CN104089760B - The fatigue test method of gas engine part - Google Patents
The fatigue test method of gas engine part Download PDFInfo
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- CN104089760B CN104089760B CN201410273023.XA CN201410273023A CN104089760B CN 104089760 B CN104089760 B CN 104089760B CN 201410273023 A CN201410273023 A CN 201410273023A CN 104089760 B CN104089760 B CN 104089760B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the fatigue test method of a kind of gas engine part, comprises the following steps: obtains the load life-span sample data of multiple sample and is plotted in load life-span log log coordinates system；Utilize method of least square that sample data is carried out linear fit, it is thus achieved that tired separation B of high/low weekLCF；Utilize tired separation B of high/low weekLCFFailpoint B with each sampleiObtain its anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FSi；Obtain Median rank and standard normal deviator D of all samplesi, and utilize method of least square to carry out linear fit, obtain the average of fatigue test ultimate load and the linear relationship of standard deviation.Compared with prior art, the present invention, meansigma methods is substituted with Median rank, linear relationship with cumulative failure probability, average sequence number and standard normal deviator and fatigue limit estimated value obtains the statistical results of fatigue limit load, thus draw the statistical nature of fatigue limit load the most accurately, sample size can obviously reduce, and shortens the test period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine reliability test method, be specifically related to the tired examination of gas engine part
Proved recipe method.
Background technology
Reliability is to weigh the important indicator of internal combustion engine quality, is also one of the focus of future market competition.
At present, the internal combustion engine yield of China accounts for the 1/4 of world wide production, and IC Engine Industry is Chinese national economy
Infrastructural industries.As power core, internal combustion engine plays important work in national economy every field
With.But, while yield quickly increases, the reliability of internal combustion engine product becomes and can not be ignored
Problem.Because the reliability of internal combustion engine directly affects the reliability of supporting machinery, also contribute to China
The sustainable development of ic engine industry.
It is known that fatigue test is one of evaluation methodology of gas engine part reliability.Nowadays,
The fatigue test of gas engine part frequently with method have three kinds:
The first is passed through method, the i.e. load in regulation and is issued to test life (number of times) and is and passes through.
This method is only used for trial production of new products, it is impossible to be estimated the fatigue strength of batch production product；
It two is one-point testing method, i.e. sets series of experiments load, issues in this group load effect
The testing site of raw fatigue failure uses least square fitting method.In the method, first according to internal combustion engine zero
The fatigue test results of parts sets up load-life-span log-log coordinate system, then by the examination of finite life region
Test and a little fit to least-squares line, then this least-squares line is extended and faces with low-cycle fatigue circulation
Boundary line (vertical line N=10000 time) intersects, thus obtains the fatigue limit load of gas engine part.
Although this method is the most most widely used method, but the method is merely able to obtain internal combustion engine zero
The average of the fatigue limit load of parts and standard deviation can not be obtained, it is impossible to provide gas engine part
The statistical nature of fatigue limit load, therefore, result of the test is the most coarse；
It three is lifting and lowering method, and the method is widely used in fatigue test of materials, and result of the test also has
Higher accuracy, but then due to the substantial amounts of test sample of needs and relatively in Parts is tested
For permanent test period, this is for expensive test specimen and for the urgent time cycle, no
The most applicable.
In view of this, it would be highly desirable to the method for existing gas engine part fatigue test improves,
To utilizing less sample size to draw the statistical nature of fatigue limit load the most accurately, and shorten
Test period.
Summary of the invention
For drawbacks described above, present invention solves the technical problem that and be to provide a kind of gas engine part
Fatigue test method, effectively to utilize less gas engine part sample data to draw the most accurately
The statistical nature of fatigue limit load, and the test period of this test method is shorter.
The fatigue test method of the gas engine part that the present invention provides, comprises the following steps:
Sample to multiple gas engine parts carries out the load-life-span of the fatigue test multiple samples of acquisition
Sample data, and be plotted in load-life-span log log coordinates system, wherein, the tired examination of all samples
Test and carry out in high-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction region；
Utilize method of least square that described load-life-span sample data is carried out linear fit, and utilizes matching
Line carries out regression analysis and obtains the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCF；
Utilize the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCFFailpoint with each sample
BiObtain anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of each samplei；
Anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS to each sampleiIt is ranked up, then tries to achieve all examinations
The Median rank of sample and standard normal deviator Di；
Utilize method of least square standard normal deviator D to each sampleiWith fatigue limit estimated value
FSiCarry out linear fit, and utilize fit line to carry out regression analysis to obtain the tired examination of gas engine part
Test the average of ultimate load and the linear relationship of standard deviation.
