CN104089839B - With grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing in a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance of detection fast - Google Patents
With grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing in a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance of detection fast Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses in a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance of detection fast and grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing, the method adopt micron impression instrument in described metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness measure, according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance obtained and the loading and unloading curve of crystal boundary hardness test, owing to the hardness of material is directly proportional to intensity, according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness calculation result, relatively their brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness, when metallographic specimen brilliant in and show when crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness is excessive this metallographic specimen brilliant in excessive with grain-boundary strength difference, namely this metallographic specimen material is bigger with crystal boundary uneven deformation in crystalline substance in military service, material is caused easily to lose efficacy, and then judge the use properties of this material. the inventive method by austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance and the size of grain-boundary strength difference, can the use properties of convenient and swift judgement material, this detection method can realize the accurate judgement to austenitic heat-resistance steel use properties.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material property detection method, it is specifically related in a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance of detection fast and grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing.
Background technology
Due to the raising required along with energy-saving and emission-reduction, fired power generating unit develops from subcritical to super (super-) critical, operating temperature and pressure improve constantly, many key parts in current fired power generating unit such as superheater and reheater all adopt austenitic heat-resistance steel, according to investigation data display: a 600MW supercritical generating sets austenitic heat-resistance steel accounts for the 75% of whole unit superheater and reheater steel using amount. Austenitic heat-resistance steel is owing to subject High Temperature High Pressure, and the brilliant interior and grain-boundary strength difference of austenitic heat-resistance steel directly determines the safe reliability that austenitic heat-resistance steel uses at high temperature under high pressure.
Owing to austenitic heat-resistance steel organizes, under High Temperature High Pressure is run, the impact changed, superheater and reheater local loudness weaken and increase, there is pipe explosion accident in super (super-) critical overheater of power generating set and the reheater of domestic existing relative populations, and excessive with grain-boundary strength difference in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance is the one of the main reasons causing super (super-) critical overheater of power generating set and reheater bursting. But do not have in for austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance in unit A level is overhauled and the method for grain-boundary strength Difference test. The detection that is interior and grain-boundary strength difference of austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance is ignored in sampling analysis process. Only detection means is also differentiate with inspection personnel's experience according to austenitic heat-resistance steel metallographic.
It is weigh an austenitic heat-resistance steel important indicator whether in a safe condition with grain-boundary strength difference size in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance. It is not only for the safety evaluation of ultra supercritical coal-fired unit superheater and reheater provides foundation with the object of grain-boundary strength Difference test in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance, the more important thing is as ultra supercritical coal-fired unit superheater and the accurate analysis in reheater materials'use life-span provide foundation. For ensureing the safe and stable operation of ultra supercritical coal-fired unit superheater and reheater, research and develop one for austenitic heat-resistance steel conveniently brilliant interior very necessary with grain-boundary strength difference detecting method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for prior art Problems existing, it is provided that in the quick detection austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance of a kind of practicality, accuracy of judgement and grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention employing is: method for distinguishing poor with grain-boundary strength in detection austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance fast, carries out according to the following steps:
Step 1, choose different material to be detected and make austenitic heat-resistance steel metallographic specimen;
Step 2, adopt micron impression instrument in described metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness measure, carry out according to the following steps:
1), by microscope choose each metallographic specimen brilliant clearly in and crystal boundary as hardness test region, crystal boundary hardness should be chosen trident crystal boundary place and measure;
2), to the brilliant interior and crystal boundary region that each metallographic specimen is selected carry out loading and unloading test, obtain corresponding loading and unloading curve;
3), according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance of obtaining and the loading and unloading curve of crystal boundary hardness test, calculate respectively as follows brilliant in and crystal boundary hardness;
In formula,FIt is ultimate load,hIt is depth of indentation,��It is depth of indentation and impression area gain factor,HFor hardness;
Step 3, hardness due to material are directly proportional to intensity, according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness calculation result, relatively their brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness, when metallographic specimen brilliant in and show when crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness is excessive this metallographic specimen brilliant in excessive with grain-boundary strength difference, namely this metallographic specimen material is bigger with crystal boundary uneven deformation in crystalline substance in military service, cause material easily to lose efficacy, and then judge the use properties of this material.
Four pyramid pressure heads selected by described micron impression instrument, and data acquisition rate is 10Hz, ultimate load 2000mN, and compression and decompression speed is 4000mN/min, and loading regime is linear loading, and hold time is 5s, and Poisson's ratio selects 0.30.
