CN104096413A - Method for improving filterability of colloid-turbid liquid system and filtration method for colloid-turbid liquid system - Google Patents
Method for improving filterability of colloid-turbid liquid system and filtration method for colloid-turbid liquid system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104096413A CN104096413A CN201410304396.9A CN201410304396A CN104096413A CN 104096413 A CN104096413 A CN 104096413A CN 201410304396 A CN201410304396 A CN 201410304396A CN 104096413 A CN104096413 A CN 104096413A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the filterability of a colloid-turbid liquid system and a filtration method for the colloid-turbid liquid system. The method for improving the filterability of the colloid-turbid liquid system comprises the following steps: leading the colloid-turbid liquid system into a solid-liquid separation device, and conducting solid-liquid separation on suspended solids in the colloid-turbid liquid system through the solid-liquid separation device; leading the liquid obtained after solid-liquid separation into an electrode pool with positive electrodes and negative electrodes, and plugging in a direct current power supply between the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes to enable colloidal matters in the liquid to move to the electrodes with opposite charges and settle; leading the above liquid, in which colloid is removed, into a blending tank, mixing solid suspended particles into the liquid in the blending tank and mixing fully, and regulating the volume ratio of the residual colloid in the liquid and the solid suspended particles in the turbid liquid to 0.1-0.2. According to the method provided by the invention, a great amount of colloid in the system can be removed effectively, and the filterability of the system can be improved well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colloid-turbid liquid system to carry out processing method, be specifically related to improve the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system and to method that colloid-turbid liquid system is filtered.
Background technology
In prior art, by dispersate particle diameter, the disperse system between 1～100 nanometer is defined as colloid; Dispersate particle diameter is defined as to turbid liquid at the disperse system that is greater than 100 nanometers.Some time, system to be filtered (being material to be filtered) is not simple turbid liquid system, but is mixed with colloid, is colloid-turbid liquid system.Due to the existence of colloid, may reduce the filtrability of system to be filtered.While being embodied in filtration, filtration flux is lower, speed is slow, and usually causes the fast blocking of filter medium.In addition, conventional filtration mode is difficult to remove in a large number colloid, and then impact is to filtering the subsequent processes of rear liquid.
The leachate of cobalt in hydrometallurgy of take is that cobaltous sulfate stoste is example: in this stoste, containing the colloid of approximately 0.5～1% weight and a large amount of solid suspensions, belong to colloid-turbid liquid system.For removing the solid suspension in this stoste, there are at present two kinds of methods.The one, directly by flame filter press, this stoste is filtered, but filtration flux is very little, operating efficiency is low, and not high to the clearance of colloid; The 2nd, stoste is carried out to gravitational settling, but can only partly remove solid suspension, and almost cannot remove colloid.Therefore, cause before follow-up extraction alkali lye consumption larger, and rare, the noble metal in solution etc. can not effectively reclaim.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system of improving; Next is to provide a kind of colloid-turbid liquid system filter method based on the method, effectively to remove colloid and solid suspension.
The filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system of improving provided by the present invention, its step comprises: colloid-turbid liquid system is imported to equipment for separating liquid from solid, by this equipment for separating liquid from solid, the solid suspension in described colloid-turbid liquid system carried out to Separation of Solid and Liquid; The electrode cell that liquid after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid is imported to the positively charged utmost point and negative electrode accesses dc source between positive electrode and negative electrode, makes colloidal substance in liquid to electrode movement the deposition of oppositely charged; The above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank, then mix solid suspended particle and fully mix in the liquid of surge-tank, the volume ratio that remains the solid suspended particle in colloid and turbid liquid in described liquid is adjusted to 0.1～0.2.
In said method, first taked the solid suspension in described colloid-turbid liquid system to carry out the operation of Separation of Solid and Liquid, its main purpose is to be follow-up processing advantage is provided except colloid, guarantees follow-up colloid clearance while processing except colloid; After this utilize the charged characteristic of colloid itself, by making colloidal substance remove the colloid in liquid to the electrode movement of oppositely charged deposition, the feature of this technique is that colloid clearance is high; Finally, by mixing solid suspended particle and fully mix in liquid, can significantly reduce residue colloid to the filterable adverse effect of system.By said method, both effectively removed a large amount of colloids in system, well improved again the filtering feature of system, for good condition has been created in follow-up filtration.
In said method, described equipment for separating liquid from solid may adopt braided material filter medium, porous solid filtration media to filter and then realize Separation of Solid and Liquid to colloid-turbid liquid system, also may adopt the solid suspension in the solid-liquid separation method separation system of other non-filtrations.But adopting accumulation property filter medium is the most suitable to the mode that colloid-turbid liquid system is filtered in the present invention, its effect wants much excellent compared with other solid-liquid separation methods.Its advantage one is that processing speed is fast, efficiency is high, and solid-liquid separation effect is better; The 2nd, can utilize the suction-operated of accumulation property filter medium to adsorb the colloid in system, play the effect except colloid simultaneously.When accumulation property filter medium adopts quartz sand or active carbon, by equipment for separating liquid from solid, can reach the colloidal substance of removing total colloid weight 20% left and right in colloid-turbid liquid system.
