CN104098224B - Country distributed domestic sewage treating system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rural distributed domestic sewage treatment device and method. The system comprises a sewage collection pool (2), an anaerobic filter (1), an ecological floating island (11), an artificial wetland (12), and a sewage collection pool (2) Connect with the anaerobic filter (1) through the water inlet pipe (3), the anaerobic filter (1) is connected with the artificial wetland (12) through the middle outlet pipe (10), and the ecological floating island (11) floats on the artificial On the water surface of the wetland (12), the artificial wetland (12) is connected through the outlet pipe (18); the parts of the anaerobic filter (1) are sequentially from bottom to top: sewage outlet (5), sludge sedimentation area (6), cloth A water hole plate (4), a sludge suspension area (7), an elastic filler (8), an intermediate outlet pipe (10), and an exhaust pipe (9). The invention has the characteristics of increased concentration of mixed liquid, high degree of hydraulicization, no blockage, no power consumption, simple and convenient operation and management, good greening effect and ecological effect, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

A rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment pollution and treatment, and relates to a rural distributed domestic sewage treatment device and method.

Background technique

With the rapid development of towns and villages and the rapid improvement of the living standards of the vast number of rural people and the obvious improvement of living conditions, the discharge of rural domestic sewage continues to increase. Due to the lack of long-term environmental planning in rural areas, rural drainage projects have been neglected, and domestic sewage treatment facilities in most rural areas are still far from perfect, resulting in most rural domestic sewage pollution problems not being resolved. According to the survey report of the Ministry of Construction "The Current Situation and Problems of Village Human Settlement Environment", 96% of the villages have no drainage channels and sewage treatment systems, and the production and domestic sewage are discharged randomly. As a result, rural rivers are generally polluted, and groundwater is seriously threatened. Some shallow groundwater has been polluted and cannot be used.

The water quality of rural domestic sewage is characterized by high nitrogen and phosphorus content, strong biodegradability, and less toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals; in terms of discharge, it has less discharge per household, large fluctuations in water quality and quantity, scattered discharge points, and relatively small collection Difficulty and other characteristics; and the feces contain more pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the rural population in my country is relatively scattered, and the existing sewage treatment scale is small, which makes the construction and operation costs of the project relatively high. The sewage treatment facilities are also easily affected by the local natural environment, which makes the selection of rural sewage treatment technology and the design of process parameters in my country It is different from urban domestic sewage treatment and has a larger dimension. The key to the effect of rural domestic sewage treatment is to choose the technology according to the actual conditions in the countryside, which can not only meet the national discharge standards, but more importantly, meet the requirements of small investment and convenient operation and management, and develop low-cost, miniaturized, integrated , low cost, natural treatment system combination process, etc. are very urgent and necessary. Therefore, based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various existing sewage treatment technologies, it is of great significance to screen out suitable rural domestic sewage treatment technologies. Therefore, the present invention optimizes the combination of anaerobic filter, ecological floating island, wetland and other technologies to treat rural decentralized sewage, which has very important practical value for the improvement of living environment and the construction of new socialist countryside.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device and method. On the basis of clarifying the characteristics, application conditions, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies for rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment at home and abroad, Creatively proposed the new technology of anaerobic filter-ecological floating island-constructed wetland combined process, developed an applicable decentralized sewage treatment facility with stable operation, simple management, and no energy consumption, and carried out experimental research on the application effect of the new combined process, Find the best working conditions, the best operating parameters and the best water quality. Its technical scheme is as follows:

A rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device, comprising a sewage collection tank 2, an anaerobic filter 1, an ecological floating island 11 and an artificial wetland 12, the sewage collection tank 2 is connected to the anaerobic filter 1 through a water inlet pipe 3, and the anaerobic filter The pool 1 is connected to the constructed wetland 12 through the middle outlet pipe 10, the ecological floating island 11 floats on the water surface of the constructed wetland 12, and the constructed wetland 12 is connected through the outlet pipe 18; each part of the anaerobic filter tank 1 is sequentially from bottom to top: sewage outlet 5 , sludge sedimentation area 6, water distribution orifice plate 4, sludge suspension area 7, elastic packing 8, middle outlet pipe 10, exhaust pipe 9; constructed wetland 12 from the bottom of the pool from bottom to top is: outlet pipe 18, The pebble layer 17, the gravel layer 16, the coarse sand layer 15, the fine sand layer 14, the water body 13 and the ecological floating island 11 floating in the water body are composed.

