CN204264463U

CN204264463U - Vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult

Info

Publication number: CN204264463U
Application number: CN201420432116.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王振川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-08-02
Filing date: 2014-08-02
Publication date: 2015-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2024-08-02

Abstract

A kind of vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult, is linked in sequence by electric winch, trailer wagon, transmission system and fake wheel, enlarged bore piston, heavy caliber vacuum chamber, oil pump, petrol storage tank etc. and forms.Electric winch pulls piston slowly to rise to top dead point by bottom dead point under transmission system slows down, and makes vacuum chamber inside reach perfect vacuum state, completes energy storage; Piston, under the promotion of bar pressure and self gravitation, makes trailer wagon move ahead fast with aircraft by the acceleration of transmission system and takes off, complete and launch.The utility model specific embodiment relevant data: launch hauling distance 99 meters, constant net tractive effort 31.4 tons, energy storage power 600 kilowatts, energy storage time 60 seconds, power supply lowest power demand 800 kilowatts, launch a sortie consumption of current lower than 20 degree, ejector gross weight less than 60 tons, system body heavy caliber vacuum chamber height 16 meters, volume 465 cubic meter.The main feature of the utility model: even acceleration, heating are less, energy consumption is low, electrified, lightweight, system is few.

Description

Vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult

Art

The present invention relates to a kind of fixed wing aircraft launching catapult, especially utilize vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult.Be applicable to the catapult-assisted take-off of fixed wing aircraft on aircraft carrier, large-scale amphibious assault ship and islands and reefs airport.

