CN104097786A - Mechanical catapult for carrier-based aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical catapult for carrier-based aircraft. The mechanical catapult comprises a transmission shaft, a winch, clutches, brakes, a flywheel, a wire rope, a runway, and a slide. The mechanical catapult is technically characterized in that except the brakes disposed on a housing and the runway and the slide both disposed on a deck, the rest are all disposed on the transmission shaft; two trays are disposed on the transmission shaft and include one which supports a winch assembly and the other which supports the clutches. The winch assembly is braked to stop rotating, the clutches rotate in the center of the winch along with the transmission shaft, engaging-disengaging sliders are inserted into connections of the winch before catapulting, the winch is driven to rotate with the transmission shaft so as to wind the wire rope onto the winch, and the slide is pulled to drive an aircraft to take off. Catapulting powers are various; a water turbine and a gas turbine are taken as examples in the invention; when the water turbine is used as a power source, water is driven in by self-power of an aircraft carrier through an inflow gate, or a high-pressure water pump is driven by a motor, a diesel engine or the like to impact an impeller, and power is generated; when the gas turbine is used as a power source, power is transmitted to the transmission shaft through a reducer so that catapulting is available.

Description

Mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of shipboard aircraft catapult gear that utilizes the principle of hydrogenerator and design, its stator is similar to the capstan winch of catapult-launching gear, rotor is similar to the power-transfer clutch rotating in the middle of capstan winch, when both in conjunction with time, capstan winch twist steel rope pulls the shuttle in slideway to drive a kind of catapult-launching gear of taking off, it imitates the vertical design of umbellate form of Three Gorges Hydro-generators, and utilizes the mechanical power of water turbine generation to launch, and is exactly a kind of mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector in particular.

Background technology

Current ripe catapult technique in the world only has the steam catapult of the U.S., and Electromagnetical ejector is also under test, as for the U.S.'s tested flywheel energy storage ejector forties, is to abandon because power-transfer clutch problem could not solve.The patent No. of finding in internet is CN201010110019, name is called a kind of flywheel energy storage accelerating carrier-based aircraft ejector, it is provided with three power-transfer clutchs, power-transfer clutch is more unreliable, and this power-transfer clutch also needs 5 to 10 meters of ability adhesives of aircraft taxi, speed-raising increases diameter change by the winding number of turns and reaches greatly, has certain defect.And advantageous characteristic of the present invention power-transfer clutch just.

Although steam catapult has the ripe operation technique of 50 years, but its use cost and manufacturing cost are high, often launch and once need 1 ton of fresh water, and need the facilities such as sea water desalting plant, hydraulic accumulator, gas-accumulating tank, boiler, especially manufacturing process is complicated, packing technique is difficult to grasp, and weight reaches more than 500 tons, and the shortcoming such as take up room large.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of simple in structure, easy to manufacture, use cost is cheap, a kind of catapult-launching gear easy and simple to handle, it is by transmission shaft, capstan winch, power-transfer clutch, energy disperser, drg, flywheel, steel rope, slideway, shuttle forms, except being arranged on drg on housing and the slideway on aircraft carrier deck, outside shuttle, other parts are all arranged on transmission shaft, transmission shaft and hydraulic turbine main shaft are same axises, two pallets are set on transmission shaft, one of them is holding in the palm capstan winch assembly above pallet, above capstan winch, there is capstan winch bracing frame to support, and be connected on transmission shaft with bearing, have below with the fixing capstan winch of the plain thrust bearing of seam, also have two cover bearings to be arranged on the middle connection for transmission axle of plain thrust bearing.Another is holding in the palm clutch system and energy disperser above pallet, clutch system comprises: power-transfer clutch floating disc, electromagnetism tractor, clutch rod, clutch slider, clutch sliding sleeve, brake spring, slide block pulley.Energy disperser pulls piece and position-limited lever to form by recoil spring and recoil spring, and position-limited lever upper end is fixed on power-transfer clutch floating disc, and lower end reaches in the limit groove of power-transfer clutch pallet.One end of steel rope is fixed on capstan winch, and the other end is connected on shuttle by the slideway on deck.When preparing to launch, power system starts to start, transmission shaft holder clutch system and in the middle of capstan winch, is started to rotate, rotor as electrical generator rotates in the middle of stator, and capstan winch stator as electrical generator under the braking of drg stops not turning, when commanding assigns while launching instruction, both combine and rotate simultaneously, drg brake off now, capstan winch twist steel rope pulls the shuttle in slideway to drive and takes off.The present invention provides power with water turbine and automotive gas turbine for launching, and other machineries also can be done power certainly, as steam turbine, diesel engine, spark ignition engine, electrical motor etc., mainly tell about these two kinds of power of water turbine and automotive gas turbine here.

