulsifiers in the same composition ratio, the quantitative emulsion bases are contained in an extrusion tank with a small hole in the bottom, extruded out of the small hole in the bottom of the extrusion tank with constant pressure, placed in an open container, placed in quantitative water for a certain period and taken out, and the emulsification effects of the emulsifiers are evaluated according to the content of free ammonium nitrate in the water, and the lower the content of the free ammonium nitrate is, the better the emulsification effects of the emulsifiers are. With the adoption of the method, performance differences of the different emulsifiers can be compared quickly, evaluation results are consistent with results of a natural storage method, the credibility is high, meanwhile, actual production pumping processes of the emulsion bases can be simulated, and effects caused by the pumping processes on the emulsion bases can be understood relatively accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation method of emulsifying agent emulsifying effectiveness, particularly relate to the emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of emulsifier for emulsion explosive, and for the device of described evaluation method.
Background technology
Emulsion [explosive is a kind ofly at emulsion stability, to grow up in theory, has the thermodynamic unstable system of high dispersive phase, and its thermodynamic phase has determined that emulsion [explosive is prone to even demulsifying phenomenon of water separation, layering in storing and using.Emulsifying agent is form emulsion [explosive and keep its stable important component, the good and bad quality that directly affects emulsion [explosive of its emulsifying effectiveness.
For the detection of emulsifying agent emulsifying effectiveness, ubiquity the poor problem of testing result directiveness at present.Some physical and chemical indexs of emulsifier production itself, the for example hydroxyl value of span-80, saponification number, the base number of polyisobutene succinimide, nitrogen content etc., quality with emulsifying agent in the production of emulsion explosive does not have corresponding relation accurately, therefore often although there are the top grade product of the physical and chemical index of emulsifying agent in being all up to state standards, but under the constant prerequisite of Emulsion Explosive Production condition, still can not obtain stable, the phenomenon of the emulsion [explosive of result of use preferably.So the general emulsifying effectiveness of indirectly investigating method evaluation emulsifying agent that adopts, by the stability of test emulsified bases, infers the quality of emulsifying agent at present.The common method of evaluating emulsified bases stability comprises nature storing method, centrifugal settling method, scanning electron microscopy, electrical conductivity method and high low temperature round-robin method.
Nature storing method is as the term suggests just refer under state of nature, and different emulsified bases are along with the variation of time, temperature, and stability has decline in various degree, thereby demonstrates different performances.Nature storing method is the most objective, the simplest method of testing, but natural storing method test period is longer, is affected by climate change larger, is difficult for obtaining fast experimental result.
Centrifugal settling method claims again running balancing, is to observe emulsified bases under certain centrifugal action, and the situation of layering crystallization occurs, and can quantitative observation qualitative or to a certain degree goes out the quality of emulsion [explosive quality.But research shows that centrifugal force is not generally the main cause of breakdown of emulsion, so centrifugal settling method test findings is only used for making reference.
Scanning electron microscopy is a kind of method of the size of emulsified bases Dispersed Phase Size and distribution situation being observed by high-power microscope.Particle size and distribution are the key character data of emulsification structure, and generally speaking, particle diameter is less, distribution is more even, and the stability of emulsification system is just better.But scanning electron microscope equipment price is expensive, its application ubiquity is still subject to certain restrictions.
Electrical conductivity method can reflect the resistance to overturning of emulsified bases indirectly.The not destroyed desirable emulsified bases of emulsification system in theory, because fine and close oil film is coated, its electric conductivity is less.The stability of emulsified bases is destroyed, and will inevitably cause the damage of oil film, and ammonium nitrate will be separated out like this, thereby the conductivity of emulsified bases is changed.But for the emulsification system of water-in-oil type, conductivity is very little, the slight change of emulsified bases is difficult to cause the obvious change of conductivity.
The ultimate principle of high low temperature round-robin method and natural storing method are roughly the same, are all to utilize temperature and time to investigate its stability to the impact of emulsified bases.But in practice, the test result of high low temperature round-robin method is runed counter to natural storing method sometimes.
In addition, after emulsified bases is produced, often will especially load in mixture car emulsion [explosive through the pumping procedure of certain distance, its pumping distance is longer.For this class non-Newtonian fluid of emulsified bases, pumping procedure also has certain influence to the stability of its system, causes sometimes emulsified bases breakdown of emulsion and ammonium nitrate crystallization.But current detection method cannot be understood the destruction of this process to emulsified bases system.
From analyzing above, there are problems in current emulsified bases method for estimating stability, therefore by these methods, investigated the stability of emulsified bases and then inferred that the quality of emulsifying agent also exists corresponding problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method and device of emulsifier for emulsion explosive, solving the problems of the technologies described above, evaluate more exactly the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifier for emulsion explosive.
The emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of emulsifier for emulsion explosive provided by the invention is according to identical composition and ratio, emulsified bases with different emulsifying agent preparation emulsion [explosives, packing quantitative emulsified bases into a bottom is with in foraminate extruding tank, with constant pressure, from extruding pot bottom aperture, extrude, and be placed in an open-top receptacle, place certain hour in quantitative water after, take out, with the free ammonium nitrate content in water, evaluate the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent, free ammonium nitrate content is lower, and the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent is better.
In the above-mentioned evaluation method of the present invention, generally emulsified bases should be repeated to extrude 3～20 times in extruding tank, preferred extrusion passes is 10 times.
Wherein, described constant pressure is 0.1～0.3MPa.
In evaluation method of the present invention, the temperature of separating out the WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM of the ammonium nitrate that dissociates for dissolving the rear emulsified bases of extruding is chosen in 40～70 ℃, emulsified bases is placed in water to 5～20h.
Emulsified bases of the present invention is formulated by the ammonium nitrate of same amount, water, emulsifying agent and oil phase.When the emulsifying effectiveness that carries out one group of emulsifying agent is evaluated, just change the kind of emulsifying agent, emulsifier and other components and consumption are constant.Oil phase is wherein a kind of in 0# diesel oil, 32# machinery oil, 46# machinery oil, 100# machinery oil or any several potpourri.
The present invention also provides a kind of device for above-mentioned emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method, described device is by support, pressurizing unit and pneumatic mechanism form, described pneumatic mechanism comprises source of the gas, be fixed on the air pump of support top and the tracheae that connects source of the gas and air pump, on tracheae, be provided with air pump Start-up and operating performance direction by-pass cock, described pressurizing unit is by pushing tank and pressure ram forms, described extruding tank is releasably rack-mount, pressure ram one end is fixed on air pump, the other end is positioned at extruding tank top, by air pump, drive in extruding tank and move up and down, at the bottom of described extruding tank tank, middle part is provided with aperture.
Wherein, a connector is also installed on aperture at the bottom of the tank of described extruding tank, described connector forms by having a set of of different size through-hole aperture, can be according to the choice for use that needs of evaluation test.The aperture of connector through hole is respectively 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm and 2mm.
The emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of emulsifier for emulsion explosive of the present invention compared with prior art, there is following significant advantage: 1) emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of the present invention is simple to operate, can fast and effeciently compare the performance difference of different emulsifiers, and the impact of different starting material on emulsified bases quality, be particularly suitable for manufacturing enterprise to raw-material quality monitoring.2) emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method gained evaluation result of the present invention is more consistent with natural storing method investigation result, has very high confidence level.3) the required dose of emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of the present invention is less, and security is higher.4) emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus of the present invention is simple in structure, low price, and long-play is reliable and stable.5) emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus of the present invention can be simulated the pumping procedure in emulsified bases actual production, can understand more exactly the impact of pumping procedure on emulsified bases.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus of emulsifier for emulsion explosive of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The structure of emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus as shown in Figure 1, consists of support, pressurizing unit and pneumatic mechanism three parts.Pneumatic mechanism comprises source of the gas, be fixed on the air pump 6 of support 1 top with for being connected the tracheae 7 of source of the gas and air pump, and on tracheae 7, be provided with air pump Start-up and operating performance direction by-pass cock 2 and tensimeter 5.Pressurizing unit is by pushing tank 3 and pressure ram 4 forms, at the bottom of extruding tank 3 tanks, middle part is provided with aperture, releasably be arranged on support 1, at the bottom of extruding tank 3 tanks, on aperture, be connected with the connector 8 with through hole, pressure ram 4 one end are fixed on air pump 6, the other end is positioned at extruding tank 3 tops, by air pump 6, is driven, and in extruding tank, moves up and down.
Embodiment 2
Use the emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus of embodiment 1, with emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of the present invention, evaluate the emulsifying effectiveness of commercially available three kinds of emulsifying agents.Wherein, emulsifying agent A is the T152 emulsifying agent that chemical plant, Cambridge, Changzhou produces, and emulsifying agent B is the 2727B emulsifying agent that Lubrizol Corp. produces, and emulsifying agent C is the T152 emulsifying agent that chemical plant, Hongyuan, Yongji, Shanxi produces.
According to following proportioning, use every kind of emulsifying agent to prepare 300g evaluation test emulsified bases: 73.5wt% ammonium nitrate, 20wt% water, 1.5wt% emulsifying agent, 5wt%32# machinery oil.
Under heating condition, mixing ammonium nitrate and water form water, and to control water temperature be 80 ℃.
After emulsifying agent is mixed with 32# machinery oil, heat fused forms oil phase, and controlling oil phase temperature is 50 ℃, and uses water bath heat preservation.
Oil phase is added in open type emulsifier, and the rotating speed of setting open type emulsifier is 300r/min, and water is slowly joined in oil phase, and slowly improve rotating speed to 1000r/min, after water adds completely, continue to stir 1min, make emulsified bases, by the emulsified bases making 25 ℃ of insulations.