In above-mentioned any method, the voltage of described dc source is preferably 0.8～3 volt.If the voltage of dc source is less than 0.8 volt, obviously reduced the absorption affinity of electrode pair colloid, make colloid clearance significantly deteriorated; If the voltage of stream power supply is greater than 3 volts, easily cause the chemical change in system, increased the uncontrollability of the method.The voltage of dc source can be more preferably 1.5～3 volts, more preferably 1.8～2.5 volts.
In above-mentioned any method, the diameter of the solid suspended particle mixing is preferably 20～500 microns.If the diameter of the solid suspended particle mixing is too small, easily in follow-up filtration, wear filter (passing) from filter medium, improve the impurity content of liquid after filtering; If the diameter of the solid suspended particle mixing is large, the equipment such as the pipeline in easily damage system, pump.The diameter of solid suspended particle also can be more preferably 80～300 microns; More preferably 100～200 microns.Preferred by the diameter to particle, contribute to lifting body to tie up to the mobility in filtration.
The filter method of colloid of the present invention-turbid liquid system, its step comprises: by above-mentioned any one, improve the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system colloid to be filtered-turbid liquid system is carried out to pretreatment; Thereby above-mentioned pretreated liquid is imported to film filter, described liquid is carried out to membrane microfiltration, after membrane microfiltration, the solid content of liquid is controlled at below 5～10 mg/litre.Owing to effectively having removed colloid in preprocessing process, well improved again the filtering feature of system, and be down to below 5～10 mg/litre by system solid content after membrane microfiltration simultaneously, reach the efficient effect of removing of colloid and solid suspension.
In above-mentioned filter method, described film filter is preferably cross-flow filtration device, this film filter and described surge-tank or be connected with medial launder between surge-tank with in cross-flow filtration device and then form liquid to be filtered circulation stream.Wherein, described film filter preferably adopts sintering metal porous material filter element or sintered ceramic porous material filter element.
In addition, the filter element that film filter adopts is further conductor, this filter element insulating mounting is in film filter, and the dc source that accesses voltage between filter element and the shell of film filter and be 5～20 volts makes described filter element and colloid band identical charges.Like this, can hinder colloid by the repulsive force between identical charges and be adsorbed to filter element, prevent that filter element from polluting fast.
In above-mentioned any filter method, described colloid to be filtered-turbid liquid system can be the leachate of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, uranium, thorium, bismuth, tin, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, manganese, vanadium, Au Ag Pt Pd, indium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, germanium or gallium in hydrometallurgy.Filter method of the present invention is particularly useful for the filtration of leachate in hydrometallurgy.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.The present invention and additional aspect and advantage will partly provide in the following description, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of colloid of the present invention-turbid liquid system filter method.
Fig. 2 is another process chart of colloid of the present invention-turbid liquid system filter method.
The specific embodiment
The filtering technique flow process of colloid as shown in Figure 1-turbid liquid system, the steps include: colloid-turbid liquid system to import equipment for separating liquid from solid 100, by the solid suspension in this equipment for separating liquid from solid 100 pairs of described colloids-turbid liquid system, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid; Liquid after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid is imported to the electrode cell 200 of positively charged utmost point 220a and negative electrode 220b, between positive electrode 220a and negative electrode 220b, access voltage and be the dc source 210 of 0.8～3 volt, make colloidal substance in liquid to electrode movement the deposition of oppositely charged; The above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank 300, to mixing diameter in the liquid of surge-tank 300, be that the solid suspended particle A of 20～500 microns the agitator 310 that starts in surge-tank 300 fully mix again, the volume ratio that remains the solid suspended particle in colloid and turbid liquid in described liquid is adjusted to 0.1～0.2; Thereby will import film filter 400 through above-mentioned pretreated liquid, described liquid is carried out to membrane microfiltration, after membrane microfiltration, the solid content of liquid B is controlled at below 5～10 mg/litre.Wherein, film filter 400 is cross-flow filtration device, and this film filter 400 is connected with medial launder 500 between surge-tank 300 with in cross-flow filtration device 400 and then forms liquid to be filtered circulation stream (being provided with circulating pump 410 between medial launder 500 and cross-flow filtration device 400).In addition, equipment for separating liquid from solid 100 has specifically adopted quartz sand or active carbon, as filter medium, Separation of Solid and Liquid is filtered and then realized to colloid-turbid liquid system.The sintering TiAl intermetallic compound porous material filter element that has adopted applicant to produce in film filter 400, filtering accuracy >=0.1 micron of this filter element, to diameter in liquid to be filtered in the rate of removing of more than 0.1 micron solid particle more than 98%, simultaneously this filter element be good conductor and insulating mounting in film filter 400, the dc source that accesses voltage between filter element and the shell of film filter 400 and be 5～20 volts makes described filter element and colloid band identical charges.