1, take water turbine just must be by the seawater introduction water turbine as thrust as power, and the method for introduction has two kinds, that is: dynamically water inlet is intake with static.Dynamically inlet method is: intake gate, water inlet plate, water inlet and coolant inlet pipe are set in side the place ahead of warship body, the effect of water inlet plate is seawater can be caught, the effect of intake gate is seawater can be arched upward after opening certain angle, cover water inlet and can play the effect of drawing seawater in, when seawater is arched upward, catches, is drawn in, aircraft carrier is to approach 200,000 horsepowers, and the speed of 29 joints (55 kilometers/hour) is impacted impeller by seawater water feed on top turbine, forms power and drives ejector work.Static inlet method is: utilize the machineries such as electrical motor, diesel engine, spark ignition engine, automotive gas turbine, steam turbine, drive high-pressure hydraulic pump by seawater injected water turbine, form powerful controlled current and promote the work of turbine impeller generation power drive ejector.

2, take automotive gas turbine during as power, its power is exported and is connected on transmission shaft by transmission system.

In open water turbine, open wheel word, stablize revolution and supplementary power.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows simple in structurely, be easy to manufacture, safeguard and operating cost cheap, save the energy, seawater makes to advance resource cost free, horsepower powerful, flexible operation, launches safe and reliable.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is water turbine ejection structure schematic diagram

Fig. 2 is automotive gas turbine ejection structure schematic diagram

Fig. 3 is intake gate, water inlet, water inlet Board position schematic diagram

Fig. 4 is that intake gate is opened schematic diagram

Fig. 5 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 3 and water pump, valve location figure

Fig. 6 is intake gate water inlet plate gradient connection diagram

Fig. 7 is ejection system drive mechanism schematic diagram

Fig. 8 is capstan winch assembly structure chart

Fig. 9 is clutch assembly drive mechanism schematic diagram

Figure 10 is power-transfer clutch, buffer structure schematic diagram

Figure 11 is the C-C cutaway view of Figure 10

Figure 12 is that the A of Figure 10 is to view

Figure 13 is clutch slider schematic diagram

Figure 14 is clutch sliding sleeve schematic diagram

Figure 15 is clutch rod schematic diagram

Figure 16 slide block pulley schematic diagram

Figure 17 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1

Figure 18 is gear position distribution graph

Figure 19 is the horizontal schematic diagram of clutch system

Figure 20 launches enforcement schematic diagram

In figure: intake gate 1, water inlet 2, water inlet plate 3, floating line 4, adapter shaft 5, valve 6, water pump 7, transmission shaft 8, capstan winch pallet 9, capstan winch plain thrust bearing 10, capstan winch 11, capstan winch bracing frame 12, capstan winch bracing frame bearing 13, power-transfer clutch pallet 14, power-transfer clutch floating disc 15, electromagnetism tractor 16, clutch rod 17, clutch sliding sleeve 18, clutch slider 19, brake spring 20, slide block pulley 21, combined mouth 22, recoil spring pulls piece 23, position-limited lever 24, recoil spring 25, housing 26, flywheel 27, impeller 28, big gear wheel 29, miniature gears 30, electrical motor 31, drg 32, slideway 33, steel rope 34, shuttle 35, coolant inlet pipe 36, transmission shaft bracing frame 37, transmission shaft bracing frame bearing 38, base bearing 39, base plane thrust baring 40, base 41, seal bootr 42, seal ring 43, antifriction-bearing box 44, antifriction-bearing box 45, shower nozzle 46, shower nozzle water pump 47.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.