Adopt following methods to evaluate the quality of every kind of emulsifying agent emulsifying effectiveness: the extruding tank 3 of 1) emulsified bases being put into embodiment 1 emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus; 2) the extruding tank 3 that emulsified bases is housed is fixed on to the below of pressure ram 4 on support 1, the connector 8 of connecting through hole aperture 0.5mm at the bottom of tank; 3) connect nitrogen source of the gas, adjustments of gas valve opening, is controlled at 0.1MPa by admission pressure; 4) air pump Start-up and operating performance direction by-pass cock 2 is set as to downward direction, booster air pump 6 slowly moves downward pressure ram 4, enters in extruding tank 3 emulsified bases is wherein extruded; 5) repeatedly push 10 times, collect the emulsified bases through extruding, pack a diameter 25mm into, in the open glass container of high 25mm, surface strikes off; 6) glass container that emulsified bases is housed is put into 100ml deionized water, at 50 ℃, place 10h; 7) get 10ml aqueous solution, test free ammonium nitrate content wherein.Result is as shown in table 1.
According to the eduction rate size of table 1, show that the strong and weak order of emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent is B > C > A.
Comparative example 1
In order to verify the correctness of embodiment 2 results, the natural storage situation of the emulsified bases that A, B, C are formed has carried out following the tracks of investigation, and natural storage situation is as shown in table 2.
The demonstration of nature storage situation, the strong and weak order of emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent A, B, C is B > C > A, the conclusion obtaining with embodiment 2 emulsifying effectiveness evaluation methods is consistent.
Comparative example 2
According to the emulsified bases formula of embodiment 2, on emulsion explosive production line, produce emulsified bases, and with screw pump by emulsified bases pumping 10 times repeatedly, pumping pressure 0.3MPa.This result is contrasted with adopting the situation after the extruding of emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus, and result is as shown in table 3.
Comparing result shows, actual pumping result is consistent with emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method result of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Adopt emulsified bases formula and emulsification condition in embodiment 2, with 0# diesel oil, substitute 32# machinery oil, gained emulsified bases is pushed 15 times repeatedly, extruding tank connector aperture 1mm.Test situation is as shown in table 4.
Acquired results demonstration, the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent is B > C > A, consistent with embodiment 2 results.
Its natural storage situation is as shown in table 5.
According to this emulsification formula, on emulsion explosive production line, test, then with screw pump by emulsified bases pumping 15 times repeatedly, pumping pressure 0.15MPa.This result is contrasted with adopting the situation after the extruding of emulsifying effectiveness evaluating apparatus, and result is as shown in table 6.
Comparing result shows, actual pumping result is consistent with emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method result of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method of an emulsifier for emulsion explosive, according to identical composition and ratio, emulsified bases with different emulsifying agent preparation emulsion [explosives, packing quantitative emulsified bases into a bottom is with in foraminate extruding tank, with constant pressure, from extruding pot bottom aperture, extrude, and be placed in an open-top receptacle, place certain hour in quantitative water after, take out, with the free ammonium nitrate content in water, evaluate the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent, free ammonium nitrate content is lower, and the emulsifying effectiveness of emulsifying agent is better.
2. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the step of wherein emulsified bases being extruded from extruding tank repeats 3～20 times.
3. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described constant pressure is 0.1～0.3MPa.
4. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that after described extruding that emulsified bases and open-top receptacle standing time in water is 5～20h.
5. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that described water temperature is 40～70 ℃.
6. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described emulsified bases is formulated by ammonium nitrate, water, emulsifying agent and the oil phase of same amount.
7. emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that described oil phase is a kind of in 0# diesel oil, 32# machinery oil, 46# machinery oil, 100# machinery oil or any several potpourri.
8. the device for emulsifying effectiveness evaluation method described in claim 1, by support, pressurizing unit and pneumatic mechanism form, described pneumatic mechanism comprises source of the gas, be fixed on the air pump of support top and the tracheae that connects source of the gas and air pump, on tracheae, be provided with air pump Start-up and operating performance direction by-pass cock, it is characterized in that described pressurizing unit is by pushing tank and pressure ram forms, described extruding tank is releasably rack-mount, pressure ram one end is fixed on air pump, the other end is positioned at extruding tank top, by air pump, drive in extruding tank and move up and down, at the bottom of described extruding tank tank, middle part is provided with aperture.
9. device according to claim 8, is characterized in that on aperture, a connector with through hole being installed at the bottom of described extruding tank tank, and the aperture of described connector through hole is 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm or 2mm.
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| CN108593647A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-28 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Load in mixture the evaluation method of emulsification emulsifier ability |
| CN108645855A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | The evaluation method of on-site mixed emulsification emulsifier ability |
| CN109142666A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-01-04 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | A kind of emulsion matrix pumps simulator and analog detection method repeatedly |
| CN112710585A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | 南京工程学院 | Evaluation method for dynamic stability of on-site mixed emulsion explosive |
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| CN112710585B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2023-02-07 | 南京工程学院 | Evaluation method for dynamic stability of on-site mixed emulsion explosive |
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