The difference of colloid shown in Fig. 2-turbid liquid system filtering technique flow process and Fig. 1 is only to have cancelled medial launder 500, film filter 400 is directly connected to form liquid to be filtered circulation stream with described surge-tank 300, and circulating pump 410 is arranged between surge-tank 300 and cross-flow filtration device 400.
First group of test example
In hydrometallurgy, the leachate of cobalt is containing the colloid of approximately 1% weight and the solid suspension of 8% weight in cobaltous sulfate stoste.Now by the filtering technique flow process of the colloid shown in Fig. 1-turbid liquid system, this stoste is carried out to filtration, purification.First by the solid suspension in 100 pairs of described stostes of equipment for separating liquid from solid, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid, equipment for separating liquid from solid 100 concrete with active carbon as filter medium, removed the most of solid suspension in stoste and accounted for the colloidal substance of the total colloid weight 20% of stoste, then by the liquid iontophoresis electrode pond 200 after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid, Control of Voltage between positive electrode 220a and negative electrode 220b is 2 volts, colloidal substance in liquid moves and deposits to positive electrode 220a, by the suction-operated of electrode, has removed the colloidal substance of approximately 70% weight in stoste, the above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank 300, to mixing diameter in the liquid of surge-tank 300, be that the solid suspended particle A of 80～300 microns the agitator 310 that starts in surge-tank 300 fully mix again, the volume ratio that the incorporation of solid suspended particle A makes respectively to remain colloid and solid suspended particle is 12%, 15%, 18%, 21% and 23%, thereby will import film filter 400 through above-mentioned pretreated liquid more described liquid will be carried out to membrane microfiltration, voltage between the shell of the filter element of film filter 400 and film filter 400 is 10 volts.The solid content of liquid B, colloidal content after membrane microfiltration, average filtration flux during membrane microfiltration, filter element on average recoil the cycle referring to table 1.Wherein number 1 to 3 test, the pollution high and filter element of its filter efficiency obviously declines compared with ordinary circumstance.
Table 1
Second group of test example
In hydrometallurgy, the leachate of zinc is containing the colloid of approximately 1.2% weight and the solid suspension of 11% weight in zinc sulfate stoste.Now by the filtering technique flow process of the colloid shown in Fig. 2-turbid liquid system, this stoste is carried out to filtration, purification.First by the solid suspension in 100 pairs of described stostes of equipment for separating liquid from solid, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid, equipment for separating liquid from solid 100 concrete with quartz sand as filter medium, removed the most of solid suspension in stoste and accounted for the colloidal substance of the total colloid weight of stoste 18% left and right, then by the liquid iontophoresis electrode pond 200 after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid, Control of Voltage between positive electrode 220a and negative electrode 220b is 2.5 volts, colloidal substance in liquid moves and deposits to positive electrode 220a, by the suction-operated of electrode, has removed the colloidal substance of approximately 72% weight in stoste, the above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank 300, to mixing diameter in the liquid of surge-tank 300, be that the solid suspended particle A of 100～300 microns the agitator 310 that starts in surge-tank 300 fully mix again, the volume ratio that the incorporation of solid suspended particle A makes respectively to remain colloid and solid suspended particle is 10%, 13%, 16%, 19% and 22%, thereby will import film filter 400 through above-mentioned pretreated liquid described liquid will be carried out to membrane microfiltration, voltage between the shell of the filter element of film filter 400 and film filter 400 is 15 volts.The solid content of liquid B, colloidal content after membrane microfiltration, average filtration flux during membrane microfiltration, filter element on average recoil the cycle referring to table 2.
Table 2
Comparative example 1
In hydrometallurgy, the leachate of cobalt is containing the colloid of approximately 1% weight and the solid suspension of 8% weight in cobaltous sulfate stoste.This stoste is carried out to filtration, purification, and first directly, by above-mentioned stoste iontophoresis electrode pond 200, the Control of Voltage between positive electrode 220a and negative electrode 220b is 2.5 volts, by the suction-operated of electrode, has only removed the colloidal substance of approximately 50～60% weight in stoste, the above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank 300, to mixing diameter in the liquid of surge-tank 300, be that the solid suspended particle A of 80～300 microns the agitator 310 that starts in surge-tank 300 fully mix again, the incorporation of solid suspended particle A makes to remain the volume ratio 15% of colloid and solid suspended particle, thereby will import film filter 400 through above-mentioned pretreated liquid described liquid will be carried out to membrane microfiltration, voltage between the shell of the filter element of film filter 400 and film filter 400 is 10 volts, after membrane microfiltration, the solid content of liquid B is controlled at 10 mg/litre, colloidal content is only down to 0.6% left and right of liquid weight after membrane microfiltration, average filtration flux during membrane microfiltration is 240L/m
2h, filter element on average the recoil cycle be 180s, the pollution of filter efficiency and filter element is significantly deteriorated.