The present invention mainly describes two kinds of power, that is: take the ejector that water turbine and automotive gas turbine be power, its transmission shaft is same axis, impeller, flywheel, power-transfer clutch, capstan winch are all arranged on transmission shaft, the upper end of transmission shaft is connected on housing 26 by transmission shaft bracing frame 37 and transmission shaft bracing frame bearing 38, lower end is fixed on base 41 by base bearing 39 and base plane thrust baring 40, and seal bootr 42 use seal rings 43 are sealed on base and prevent bearing water inlet, as shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 7.

One, take the embodiment that launches that water turbine is power

1, water turbine power production process: take water turbine as ejection power, first the seawater as thrust must be introduced to water turbine, introduction method has two kinds, that is: dynamically water inlet and static water inlet.

Dynamic inlet method is: the place ahead, warship side arranges intake gate 1, water inlet 2 and water inlet plate 3, the length of intake gate upper and lower side all will surpass water inlet, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, upper end surpasses water inlet object, when intake gate is opened, seawater is arched upward, when the ripples that arch upward and intake gate maintain an equal level, because intake gate upper end exceeds water inlet, the ripples that arch upward just can cover water inlet.Lower end is will insert below floating line lower than water inlet object one, from bottom, blocks seawater, the 2nd, with adapter shaft 5, water inlet plate 3 is caught to seawater with the gradient lower end that is connected to intake gate, as shown in Figure 6.The slope gradient of doing on water inlet should be consistent with the water inlet plate angle being connected on intake gate, and water inlet plate one end is connected to intake gate lower end, as shown in Figure 6.The other end rides on the slope of water inlet, as shown in Figure 5.When intake gate is opened, drag into water plate descending along water inlet gradient, the floating line that enters of level catches seawater below, intake gate plays water bridge and draw in like this, and after water inlet plate catches seawater, aircraft carrier self approaches the speed of 200,000 horsepower of 29 joint (55 kilometers/hour) and pushes ahead, by coolant inlet pipe 36, seawater is advanced to water turbine, form powerful current, impulse water turbine impeller produces power, drives ejector work.In Fig. 4,1 is intake gate, and it is water inlet 2 that two dotted lines wherein also have an oblique dotted line, above dotted line, is tiltedly into water plate 3, and long dotted line is floating line 4.

Static inlet method is: utilize the machineries such as electrical motor, diesel engine, spark ignition engine, automotive gas turbine, steam turbine, drive high-pressure hydraulic pump by water injected water turbine, form powerful controlled current, promote turbine impeller.About high-pressure hydraulic pump, the steam catapult of the U.S. must could inject water over boiler pressure to the high-pressure hydraulic pump of steam boiler water filling, the pressure and the current that show high-pressure hydraulic pump are all controlled, can need to select the pressure of high-pressure hydraulic pump and the power machine of current and drive water pump according to horsepower, its step is first to close coolant inlet pipe valve 6 to prevent that seawater from flowing backwards, open water pump 7 and start water filling, as shown in Figure 5.For obtaining more high thrust, open the shower nozzle water pump 47 that is arranged on shower nozzle 46 opposites simultaneously, carry out secondary pressurized, as shown in figure 17, under twice High-Pressure Water impacts, formed power is exactly water turbine power production process.