Preferably, the HRT of the anaerobic filter 1 is 16h, the filler of the anaerobic filter 1 is elastic filler 8, the plants of the ecological floating island 11 are foxtail algae, iris and water spinach, etc., and the fillers of the constructed wetland 12 are respectively from bottom to top Pebble layer 17, crushed stone layer 16, coarse sand layer 15, fine sand layer 14, pebble layer 17 thickness is 20cm, and pebble particle size is 3-4cm, and coefficient of inhomogeneity is 3; Gravel layer 16 thickness is 20cm, particle diameter It is 2-3cm, and the uneven coefficient is 3; The thickness of coarse sand layer 15 is 20cm, and particle size is 1-2cm, and uneven coefficient is 4; The thickness of fine sand layer 14 is 20cm, and particle diameter is less than 1cm, and uneven coefficient for 4.

A rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment method, comprising the following steps:

1) The sewage from the sewage collection tank 2 enters the anaerobic filter 1 through the water inlet pipe 3. The anaerobic filter 1 has a treatment capacity of 1.5m ³ /d, continuous water inflow and outflow, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is 16h; the anaerobic filter 1 The total volume is 1m ³ , the effective volume is 0.9m ³ , brick-concrete structure, the wall and bottom of the pool are made of bricks, the surface is plastered with 2cm mortar, and geomembrane is used as an anti-seepage material, placed between bricks and mortar; anaerobic The water inlet design of filter 1 adopts the method of one pipe with multiple points + water distribution orifice plate 4 for water distribution;

2) The treated effluent from the anaerobic filter 1 flows into the ecological floating island 11 and the constructed wetland 12 through the Φ15PVC middle outlet pipe 10. The treatment capacity of the constructed wetland is 1.5m ³ /d, continuous inflow and outflow, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is 40h ; Constructed wetland 12 Pool 3.3m ³ , brick-concrete structure, pool wall and pool bottom are made of bricks, 2cm of mortar plastering, geomembrane is used as anti-seepage material, placed between bricks and mortar; 6 -8 ecological floating islands, the thickness of the ecological floating islands is 10cm, the length is 40cm, and the width is 20cm. The floating islands are planted with iris, foxtail algae and spinach, etc.; the water treated by the ecological floating island plants 11 and artificial wetland 12 fillers passes through the outlet pipe 18 discharge to adjacent ditches or farmland irrigation.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) Coupling "biology" and "ecology", integrating the advantages of anaerobic filter, ecological floating island and artificial wetland, and creatively proposing a new technology of anaerobic filter-ecological floating island-constructed wetland, Among them, the anaerobic filter is responsible for pretreatment, effectively reducing the concentration of organic matter in sewage, making up for the shortcomings of the ecological floating island and artificial wetland in winter, and avoiding the clogging defect of the artificial wetland technology; the ecological floating island wetland makes up for the Defects of poor removal of N, P, etc. in the oxygen filter.

(2) Fully consider the economic affordability of rural residents, equipment durability, etc., and develop a stable load, simple structure, no need for a three-phase separator, no sludge backflow and blast aeration equipment, adding fillers to fix and retain microbial bacteria Rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment facilities with group, increased concentration of mixed solution, high degree of hydraulicization, no clogging, no power consumption, simple and convenient operation and management, good greening effect and ecological effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device of the present invention, wherein 1, anaerobic filter tank, 2, sewage collection tank, 3, water inlet pipe, 4, water distribution orifice plate, 5, sewage outlet, 6, sewage Mud sedimentation area, 7. Sludge suspension area, 8. Elastic packing, 9. Exhaust pipe, 10. Middle outlet pipe, 11. Ecological floating island, 12. Constructed wetland, 13. Water body, 14. Fine sand layer, 15 , coarse sand layer, 16, gravel layer, 17, pebble layer, 18, water outlet pipe, 19, valve.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to Figure 1, a rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device includes a sewage collection tank 2, an anaerobic filter tank 1, an ecological floating island 11 and a constructed wetland 12, and the sewage collection tank 2 is connected to the anaerobic filter tank 1 through a water inlet pipe 3 , the anaerobic filter 1 is connected to the constructed wetland 12 through the middle outlet pipe 10, the ecological floating island 11 floats on the water surface of the constructed wetland 12, and the constructed wetland 12 is connected through the outlet pipe 18; each part of the anaerobic filter 1 is sequentially from bottom to top : Sewage outlet 5, sludge sedimentation area 6, water distribution orifice plate 4, sludge suspension area 7, elastic filler 8, middle outlet pipe 10, exhaust pipe 9; constructed wetland 12 from the bottom of the pool to the top: Outlet pipe 18, pebble layer 17, gravel layer 16, coarse sand layer 15, fine sand layer 14, water body 13 and ecological floating island 11 floating in the water body.

The rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device described in the present invention is a new sewage treatment technology that combines anaerobic filter tanks with ecological floating islands and artificial wetlands, and is determined through tests such as new technology fillers, structures, and operating parameters of the combined process. Anaerobic filter-ecological floating island-constructed wetland technical combination of optimal technical operating parameters of the new process, anaerobic filter 1 is made of plexiglass, with anaerobic filler 8 inside, sewage collection tank 2 and anaerobic filter 1 The water inlet pipe 3 is connected between them, the water inlet pipe 3 is connected to the sludge sedimentation area 6, and above the sludge sedimentation area 6 is the sludge suspension area 7, which is separated by the water distribution orifice plate 4 in the middle, and the sludge sedimentation area 6 is connected to the right side The sewage outlet 5, the upper part of the anaerobic filter 1 is connected to the exhaust pipe 9, and the upper right part is connected to the middle outlet pipe 10; the sewage collection tank 2 is 0.2m long, 0.2m wide, and 0.2m high; the anaerobic filter 1 is 1m long and 1m wide , 1m in height; Anaerobic filter elastic packing 7 is 0.6m in height; Sludge sedimentation area 6 is 0.1m in height; Sludge suspension area 7 is 0.1m in height; Water distribution orifice plate 4 is 1m long, 1m wide, 5mm thick, and 5mm in aperture , hole distance 5cm, quincunx arrangement; water inlet pipe 3, middle outlet pipe 10 and exhaust pipe 9 have a pipe diameter of 10mm, sewage pipe 5 has a pipe diameter of 50mm, water inlet pipe 3, middle outlet pipe 10 and sewage pipe 5 all have valves 19. The floating body material of the ecological floating island 11 is foam and PVC pipe. The thickness of the floating island body is 10cm, the width is 20cm, and the length is 40cm. Constructed wetland 12 is 1m long, 0.6m wide, and 1m high. It is built with bricks. The pool wall and bottom are plastered with 2cm mortar. The pool uses geomembrane as waterproof material and is placed between the bricks and the mortar. The artificial wetland 12 is composed of the bottom of the pool from bottom to top: pebble layer 17, gravel layer 16, coarse sand layer 15, fine sand layer 14 and water body 13, wherein the thickness of the pebble layer 17 is 20cm, and the pebble particle size is 3- 4cm, the uneven coefficient is 3; gravel layer 16 thickness is 20cm, and particle size is 2-3cm, and uneven coefficient is 3; The thickness of coarse sand layer 15 is 20cm, and particle diameter is 1-2cm, and uneven coefficient is 4 ; The thickness of the fine sand layer 14 is 20cm, the particle size is less than 1cm, and the unevenness coefficient is 4; the thickness of the water body 13 is 20cm. The outlet pipe 18 connected with the artificial wetland is connected to the bottom of the pond, and the diameter of the outlet pipe 18 is 10mm. The HRT of the anaerobic filter 1 is 16h, the filler of the anaerobic filter 1 is elastic filler 8, the plants of the ecological floating island 11 are iris, foxtail algae and convolvulus, etc., and the fillers of the artificial wetland 12 are pebble layers 17 from bottom to top. , gravel layer 16, coarse sand layer 15, fine sand layer 14.

A rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment method, comprising the following steps:

In Qingyuan Village, Yucheng District, Ya'an City, 3 households were selected as experimental sites. Each household has a population of 3-5 people, and each household produces 0.5m ³ of domestic sewage per day. The daily domestic sewage of each household is discharged to sewage collection Pool 2; assuming that the flow rate is 1.5m ³ /d; after testing, the COD content in domestic sewage is between 120.31~465.6mg/L, the NH ₃ -N content is between 1.05~19.3mg/L, and the TN content is between 1.92~ Between 23.6mg/L and TP content between 0.36～1.6mg/L;

1) The sewage from the sewage collection tank 2 enters the anaerobic filter 1 through the water inlet pipe 3. The anaerobic filter 1 has a treatment capacity of 1.5m ³ /d, continuous water inflow and outflow, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is 16h; the anaerobic filter 1 The total volume is 1m ³ , the effective volume is 0.9m ³ , brick-concrete structure, the wall and bottom of the pool are made of bricks, the surface is plastered with 2cm mortar, and geomembrane is used as an anti-seepage material, placed between bricks and mortar; anaerobic The water inlet design of filter 1 adopts the method of one tube with multiple points + water distribution orifice plate 4 for water distribution; after testing, the COD content in the effluent water is between 55.62-203.3mg/L, and the NH ₃ -N content is 0.78-14.42mg/L L, TN content between 1.39~18.67mg/L, TP content between 0.21~1.03mg/L;

2) The treated effluent from the anaerobic filter 1 flows into the ecological floating island 11 and the constructed wetland 12 through the Φ15PVC middle outlet pipe 10. The treatment capacity of the constructed wetland is 1.5m ³ /d, continuous inflow and outflow, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is 40h ; Constructed wetland 12 Pool 3.3m ³ , brick-concrete structure, pool wall and pool bottom are made of bricks, 2cm of mortar plastering, geomembrane is used as anti-seepage material, placed between bricks and mortar; 6 -8 ecological floating islands, the thickness of the ecological floating islands is 10cm, the length is 40cm, and the width is 20cm. The floating islands are planted with iris, foxtail algae and spinach, etc.; the water treated by the ecological floating island plants 11 and artificial wetland 12 fillers passes through the outlet pipe 18 discharge to adjacent ditches or farmland irrigation. After testing, the COD content of the effluent is between 22.13-92.26mg/L, the NH ₃ -N content is between 0.31-5.76mg/L, the TN content is between 0.58-7.19mg/L, and the TP content is 0.09-0.48mg /L between.

The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution. Changes or equivalent replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment device is characterized in that it comprises a sewage collection tank (2), anaerobic filter (1), an ecological floating island (11) and an artificial wetland (12), and a sewage collection tank (2 ) is connected with the anaerobic filter (1) through the water inlet pipe (3), the anaerobic filter (1) is connected with the constructed wetland (12) through the middle outlet pipe (10), and the ecological floating island (11) floats on the constructed wetland ( 12) On the water surface, the artificial wetland (12) is connected through the outlet pipe (18); the parts of the anaerobic filter (1) are sequentially from bottom to top: sewage outlet (5), sludge sedimentation area (6), water distribution hole Plate (4), sludge suspension area (7), elastic packing (8), intermediate outlet pipe (10), exhaust pipe (9), water inlet pipe (3) are connected to sludge sedimentation area (6); constructed wetland (12) from the bottom of the pool from bottom to top: outlet pipe (18), pebble layer (17), gravel layer (16), coarse sand layer (15), fine sand layer (14), water body (13) and an ecological floating island (11) floating on the water body, the HRT of the anaerobic filter (1) is 16h, the filler of the anaerobic filter (1) is elastic filler (8), and the plants of the ecological floating island (11) are Iris, foxtail algae and convolvulus, and the artificial wetland (12) fillers are pebble layer (17), crushed stone layer (16), coarse sand layer (15), fine sand layer (14), and pebble layer (17) from bottom to top. ) thickness is 20cm, and the pebble particle diameter is 3-4cm, and the coefficient of inhomogeneity is 3; The thickness of the fine sand layer (14) is 20cm, the particle size is less than 1cm, and the unevenness coefficient is 4.