Background technology

The birth of aircraft carrier before a century, fixed wing aircraft that the between deck space that it is narrow and small takes off is a global difficult problem always.Each aircraft carrier big country, for solving this difficult problem, has dropped into a large amount of manpower and materials all to some extent.By research and probe in a sustained way, successively develop various shipborne aircraft catapult or auxiliary takeoff apparatus, as heavy formula, flywheel-type, spring slide-way type, rocket assist formula, fluid pressure type, vapour-pressure type, gunpowder formula, the electrodynamic type etc. of falling.But along with maximization or the heavy-duty of carrier-borne fixed wing aircraft, the particularly use of carrier-borne fixed-wing early warning plane and tanker aircraft, most ejector or jato unit suffer exit in the different phase of carrier-borne aircraft development.At present, the mode of taking off of fixed-wing carrier-borne aircraft mainly contains three kinds: ski-jump take-off, take off vertically, catapult-assisted take-off.The former as first in China aircraft carrier Liaoning warship and India's aircraft carrier dimension No. Ma Diya, carat etc.The latter is as U.S.'s Nimitz level nuclear aircraft carrier and French gaullist nuclear aircraft carrier etc.The jato unit of the mode that wherein takes off vertically not on warship but integrate aboard, do not discuss at this.As everyone knows, slanted deck ski-jump take-off be when do not have ejector can be forced to adopt a kind of simpler and cruder mode of taking off.Its major defect is: carrier-borne aircraft must take off by nose-ender, easily disturbs by weather, and aircraft carrier is for manufacturing nose-ender power consumption greatly; The carrier-borne aircraft takeoff separation time is long, causes composition group of planes difficulty; Carrier-borne aircraft can not expire oil, completely play full-gross-weight takeoff, cause voyage short, fight inefficiency; And the most fatal be under modern war more and more relies on the background of confrontation between systems, carrier-borne fixed-wing early warning plane and tanker aircraft can not take off by this way, will greatly affect the performance of aircraft carrier fighting capacity.Steam catapult can overcome the shortcoming of aforementioned slanted deck ski-jump take-off, greatly improves the confrontation between systems ability of aircraft carrier group.But steam catapult has other shortcomings: 1. consume fresh water and energy very big.Often launch an airplane and need consumption 600 ~ 700 kilograms of fresh water, and these water are become the steam of High Temperature High Pressure, add that storage and the course of conveying energy consumed that dispels the heat are huge.Fresh water and the importance of fuel to aircraft carrier are self-evident, especially just more valuable for the aircraft carrier powered by conventional energy that Liaoning warship is such.2. store and carry the heat insulation and safety problem of high temperature and high pressure steam to give prominence to.The use of thermal insulation material can occupy larger space, and definitely heat insulation be non-existent, the heat shed can worsen the living environment of warship person; And high temperature and high pressure steam holding vessel and delivery duct in wartime just as not timing bomb.3. system complex, maintenance cycle are short, maintaining difficulty large, as open cylinder seam sealing rubber strip and sealing lubricating oil are very easily rotten etc. at high temperature under high pressure.4. ejection process thrust is extremely uneven, and starting section peak value overload can reach 6g, burst can be brought to impact to aircaft configuration, greatly shorten its service life, also have adverse effect to aviator's health.5. launch front system to need long-time " preheating ".Along with the arrival in stealthy epoch, this shortcoming may be fatal in " experience " war.In addition to the above drawbacks, steam catapult also has all deficiencies, and in view of this, the U.S. starts to drop into huge fund research and development Electromagnetical ejector alternatively product early than the eighties in last century.At present, Electromagnetical ejector is being assemblied in and is descending not long ago on the first warship of the Ford level nuclear aircraft carrier of new generation of water.Due to outer bound pair, it is known little, practical application effect also has to be seen, we suppose that the U.S. has overcome most of shortcoming and defect of steam catapult in the exploitation of Electromagnetical ejector, but some presentations in its R&D process are still worth our reference with the technical risk of itself: 1. the U.S. has spent nearly three ten years, more than 3,000,000,000 dollars on Electromagnetical ejector.2. cool problem.The permanent magnet of Electromagnetical ejector is more responsive to temperature, demagnetization critical temperature is between 100 ~ 200 degree of seats Celsius, ejection process only has 2 ~ 3 seconds, within so short time, the heat that electromagnetic induction produces is taken away not a duck soup, otherwise will greatly shorten the life-span of ejector.3. Electromagnetical ejector major part makes moist and very easily damages, and up to the present the U.S. all only test on land, and can be suitable for long-time marine high salt high humidity environment or unknown number, at least handling labor be not light yet.4 due to the magnet of Electromagnetical ejector be fluting shape, can produce very strong electromagnetic radiation, for preventing the electromagnetic equipment of aircraft and aircraft carrier itself to be interfered, electromagnetic radiation shielding is also a difficult task.In a word, Electromagnetical ejector system is also extremely complicated, and application also also exists many uncertainties, and rashly dropping into huge fund research and development has larger risk, and the lead time is also difficult to ensure.On the other hand, South Sea sovereignty dispute grows in intensity recently, and especially major part islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands are by Vietnam and Philippine's illegal encroachment, and except the peaceful island that Taiwan authorities has, China only controls several reef dish.For obtaining southern SouthChina Sea mastery of the air, filling out reef, to build airport be good way, but will fill into a standard airport, and work capacity will be difficult to the imagination, and investment is also huge.And one will be filled out be suitable for catapult-assisted take-off, block the airport of landing scale being feasible, also match with China reclamation that just some reef dish is carrying out at the South Sea at present.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the various shortcomings of steam catapult, avoid uncertainty and the risk of researching and developing Electromagnetical ejector, the invention provides a kind of fixed wing aircraft launching catapult, this ejector take vacuum power accumulating as ejection power, aircraft carrier fixed wing aircraft can not only be used for and comprise taking off of large-scale unmanned plane, and be applicable to taking off of large-scale amphibious assault ship and islands and reefs miniature airport fixed wing aircraft.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for its technical matters of solution is: adopt the energy storage mode different from any ejector in the past, using heavy caliber upright cylindrical vacuum chamber as the carrier of storing energy, using electric winch as the means of energy storage.Its essential structure is: with the transmission system, enlarged bore piston, heavy caliber vertical type vacuum cylinder, oil pump, petrol storage tank etc. of the trailer wagon of power-transfer clutch and the Large Electric winch of brake function, slide block of ining succession, size fake wheel and size gear composition.Each several part device is connected with pipeline successively by pulley slip rope.Its Large diameter vertical type vacuum cylinder is the cylindrical of upper end open lower end closed, and cylinder bottom closed end adopts the resistance to compression design of spherical crown, and spherical crown nadir has a conduit to be connected with electromagnetic valve, oil pump, petrol storage tank successively, oil can be imported in vacuum chamber.Enlarged bore piston profile is match with vacuum chamber cylindrical, inside is still designed to spherical by resistance to compression.Cylindrical surrounded surface is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, and piston ring is equipped with in bottom, and top is stabilizing ring, and middle part is empty except the pillar of supporting & stablizing ring, and this part space and vacuum casing wall form oil groove.And oil groove is divided into identical some parts by stabilizing ring pillar stiffener and piston reinforcement Beam, piston strengthens there are pasta balance hole bottom the nearly oil groove of Beam, makes oil groove each several part pasta keep balance.There are a check valve or electromagnetic valve in piston spherical crown top for exhaust and oil spilling, and the oil of spilling flows into the oil groove of periphery, plays lubrication and sealing function, and the size of check valve diameter depends on that oil flows into the speed of cylinder bottom.Enlarged bore piston is connected and fixed on one side of the shallow bid cable pulley directly over vacuum chamber by cable wire.Shallow bid cable pulley, big gear wheel, miniature gears and deep bid cable pulley composition transmission system, overall can be arranged on appropriate position flexibly, only need be loaded on directly over vacuum chamber with a pulley jib and also be connected with shallow bid cable pulley with cable wire.For ensure launch tractive force keep constant, size fake wheel width with cable wire not lamination be as the criterion.When shallow bid cable pulley is rotated by brute force, cable wire is coiled on shallow bid cable pulley, makes piston increase from bottom dead point, until reach top dead point.Now, vacuum chamber inside is in perfect vacuum state, and enlarged bore piston is subject to the huge downward pressure of air, adds the gravity of upper piston self, have accumulated huge energy, can be used for cataplane to take off.When carrying out first launching operation, trailer wagon is in traction terminal, and piston is in bottom dead point.First open electromagnetic valve, start oil pump, lubricating oil injects bottom vacuum chamber, and gas is discharged by the check valve or electromagnetic valve being loaded on piston dome, continue oiling, make it the oil groove overflowed above piston, under the effect of pasta balance hole, the oiling of each oil groove is highly consistent, shut electromagnetic valve and oil pump.Start electric winch, treat that motor operation is stablized, power-transfer clutch closes, system enters storage energy operation: winch pulls trailer wagon to start return, drives deep bid cable pulley to put rope, rotation, drives the rotation of shallow bid cable pulley, fake after transmission reduction, and then pull piston slowly to rise, until reach top dead point, trailer wagon gets back to and launches starting point and held by holdback, throw-out-of clutch, storage energy operation terminates.Aircraft is in place, front-wheel launches connecting rod and snaps in slide block bayonet socket on trailer wagon, aero-engine opens sufficient reinforcing, release holdback, the descending pulling force of piston drives shallow bid cable pulley to put rope, rotation, after change-speed box accelerates, drive the rotation of deep bid cable pulley, fake, pull trailer wagon and aircraft to move ahead fast, until take off.Due to the effect of change-speed box, the downstream rate of piston is very not fast, during close to bottom dead point, piston periphery takes the lead in thrusting vacuum chamber bottom oil layer, force fluid spring up to middle and spherical crown top, until fluid overflows into oil groove from check valve, the resistance that piston is also subject to fluid slowly stops.And trailer wagon is due to very light in weight, kinetic energy is little, utilizes the brake gear on winch that it can be made to stop, also can take other simple and easy way.Because ejection process is extremely of short duration, the electrical motor of winch keeps running launching interim, can after piston brake at once closed power-transfer clutch enter the next one and launch circulation.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is a lot, and comparatively outstanding feature has following several respects:

1. ejection process tractive force is constant, and the complete even acceleration of aircraft is taken off, and will greatly reduce the stress of aircaft configuration, can improve body service life to greatest extent.This seems particularly valuable in today that operational aircraft price is day by day expensive.

2. piston running velocity is slow, noiselessness, and generate heat, wear and tear very little, machine oil can never degenerate by Long-Time Service.There is no thermal deformation problem, require low to manufactured materials.Except electric winch understands some heating, can avoid completely being absorbed in the vicious circle of heating-cooling-generate heat again-lower the temperature again.According to conservation of energy theorem, the present invention will be the most energy-conservation ejection system.

3. use electric power to originate as ejection power, make the control of system components become abnormal simple, meet the electrified general trend of naval vessels completely.Both need not again by complicated steam pipe labyrinth have been perplexed, also no longer by scorching hot steam leakage and dirt everywhere spatter, be difficult to the lubricating oil that cleans worry.

4. electric energy-stored power is low, less energy consumption, and system cloud gray model, without the need to prior preheating, can drop into high strength at any time and launch operation.

5. although heavy caliber vacuum chamber volume is comparatively large, very light in weight.Capacity issue can utilize pulley slip rope to be easy to the feature changing direction of transfer and transmit distance, make full use of space, flexible installation site, accomplish substantially not take hangar deck area, significantly alleviate the weight exceeding naval vessel center of gravity, have positive effect to the riding stability of aircraft carrier.