2, ejection process: ejector is comprised of transmission shaft, capstan winch, power-transfer clutch, energy disperser, drg, flywheel, steel rope, slideway, shuttle, except being arranged on drg on housing 26 and the slideway on aircraft carrier deck, shuttle, other parts are all arranged on transmission shaft, transmission shaft and hydraulic turbine main shaft are same axises, two pallets are set on this axle, wherein pallet 9 is holding in the palm capstan winch assembly above, it is comprised of antifriction-bearing box 44 and 45, plain thrust bearing 10, capstan winch 11, capstan winch bracing frame 12 and bracing frame bearing 13, forms capstan winch assembly.Plain thrust bearing 10 band seams are used for fixedly capstan winch 11, and centre arranges two cover antifriction-bearing box connection for transmission axles, and the top of capstan winch is supported with capstan winch bracing frame 12, by capstan winch bracing frame bearing 13, is connected on transmission shaft, as shown in Figure 8.Another pallet 14 is holding in the palm clutch system above, and clutch system is comprised of power-transfer clutch floating disc 15, electromagnetism tractor 16, clutch rod 17, clutch sliding sleeve 18, clutch slider 19, brake spring 20, slide block pulley 21, as shown in Figure 9.This ejector is very similar to " rotor " of Three Gorges umbellate form vertical type generator, and the capstan winch assembly that pallet 9 is holding in the palm above stops not turning under the braking of drg 32, is just similar to the stator of electrical generator, as shown in Figure 8.Another pallet 14 is holding in the palm power-transfer clutch float plate 15 above, and clutch system above rotates the rotor that is just similar to electrical generator in the middle of capstan winch assembly, as shown in Figure 9.Both are in conjunction with being exactly the combination of power-transfer clutch, and as shown in Figure 7, both separation are exactly the separation of power-transfer clutch.The separating step of power-transfer clutch is first described: after electromagnetism tractor 16 switches on power, produce pulling force, by clutch rod 17, to from combined mouth 22, pull out at the clutch slider 19 of the interior slip of clutch sliding sleeve 18 Intercalation mouth 22, in the process pulling, the brake spring 20 withstanding on clutch slider 19 is compressed, the distance of compression is exactly the distance pulling, pull after this segment distance, clutch slider 19 has just departed from combined mouth 22, disengaging of clutch, the self-locking device automatic locking clutch slider 19 of electromagnetism tractor after separated, in case during accidental power failure clutch slider 19 is pushed into again combined mouth, separating step completes, as Figure 10, shown in Figure 12.The integrating step of power-transfer clutch: clutch slider 19 is pulled out from combined mouth 22 since the separation of power-transfer clutch is electromagnetism tractor, so in conjunction with time will again clutch slider be pushed to combined mouth again, its step is first to cut off electromagnetism tractor 16 power supplys, make it remove pulling force automatic unlocking, compressed brake spring 20 resets immediately, shifting onto on the inwall of capstan winch 11 at the clutch slider 19 of clutch sliding sleeve 18 interior slips, the slide block pulley 21 of clutch slider 19 front end settings withstands on the inwall of capstan winch 11, along inwall, rotate, when forwarding combined mouth 22 to, brake spring 20 advances clutch slider 19 in combined mouth 22 immediately, power-transfer clutch is combination, as Figure 10, shown in Figure 12.

For make in conjunction with time shock absorber is more steadily set, in the groove of the limit of power-transfer clutch pallet 14, be provided with recoil spring 25, the recoil spring that this spring one end hangs in the limit groove that coexists pulls on piece 23, the other end hangs over through power-transfer clutch floating disc 15, stretch on the position-limited lever 24 in the groove of power-transfer clutch pallet limit, namely upper lower burrs is respectively hung one end of recoil spring, when disengaging of clutch, do not load, two dishes rotate under the extension of spring moves simultaneously, when power-transfer clutch in conjunction with time, there is load, the pulling force of spring just draws the motionless power-transfer clutch floating disc 15 having combined with capstan winch, recoil spring 20 must be stretched, Here it is shock absorber, when being stretched to 60 while spending, the position-limited lever 24 that recoil spring on power-transfer clutch pallet 14 pulls piece 23 just to encounter to be arranged on power-transfer clutch floating disc, recoil spring pulls piece 23 to pull position-limited lever 24 to drive capstan winch to rotate, completed separation, in conjunction with, buffering, enter the stage of launching, as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11.Can certainly shock absorber be set, while shock absorber not being set, will cancel power-transfer clutch floating disc, clutch system is directly installed on power-transfer clutch pallet, and whether shock absorber is set does not affect and launch.