Preferably, should lose efficacy in high life district in the 1/3 of the fatigue test sample data of all samples.
Preferably, the tired separation B of high/low week of described gas engine partLCFObtain by the following method
:
The fit line of load-life-span sample data is extended to lgNLCFObtain lgBLCF, then try to achieve
BLCF, N1The test life of the gas engine part for setting.
Preferably, when carrying out load-life-span sample data linear fit, if can not reach to set
Significance, then require supplementation with increase sample data, until meet set significance till.
Preferably, anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of described sampleiEmploying following methods obtains:
In fatigue limit is added up, by low-cycle fatigue critical cycle point BLCFWith failpoint BiBe connected structure
Becoming a ray, this ray is then this sample anti-fatigue ultimate strength with the intersection point in fundamental test life-span
Test estimated value FSi。
Preferably, during trying to achieve described Median rank, if some Median rank contains one
Stop in test, then need according to formulaObtain average sequence number ik, and with ikReplace
I in formula P (i)=(i-0.3)/(n+0.4) calculates Median rank P (i), and in formula: j is total sequence number, k is for losing
Effect sequence number, n is sample size.
Preferably, utilize method of least square that the estimated value of standard normal deviator Yu fatigue limit is carried out line
Property matching time, significance should be less than or equal to 0.05.
Preferably, described gas engine part is specially bent axle, connecting rod or cylinder body.
Compared with prior art, the fatigue test method of the gas engine part that the present invention provides, by number
The fatigue data of the gas engine part that reason statistical knowledge is applied to small sample processes, with Median rank
Substitute meansigma methods, estimate with fatigue limit with cumulative failure probability, average sequence number and standard normal deviator
The linear relationship of evaluation obtains the statistical results of fatigue limit load, it follows that the most accurately
The statistical nature (average of fatigue limit load and standard deviation) of fatigue limit load.Therefore, internal combustion engine
The fatigue test sample size of parts can significantly reduce, and shortens the test period.
In the preferred version of the present invention, the 1/3 of the fatigue test sample data of all samples should be
High life lost efficacy in district, to guarantee that the dependency of sample data that dispersion is bigger is guaranteed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the fatigue test method of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the load drawn in the fatigue test method of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention
-life-span double-log number coordinate system schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is zero, internal combustion engine in the fatigue test method of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention
The fatigue limit statistics schematic diagram of part；
Fig. 4 is that the fatigue test method Plays normal state of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention is inclined
Amount and the linear regression analysis schematic diagram of fatigue limit estimated value.
Detailed description of the invention
The core of the present invention is to provide the fatigue test method of a kind of gas engine part, it is possible to use relatively
Few sample data draws the statistical nature of fatigue limit load the most accurately, and the test period is relatively
Short.It is described in detail below for present embodiment.
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that first to some technology involved in the present invention
Term is explained as follows:
(1) small sample: the sample size sample less than 20.
(2) tired separation of high/low week: according to the characteristic of metal fatigue, in district of low load high life
The dispersion of sample data relatively big, and the low lifetime region of top load sample data dispersion gradually
Reduce, it is considered to extreme case: high/low week, tired separation (was set as 10000 times in present embodiment
Circulation, can change according to actual needs) (life-span, the load) at place point dispersibility is the lowest, thus
Can assume that as focusing on a unique point, therefore, this point is as some load-life-spans in test
Estimation curve must by point and tired separation of the most high/low week.
(3) fatigue limit load estimated value: under life-span-load log-log coordinate system, by high/low week
Tired separation connects into straight line with sample data (testing site), and this straight line is extended to base
This cycle life (N=N0, N0Setting according to actual needs) load value at place is fatigue limit load
Estimated value.
(4) Median rank: arrange ascending for fatigue limit load estimated value by ascending order, utilize afterwards
Formula P (i)=(i-0.3)/(n+0.4) is calculated Median rank P (i) of each sample data, in formula:
N is sample number, and i is sequence number.
(5) cumulative failure probability: in load interval likely value probability and, in being approximately equal to
Position order.
(6) average sequence number:For calculating Median rank, in formula:
The total sequence number of j--,
K--inefficacy sequence number,
N--sample size.
(7) standard normal deviator: average is 0, variance is the probability quantile of the normal distribution of 1.
Present embodiment is illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description.
Referring to Fig. 1, this figure is the fatigue test method of gas engine part described in present embodiment
Flow chart.
As it is shown in figure 1, the fatigue test method of the gas engine part of present invention offer, including following
Step:
Step 1: the sample of multiple gas engine parts is carried out fatigue test and obtains the load of multiple samples
Lotus-life-span sample data, and be plotted in load-life-span log log coordinates system, wherein, all samples
Fatigue test should carry out in high-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction region.