6. structure is simple, very clear; System is little, and reliability is high; Do not have advanced equipments of high grade and precision, processing and manufacturing is easy, and cost also will be extremely cheap; Also have maintenance maintenance work capacity little, save warship person number, the beneficial effect such as reduce labor intensity.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult each several part annexation figure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is enlarged bore piston block diagram.

Fig. 3 is the A---A section-drawing of Fig. 2.

1. electric winchs, 2. trailer wagon in figure, 3. deep bid cable pulley, 4. miniature gears, 5. big gear wheel 6. shallow bid cable pulley 7. enlarged bore piston, 8. heavy caliber vacuum chamber, 9. oil guide pipe, 10. electromagnetic valve, 11. oil pumps, 12. petrol storage tanks, 13. piston stabilizing rings, 14. stabilizing ring pillar stiffeners, 15. piston rings, 16. piston oil slots, 17. check valves, 18. pasta balance hole.

Detailed description of the invention

First the relevant data of embodiment is calculated.For convenience of calculation, barometric pressure value 1kg/cm^2, after converting, namely every sq m pressure is 10 tons; Gravity acceleration g value 10m/s; Make piston weight be 9 tons by counterweight, and suppose that its gravity just in time offsets the resistances such as the friction of system when launching; Vacuum chamber bore is 6 meters, and piston effective travel is 11 meters.So piston compression area is 3.14x3^2=28.26 sq m, and suffered bar pressure is 28.26x10=282.6 ton, can be used for launching clean total work 282600x11=3108600 kilogram-metre, and also namely vacuum storage net energy is that 3108600x10=31.086 million is burnt.After shallow bid cable pulley to 9 times of acceleration of deep bid cable pulley, the clean pulling force of towing aircraft is 282.6/9=31.4 ton, and hauling distance is 11x9=99 rice, and this distance can be reduced by the fuel head promoting vacuum chamber, to adapt to launching of lighter aircraft.And strong situation with the wind may be run in islands and reefs airport, the larger vacuum chamber of piston effective travel should be equipped with to increase catapulting distance.

Calculating about energy storage: setting energy storage time is one minute namely 60 seconds, so, the pulling force that winch should possess is 31.4 tons and adds 1 ton of gravity being derived from piston and add 1 ton of resistance again, energy storage total work is 33400x99=3306600 kilogram-metre, also can add 9 tons of piston gravity by air downward pressure suffered by piston 282.6 tons to add 9 tons of resistances to calculate energy storage total work be 300600x11=3306600 kilogram-metre, also be 33066 kilojoules, energy storage power is 33066/60=551.1 kilowatt, consider certain amount of redundancy, winch should match the electrical motor that horsepower output is 600 kilowatts.If calculated by launching an airplane 90 seconds, motor power factor gets 0.8, and consumption of current is 600/0.8 x 90/3600=18.75 degree.Please note: launch a frame heavy weight fighter consumption of current and be unexpectedly less than 20 degree! ! !

Calculating about vacuum chamber data: vacuum chamber bore is 6 meters, wall thickness gets 4 centimetres, external diameter is 6.08 meters, be highly 16 meters, so the volume of vacuum chamber is 3.14x3.04^2 x16=464.3 cubic meter, as using 304 corrosion-resistant steels as manufactured materials, get its density 8g/cm^3 and every cubic meter 8 tons, so the weight of vacuum chamber is 3.14x (3.04^2-3^2) x16x8=30.9 ton, add enlarged bore piston 9 tons, electric winch 10 tons, oil pump (petrol storage tank is shared), pulley slip rope, trailer wagon, change wheel, also have in figure the segmental machining connecting portion and two some tons of piston guide rail that do not have to indicate, (weight is not accurate Calculation to not excessive more than 50 tons of gross weight less than 60 tons, here many 10 tons few 10 tons do not have how many meanings).Be again one mysterious pleasantly surprised! The U.S. is the expectation index that its present age, the most high-tech Electromagnetical ejector was formulated is weight 225 tons, volume 425 cubic meter, and the present invention can become scrap iron simply instantaneously!

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.