When starting water turbine, start wheel word, it is in order to stablize revolution that wheel word object is set, because the ratio of revolution of water turbine is lower, it is exactly to turn above revolution in order to ensure 300 that wheel word is set, and for example electrical motor 3000 turns, 05 meter of miniature gears, 5 meters of big gear wheels, output is exactly 300 to turn, and can stablize 300 and turns and can play the effect that supplements power, at present the water turbine of 430,000 horsepowers of single-machine capacitys is exactly 300 to turn, if water turbine is equal to or higher than this revolution, will cancel wheel word.Wheel word adopts triangle distribution, as shown in figure 18.One end of steel rope 34 is fixed on capstan winch 11, the other end is connected on shuttle 35 by the slideway on deck, under the power of water turbine and wheel word is supported, when commanding assigns while launching instruction, capstan winch 11 is involved in capstan winch by steel rope 34 just as cable reel, be entangled on the groove of capstan winch 11, with 5 meters of capstan winch diameters, 300 transfer example to: often twine a circle (5 meters * 3.14) and just can pull forward 15.7 meters, pull 78.5 meters each second, 4710 meters of per minutes, 282600 meters per hour (282 kilometers), capstan winch pulls the steel rope 34 that is arranged on slideway 33 the insides, aircraft carrier deck with such speed, by shuttle 35, drive and take off, as shown in figure 20.Aircraft launches load releasing after warship, and power-transfer clutch is automatically separated simultaneously, and drg 32 is immediately by the capstan winch also rotating at inertia 11 braking stalls, and then release the brake, and shuttle 35 is retracted to initial point, does and launches preparation next time.About shuttle 35 being retracted to the mode of initial point, have multiplely, be not described in detail here.The distance of catapult-assisted take-off is 80-95 rice, and the length of slideway 33 will surpass 95 meters, the inertia distance while reserving braking.About much horsepower ability matching problems, can be by 1 meter of 75 kilograms of lifting per second according to 1 horsepower, by 75 tons, promote 100,000 horsepowers of 100 meters of needs so theoretically, here refer to that 75 kilograms of 1 horsepower of liftings are the liftings that overcomes gravity, if 75 kilograms are put, to push away be onboard overcome friction, 1 horsepower push away 150 kilograms also very light, aircraft just equals to push away onboard with wheel load-bearing, effect can be multiplied, and capstan winch pull mode as rumbling water lift in well, also can be laborsaving, the inertia knockout press that adds again flywheel 26, visible 100,000 horsepowers of aircrafts of 150 tons of weights of ejectable at least, destroy 15 carrier-borne aircraft gr.wt.s and approach 30 tons, 20000 horsepowers just can be launched.About water turbine and automotive gas turbine horsepower problem, the impulse turbine that current unit is 430,000 horsepowers is installed in the western horse of knowing of Brazil power station, the Francis turbine that unit is 950,000 horsepowers is installed in the three gorges hydropower plant, water turbine of the present invention takes impact type or mixed-flow all can accomplish required horsepower, dynamically water inlet has powerful horsepower propelling to ensure, high-pressure hydraulic pump water filling can be controlled number of units, pressure and the flow of water pump as required, needs much horsepower to adjust arbitrarily.Automotive gas turbine R0110 type unit can reach 150,000 horsepowers, and 1 more than sufficient, and 3.1 ten thousand horsepowers 2 in parallel uses of GT25000 type unit just can meet requirements.