Comparative example 2
In hydrometallurgy, the leachate of zinc is containing the colloid of approximately 1.2% weight and the solid suspension of 11% weight in zinc sulfate stoste.Now this stoste is carried out to filtration, purification, first by the solid suspension in 100 pairs of described stostes of equipment for separating liquid from solid, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid, equipment for separating liquid from solid 100 concrete with quartz sand as filter medium, removed the most of solid suspension in stoste and accounted for the colloidal substance of the total colloid weight of stoste 18% left and right; Then by the liquid iontophoresis electrode pond 200 after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid, the Control of Voltage between positive electrode 220a and negative electrode 220b is 2.5 volts, by the suction-operated of electrode, has removed the colloidal substance of approximately 73% weight in stoste; Thereby except the liquid after colloid directly imports film filter 400, described liquid is carried out to membrane microfiltration by above-mentioned, voltage between the shell of the filter element of film filter 400 and film filter 400 is 15 volts, after membrane microfiltration, the solid content of liquid B is 9 mg/litre, colloidal content is down to 0.12% left and right of liquid weight after membrane microfiltration, and average filtration flux during membrane microfiltration is 360L/m
2h, filter element on average the recoil cycle be 200s, the pollution of filtering accuracy, efficiency and filter element is significantly deteriorated.
Claims (10)
1. improve the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system, its step comprises:
Colloid-turbid liquid system is imported to equipment for separating liquid from solid, by this equipment for separating liquid from solid, the solid suspension in described colloid-turbid liquid system carried out to Separation of Solid and Liquid;
The electrode cell that liquid after above-mentioned Separation of Solid and Liquid is imported to the positively charged utmost point and negative electrode accesses dc source between positive electrode and negative electrode, makes colloidal substance in liquid to electrode movement the deposition of oppositely charged;
The above-mentioned liquid removing after colloid is imported to surge-tank, then mix solid suspended particle and fully mix in the liquid of surge-tank, the volume ratio that remains the solid suspended particle in colloid and turbid liquid in described liquid is adjusted to 0.1～0.2.
2. the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system of improving as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described equipment for separating liquid from solid adopts accumulation property filter medium to filter and then realize Separation of Solid and Liquid to colloid-turbid liquid system.
3. the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system of improving as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described accumulation filter medium is quartz sand or active carbon.
4. as described in claim 1,2 or 3, improve the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system, it is characterized in that: the voltage of described dc source is 0.8～3 volt.
5. as described in claim 1,2 or 3, improve the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system, it is characterized in that: the diameter of the solid suspended particle mixing is 20～500 microns.
6. the filter method of colloid-turbid liquid system, its step comprises:
By the filterable method of colloid-turbid liquid system of improving described in any one claim in claim 1 to 5, colloid to be filtered-turbid liquid system is carried out to pretreatment;
Thereby above-mentioned pretreated liquid is imported to film filter, described liquid is carried out to membrane microfiltration, after membrane microfiltration, the solid content of liquid is controlled at below 5～10 mg/litre.
7. the filter method of colloid as claimed in claim 6-turbid liquid system, it is characterized in that: described film filter is cross-flow filtration device this film filter and described surge-tank or be connected with medial launder between surge-tank with in cross-flow filtration device and then form liquid to be filtered circulation stream.
8. the filter method of colloid as claimed in claim 6-turbid liquid system, is characterized in that: described film filter adopts sintering metal porous material filter element or sintered ceramic porous material filter element.
9. the filter method of colloid as claimed in claim 8-turbid liquid system, it is characterized in that: the filter element that described film filter adopts is conductor, this filter element insulating mounting is in film filter, and the dc source that accesses voltage between filter element and the shell of film filter and be 5～20 volts makes described filter element and colloid band identical charges.
10. the filter method of the colloid-turbid liquid system as described in any one claim in claim 6 to 9, is characterized in that: described colloid to be filtered-turbid liquid is the leachate of tungsten in hydrometallurgy, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, uranium, thorium, bismuth, tin, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, manganese, vanadium, Au Ag Pt Pd, indium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, germanium or gallium.
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| JPH02253151A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1990-10-11 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Suspension decomposing device |
| CN101250740A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-27 | 中山大学 | Method for decomposing hydrogen-production colloid offspring by removing sodium borohydride |
| CN101787546A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-07-28 | 汪云华 | Method utilizing titanium white waste acid to prepare electrolytic manganese metal |
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