In FIG, electric winch (1), trailer wagon (2), deep bid cable pulley (3), miniature gears (4), big gear wheel (5), shallow bid cable pulley (6), enlarged bore piston (7), heavy caliber vacuum chamber (8), oil guide pipe (9), electromagnetic valve (10), oil pump (11), petrol storage tank (12) connects successively.When carrying out launching operation, make trailer wagon (2) be in traction terminal, piston (7) is in bottom dead point.Open electromagnetic valve (10), start oil pump (11), machine oil injects vacuum chamber (8) bottom through oil guide pipe (9), gas is discharged by the check valve (17) being loaded on piston (7) dome, continue oiling, make it the oil groove (16) overflowed above piston (7), each oil groove oiling is highly reached an agreement by the free-flowing of pasta balance hole (18), shut electromagnetic valve (10) and oil pump (11).Start electric winch (1), treat that motor operation is stablized, power-transfer clutch closes, system enters storage energy operation: winch (1) pulls trailer wagon (2) to start return, drives deep bid cable pulley (3) to put rope, rotation, drives shallow bid cable pulley (6) rotation, fake after miniature gears (4), big gear wheel (5) are slowed down, piston (7) is pulled slowly to rise, until reach top dead point, trailer wagon (2) gets back to and launches starting point and held by holdback, throw-out-of clutch, storage energy operation terminates.Aircraft is in place, front-wheel launches connecting rod and snaps in slide block bayonet socket on trailer wagon (2), aero-engine opens sufficient reinforcing, release holdback, piston (7) drives shallow bid cable pulley (6) to put rope, rotation under the effect of bar pressure and own wt, after big gear wheel (5), miniature gears (4) accelerate, drive deep bid cable pulley (3) rotation, fake, pull trailer wagon (2) and aircraft to move ahead fast, until take off.Now, piston (7) periphery thrusts vacuum chamber (8) bottom oil layer, and force fluid spring up to middle and spherical crown top, until fluid overflows into oil groove (16) from check valve (17), piston (7) is also subject to the resistance of fluid and stops.Meanwhile, the brake gear on winch (1) starts makes trailer wagon (2) stop.The electrical motor of winch (1) keeps running launching interim, can after piston (7) brake at once closed power-transfer clutch enter the next one and launch circulation.

Claims

1. a vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult, adopt the vacuum power accumulating mode different from any ejector in the past, form by with the trailer wagon of the electric winch of power-transfer clutch and brake function, slide block of ining succession, size fake is taken turns and size gear forms transmission system, enlarged bore piston, heavy caliber vertical type vacuum cylinder, oil pump, petrol storage tank etc., each several part is linked in sequence by pulley slip rope or conduit; Its Large diameter vertical type vacuum cylinder is the cylindrical of upper end open lower end closed, and cylinder bottom closed end adopts the resistance to compression design of spherical crown, and spherical crown nadir has a conduit to be connected with electromagnetic valve, oil pump, petrol storage tank successively; Enlarged bore piston profile is match with heavy caliber vacuum chamber cylindrical, and inside is designed to spherical by resistance to compression, cylindrical surrounded surface is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, piston ring is equipped with in bottom, top is stabilizing ring, middle part is empty except the pillar of supporting & stablizing ring, and this part space and vacuum casing wall form oil groove.

2. vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oil groove on enlarged bore piston is strengthened Beam by stabilizing ring pillar stiffener and piston and is divided into identical some parts, piston strengthens there are pasta balance hole bottom the nearly oil groove of Beam, there are a check valve or electromagnetic valve in piston spherical crown top for exhaust and oil spilling, the oil overflowed flows into the oil groove of periphery, plays lubrication and sealing function.

3. vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: transmission system is made up of shallow bid cable pulley, big gear wheel, miniature gears and deep bid cable pulley, overall can be arranged on appropriate position flexibly, enlarged bore piston is connected and fixed on one side of shallow bid cable pulley by cable wire, for ensure launch tractive force keep constant, size fake wheel width with cable wire not lamination be as the criterion.

4. the vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: when shallow bid cable pulley is rotated by brute force, cable wire is coiled on shallow bid cable pulley, makes piston increase from bottom dead point, until reach top dead point, now, heavy caliber vacuum chamber inside is in perfect vacuum state, and enlarged bore piston is subject to the huge downward pressure of air, adds the gravity of upper piston self, have accumulated huge energy, can be used for cataplane takes off.

5. the vacuum power accumulating formula fixed wing aircraft launching catapult according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: due to the effect of transmission system, in ejection process, the downstream rate of enlarged bore piston is very not fast, during close to bottom dead point, piston periphery takes the lead in thrusting major diameter vacuum chamber bottom oil layer, force fluid spring up to middle and spherical crown top, until fluid overflows into oil groove from check valve, the resistance that piston is also subject to fluid slowly stops.