The inventive method measures the method for hardness based on micro-(receiving) rice impression, owing to the hardness of material is directly proportional to intensity, thus can as detecting in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance and the method for grain-boundary strength difference, by in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance and the size of grain-boundary strength difference, can the use properties of convenient and swift judgement material, this detection method can realize the accurate judgement to austenitic heat-resistance steel use properties.
The technical scheme of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in austenitic heat-resistance steel metallographic specimen crystalline substance and Detection of grain schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the loading and unloading curve that austenitic heat-resistance steel metallographic specimen is tested by micron impression instrument.
Embodiment
Now for austenitic heat-resistance steel SAVE25, the inventive method is described:
Step 1, choose through different time be on active service after fired power generating unit pendant superheater material SAVE25 make metallographic specimen, there occurs that the material of pipe explosion accident makes the first metallographic specimen with after long-time military service, material making the 2nd metallographic specimen be on active service and do not have an accident with the short period of time;
The brilliant interior of first, second metallographic specimen and crystal boundary hardness are tested by step 2, employing micron impression instrument respectively, carry out according to the following steps:
1), see Fig. 1, first, second metallographic specimen brilliant interior hardness test region 1 and crystal boundary hardness test region 2 clearly is chosen respectively by metaloscope;
2), the pressure head of micron impression instrument select four pyramid pressure heads, adjustment data acquisition rate is 10Hz, ultimate load 2000mN, and compression and decompression speed is 4000mN/min, and loading regime is linear loading, and hold time is 5s, and Poisson's ratio selects 0.30;
3), to the brilliant interior and crystal boundary hardness test region 1,2 that first, second metallographic specimen is selected carry out loading and unloading test respectively, corresponding loading and unloading curve can be obtained;
4), see Fig. 2, according to the loading and unloading curve obtained, the brilliant interior and crystal boundary hardness of two samples is calculated respectively by formula (1);
In formula,FIt is ultimate load,hIt is depth of indentation,��It is depth of indentation and impression area gain factor,HFor hardness;
In first metallographic specimen crystalline substance, hardness is 272HV, and grain-boundary strength is 252HV; In first metallographic specimen crystalline substance, intensity is 265HV, and grain-boundary strength is 258HV;
Step 3, according to first, second metallographic specimen brilliant in and crystal boundary hardness calculation result, the relatively brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness of two metallographic specimens, the brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness of the first metallographic specimen is 50HV, the brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness of the 2nd metallographic specimen is 7HV, there occurs in the material crystalline substance of pipe explosion accident excessive with grain-boundary strength difference after showing long-time military service, cause material deformation inconsistent, easily cause material failure.
Claims (2)
1. detect in austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance fast and a grain-boundary strength difference method for distinguishing, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
Step 1, choose different material to be detected and make austenitic heat-resistance steel metallographic specimen;
Step 2, adopt micron impression instrument in described metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness measure, carry out according to the following steps:
1), by microscope choose each metallographic specimen brilliant clearly in and crystal boundary as hardness test region, crystal boundary hardness should be chosen trident crystal boundary place and measure;
2), to the brilliant interior and crystal boundary region that each metallographic specimen is selected carry out loading and unloading test, obtain corresponding loading and unloading curve;
3), according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance of obtaining and the loading and unloading curve of crystal boundary hardness test, calculate respectively as follows brilliant in and crystal boundary hardness;
In formula,FIt is ultimate load,hIt is depth of indentation,��It is depth of indentation and impression area gain factor,HFor hardness;
Step 3, hardness due to material are directly proportional to intensity, according in each metallographic specimen crystalline substance and crystal boundary hardness calculation result, relatively their brilliant interior and crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness, when metallographic specimen brilliant in and show when crystal boundary nonhomogeneous hardness is excessive this metallographic specimen brilliant in excessive with grain-boundary strength difference, namely this metallographic specimen material is bigger with crystal boundary uneven deformation in crystalline substance in military service, cause material easily to lose efficacy, and then judge the use properties of this material.
2. the interior method for distinguishing poor with grain-boundary strength of quick detection austenitic heat-resistance steel crystalline substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that four pyramid pressure heads selected by described micron impression instrument, data acquisition rate is 10Hz, ultimate load 2000mN, compression and decompression speed is 4000mN/min, loading regime is linear loading, and hold time is 5s, and Poisson's ratio selects 0.30.
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