Two, take the embodiment that launches that automotive gas turbine is power

No matter take any power mode to launch, it launches embodiment is all the same, because be all same portion ejector, need only its power transmission to transmission shaft, just can drive capstan winch to launch, difference is just not need wheel word during with other power, because its revolution is low while doing power with water turbine, the diameter of the lower capstan winch of revolution just must be larger, adopts the wheel word of triangle distribution both can guarantee needed revolution, can supplement power again, so wheel word is set.And adopt its revolution of automotive gas turbine high, and just do not need wheel word, the diameter of the higher capstan winch of revolution just can greatly to dwindle, and flywheel also can give full play to the effect of inertia knockout press, capstan winch reduced rear space diminishes, and clutch system can horizontally be arranged, as shown in figure 19.The existing 3000 domestic automotive gas turbines that turn of take are example: by 3000, turn and by gear change or other gear shift modes, make it be down to 1000 to turn, be transferred to again on transmission shaft, suppose 1.5 meters of capstan winch diameters, often turn around and just can pull forward 4.71 meters, per minute just can pull forward (1.5 meters * 3.14 * 1000 turn) 4710 meters, 282 kilometers per hour, the pull distance that turns 5 meters of capstan winch diameters with water turbine 300 is identical, has reached this speed and has just reached takeoff speed.Undoubtedly, these two kinds of power and ejection mode are all practicable.Two kinds of power respectively have superiority, and the advantage of water turbine is: simple in structure, manufacture and maintenance cost are cheap, save the energy, pollution-free, noiselessness, and horsepower is large, and no matter dynamically water inlet propelling, or high-pressure hydraulic pump water filling advances and all can guarantee abundant power.Automotive gas turbine is that the advantage of power is: technology maturation, and power is directly perceived, and existing R0110 type unit can reach 150,000 horsepowers, coordinates this ejector without launching failure reason could, 3.1 ten thousand horsepowers, 6T25000 type, it is also enough that 2 parallel connections add flywheel power-assisted power again.

Claims (5)

1. a mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector, it comprises transmission shaft, flywheel, power-transfer clutch, traction winch, it is characterized in that described ejector partly arranges transmission shaft, capstan winch, drg, power-transfer clutch, energy disperser, flywheel, steel rope, slideway, shuttle; Drg is arranged on housing, slideway, shuttle are arranged on the deck of aircraft carrier, flywheel, capstan winch assembly, power-transfer clutch, energy disperser are arranged on transmission shaft, the structure of capstan winch assembly has capstan winch bracing frame and bearing on being, under have bearing and pallet to be connected on transmission shaft, power-transfer clutch is by being arranged on power-transfer clutch pallet holder on transmission shaft on transmission shaft, and it is comprised of power-transfer clutch floating disc, electromagnetism tractor, clutch rod, clutch sliding sleeve, clutch slider, brake spring, slide block pulley; Steel rope one end is fixed on capstan winch, and the other end is connected on shuttle by the slideway on deck.

Its ejection power has multiple choices, and the water turbine of take will arrange intake gate, water inlet, water inlet plate, coolant inlet pipe as ejection power on warship body, or water pump is set.The automotive gas turbine of take is connected with transmission shaft as ejection power will arrange transmission system.

2. mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector according to claim 1, is characterized in that the recoil spring of described energy disperser and recoil spring pull piece to be arranged in the limit groove of power-transfer clutch pallet, and position-limited lever is arranged on power-transfer clutch floating disc.

3. mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bearing refers to the plain thrust bearing arranging below capstan winch with seam, and all the other are common antifriction-bearing box.

4. mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector according to claim 1, is characterized in that described ejection power has multiple choices to refer to except water turbine, automotive gas turbine and also comprises: steam turbine, diesel engine, spark ignition engine, electrical motor.

5. mechanical type carrier-based aircraft ejector according to claim 1, is characterized in that described water pump can be driven by electrical motor, diesel engine, spark ignition engine, automotive gas turbine, steam turbine.