The fatigue test of gas engine part uses routine test equipment and test method, and test should
Carry out in the high-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction region of gas engine part, and require the tired examination of all samples
Test the 1/3 of sample data to lose efficacy in high life region, the sample number bigger to guarantee dispersion
According to dependency be guaranteed.
Assume that the test life N (cycle-index) of sample meets 2 × 105<N<5×106, test at this
In life-span, failure damage occurs as samples, then this sample data (testing site) is called inefficacy sample point；
If the life-span of test specimen is more than the cycle-index upper limit (fundamental test life-span N0) and failure damage does not occurs,
Then this sample data (testing site) is called to stop sample point.
After the fatigue test of all samples completes, respectively its load-life-span sample data is plotted in load
In-life-span log log coordinates system, specifically please also refer to Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is interior described in detailed description of the invention
Load-life-span double-log number coordinate system the schematic diagram drawn in the fatigue test method of combustion engine parts, figure
In 2, abscissa is logarithm value lgN in sample life-span, and ordinate is logarithm value lgS of load.
Step 2: utilize method of least square that described load-life-span sample data is carried out linear fit, and
Utilize fit line to carry out regression analysis and obtain the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCF。
The summary of the fatigue test results according to gas engine part, low load/high life region
The dispersibility of sample data is relatively big, and the dispersibility of the sample data of the low lifetime region of top load is less, number
According to distribution Relatively centralized, therefore it is believed that at low-cycle fatigue critical cycle life-span NLCF(in the present embodiment about
Determine NLCF=10000), at point, load does not has dispersibility and the most unique numerical value.For sake of convenience,
This point is designated as (NLCF, BLCF)。
Refer to Fig. 2 again, first pass through method of least square load-life-span sample data to all samples
Carry out linear fit and form straight line, then the fit line of load-life-span sample data is extended to
lgNLCFObtain lgBLCF(linear regression), and then try to achieve BLCF。
During above-mentioned linear regression analysis, it is necessary to assure the dependency of sample data, if can not reach
Increase is then required supplementation with to the significance (the most typically requiring that significance α is less than or equal to 0.05) set
Sample data, till significance meets requirement.Such as former state notebook data is 5, and significance is
0.08, it is unsatisfactory for requirement, then needs to continue to increase 1-2 sample and do experiment, until reaching significance
Till 0.05.
Step 3: utilize the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCFWith each sample
Failpoint BiObtain anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of each samplei。
Please also refer to shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the fatigue of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention
The fatigue limit statistics schematic diagram of gas engine part in test method.
As it is shown on figure 3, by tired for high/low week separation BLCFFailpoint B with some sampleiPhase
Even constitute a ray, this ray and fundamental test life-span (circulation radix line N0) intersection point be exactly this
Anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of samplei。
Step 4: anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS to each sampleiIt is ranked up, then tries to achieve
The Median rank of all samples and standard normal deviator Di。
If some Median rank contains stop in a test, then need according to formulaObtain average sequence number ik, with ikReplace the i in formula P (i)=(i-0.3)/(n+0.4)
Being calculated Median rank P (i), in formula: j is total sequence number, k is inefficacy sequence number, and n is sample size.
Step 5: utilize method of least square standard normal deviator D to each sampleiAnd fatigue limit
Estimated value FSi carries out linear fit, and is obtained the fatigue of gas engine part by linear regression analysis
The average of test ultimate load and the linear relationship of standard deviation, and then average and standard deviation can be utilized
Linear relationship carries out fail-safe analysis.
It is the fatigue test of gas engine part described in detailed description of the invention please also refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4
Method Plays normal state deviator and the linear regression analysis schematic diagram of fatigue limit estimated value.
As shown in Figure 4, first it is calculated each sample number according to formula P (i)=(i-0.3)/(n+0.4)
According to cumulative failure probability (Median rank), and obtain standard normal deviator Di, then utilize a young waiter in a wineshop or an inn
Multiplication standard normal deviator D to each sampleiLinear Quasi is carried out with fatigue limit estimated value FSi
Close, under the requirement meeting significance, utilize linear regression analysis to obtain fatigue test ultimate load
Average and the linear relationship of standard deviation.In Fig. 4, the intercept of fit line (straight line) is fatigue test pole
The average of limit for tonnage lotus, slope is the standard deviation of fatigue test ultimate load.
Compared with prior art, the fatigue test method of the gas engine part that the present invention provides, can answer
For the fatigue test of the gas engine parts such as bent axle, connecting rod or cylinder body, the method have following significantly
Advantage:
(1) based on reliability engineering and mathematical statistics method, the hands of mathematical statistics method is taken full advantage of
Section and knowledge, it is possible to effectively implement small sample test, and the levels of precision of its result is
Greatly；Meanwhile, under conditions of meeting confidence level, relative error restriction, the sample number of test also is able to
Reach relatively minimal.
(2) meansigma methods is substituted with Median rank, with cumulative failure probability, average sequence number and standard normal
Deviator and the statistical result of the linear relationship acquisition fatigue limit load of fatigue limit estimated value, thus obtain
Go out the statistical nature (average of fatigue limit load and standard deviation) of fatigue limit load the most accurately,
Sample size can significantly reduce.
(3) owing to testing in finite life region, the test period is therefore shortened.
(4) according to S-N (load-life-span) rule of metal fatigue, accelerated test method is used,
Obtain major part sample data in finite life region, further shorten the test period.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvement
And retouching, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the fatigue test method of gas engine part, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Sample to multiple gas engine parts carries out the load-life-span sample of the fatigue test multiple samples of acquisition
Notebook data, and be plotted in load-life-span log log coordinates system, wherein, the fatigue test of all samples
Carry out in high-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction region；
Utilize method of least square that described load-life-span sample data is carried out linear fit, and utilizes matching
Line carries out regression analysis and obtains the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCF；
Utilize the tired separation B of high/low week of gas engine partLCFFailpoint B with each samplei
Obtain anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of each samplei；
Anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS to each sampleiIt is ranked up, then tries to achieve all samples
Median rank and standard normal deviator Di；
Utilize method of least square standard normal deviator D to each sampleiWith fatigue limit estimated value FSi
Carry out linear fit, and utilize fit line to carry out regression analysis to obtain the fatigue test pole of gas engine part
The average of limit for tonnage lotus and the linear relationship of standard deviation.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The 1/3 of the load of all samples carrying out fatigue test-life-span sample data should be lost in high life district
Effect.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The tired separation B of high/low week of described gas engine partLCFIt is prepared by the following:
The fit line of load-life-span sample data is extended to lgNLCFObtain lgBLCF, then try to achieve
BLCF, NLCFThe test life of the gas engine part for setting.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
When carrying out load-life-span sample data linear fit, if the significance set can not be reached, then
Require supplementation with increase load-life-span sample data, till meeting the significance set.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Anti-fatigue LIMIT ESTIMATION value FS of described sampleiEmploying following methods obtains:
In fatigue limit is added up, by tired for high/low week separation BLCFWith failpoint BiBe connected composition one
Bar ray, this ray is then the durable of this sample anti-fatigue ultimate strength with the intersection point in fundamental test life-span
Fatigue limit estimated value FSi。
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
During trying to achieve described Median rank, if some Median rank contains stop in a test, then
Need to be according to formulaObtain average sequence number ik, and with ikReplace formula
I in P (i)=(i-0.3)/(n+0.4) calculates Median rank P (i), and in formula: j is total sequence number, k is inefficacy sequence number,
N is sample size.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
When utilizing method of least square that the estimated value of standard normal deviator Yu fatigue limit is carried out linear fit, significantly
Degree should be less than or equal to 0.05.
The fatigue test method of gas engine part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described gas engine part is specially bent axle, connecting rod or cylinder body.
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| CN106706453A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-24 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Part fatigue test crack monitoring method |
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| CN108572115B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏理工学院 | Test method for testing fatigue strength of material |
| US9841756B2 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-12-12 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Scheduling inspections and predicting end-of-life for machine components |
| DE102016221928A1 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a cyclically loaded component during operation |
| CN111734585B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-27 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining limit load of wind driven generator and readable storage medium |
| CN112067287A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Odd-gear input shaft torque fatigue test method and test system |
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| JPS6044613B2 (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1985-10-04 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Diagnostic device for rotating machines |
| CN1003189B (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1989-02-01 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Method and arrangement for estimating life expectancy of mechanical member |
| CN100552409C (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2009-10-21 | 北京交通大学 | Determine the method in locomotive overhaul cycle fatigue lifetime by the estimation diesel locomotive |
| CN102937520A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-20 | 上海理工大学 | Fatigue life prediction method of mechanical component under variable amplitude loading |
| CN103837772B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-02-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Low-power-consumption acquisition system life evaluation method based on accelerated life test |
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| CN106706453A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-24 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Part fatigue test crack monitoring method |
| CN106706453B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2019-08-27 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of Parts test crack monitoring method |
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